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Bryconops alburnoides

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Bryconops alburnoides
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Characiformes
Family: Iguanodectidae
Genus: Bryconops
Species:
B. alburnoides
Binomial name
Bryconops alburnoides
Kner, 1858

Bryconops alburnoides is a small freshwater fish, approximately 6 inches long at its largest, that lives in the rivers of South America. It has a slender body, with a yellowish dorsal fin and yellow-tinged back scales that fade into silver on its belly. It is largely an insectivore that picks land-dwelling insects from the riverbanks, though it eats much more whenever rain washes prey into the water.

Description

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Bryconops alburnoides reaches 15 cm (5.9 inches) at a maximum in standard length (tail fin not included), with a generally elongated body.[1][2] The genus Bryconops as a whole has been described as slender-bodied and "smelt-like", similar to sister genus Piabucus;[3] B. alburnoides is no exception. B. alburnoides is one of the larger members of the genus by a considerable margin.[2][4]

The lateral line has 50 to 62 scales.[2] B. alburnoides has a yellowish dorsal fin, which is a feature that can be used to distinguish it from other members of the genus that look similar.[5] The upper and lower margins of the caudal fin are also tinted yellow.[4] A congener, Bryconops gracilis, has frequently been misidentified as B. alburnoides, thanks to a yellowish dorsal fin and a similar number of lateral-line scales.[6] However, B. alburnoides has three rows of premaxillary teeth, while B. gracilis only has two, making for a definitive way to tell the two apart.

Taxonomy

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Upon describing Bryconops alburnoides in 1858, Austrian ichthyologist Rudolf Kner established Bryconops as a new genus.[7] He also described a congener, B. lucidus, but this has since been synonymized with B. alburnoides.[8][9] As a result, B. alburnoides is the type species of the genus.[10] Bryconops lucidus is the only synonym of Bryconops alburnoides.[11][12]

When originally described, the genus Bryconops was placed in the family Characidae.[7] Research from Oliveira et al. prompted Bryconops, along with sister genera Piabucus and Iguanodectes, to be moved to the family Iguanodectidae in 2011, which was revived from the work of ichthyologist Carl H. Eigenmann.[13][14] Therefore, B. alburnoides is a characiform fish of the family Iguanodectidae.

Bryconops has long known to be related to Brycon, Tetragonopterus, and Chalceus, which are its most closely related characiform genera.[2][7] Within the genus Bryconops, B. alburnoides is isolated from the subgenus Creatochanes and from the Bryconops caudomaculatus species complex; it is not considered a member of Creatochanes, and there are six members of the subgenus Bryconops, five of which are part of the aforementioned complex.[4] B. alburnoides is the sole remainder.

Etymology

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Many members of the genus Bryconops draw comparisons to other taxa, but B. alburnoides in particular bears a resemblance to members of the cyprinid genus Alburnus. This, in fact, is the origin of its specific epithet; the suffix "–oides" means "with the form of" or "resembling", hence alburnoides.[15]

The genus name Bryconops in itself is a reference to another taxon - Brycon is a genus of characins that also lives in South America.[16] Therefore, B. alburnoides' full scientific name means "resembling Brycon and Alburnus". The name Brycon originates in Greek, and comes from the word "bryko", which means "to bite" or "to eat".[1][17] This is in reference to the notable set of teeth that all members of the genus are equipped with.

The name alburnoides is also used for the genus Alburnoides, consisting of cyprinid fishes that inhabit Europe and Asia. Outside of similar nomenclature, Alburnoides is entirely unrelated to B. alburnoides.

Habitat and ecology

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Like the rest of the genus Bryconops, B. alburnoides is found solely in South American freshwater habitats.[18][19] It is local to the Amazon and Orinoco river basins, as well as flood-plain lakes in the lower Orinoco region.[1][4]

Bryconops alburnoides is an insectivore, demonstrating a marked preference for terrestrial insects. Its consumption increases opportunistically with windy and rainy weather, which sweeps more prey into its aquatic habitat.[20] This is in line with other members of the genus, all of which have a diet that consists at least partially of insects.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Bryconops alburnoides". FishBase. April 2022 version.
  2. ^ a b c d Machado-Allison, Antonio & Buckup, Paulo & Chernoff, Barry & Royero, Ramiro. (1993). Las especies del genero Bryconops Kner, 1858 en Venezuela (Teleostei, Characiformes). 14. 1-20.
  3. ^ "THE FISH FAMILIES". Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas, edited by Peter van der Sleen and James S. Albert, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017, pp. 95–96. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400888801-009
  4. ^ a b c d Chernoff, Barry; Machado-Allison, Antonio (2005-12-13). "Bryconops magoi and Bryconops collettei (Characiformes: Characidae), two new freshwater fish species from Venezuela, with comments on B. caudomaculatus (Günther)". Zootaxa. 1094 (1): 1–23. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1094.1.1. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  5. ^ "Bryconops alburnoides Kner, 1858". Museum of the Cerrado. 28 March 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  6. ^ Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison & Ota, Rafaela & Lima, Flávio & Rapp, Lúcia. (2021). Rediscovering species: redescription of Bryconops gracilis (Characiformes: Iguanodectidae), an often-misidentified species. Neotropical Ichthyology. 19. 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0054.
  7. ^ a b c Kner, Rudolf. (1858). Beiträge zur Familie der Characinen. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 30, 75–80. Ανακτήθηκε από https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/233420
  8. ^ "Bryconops lucidus Kner, 1858". Ocean Biodiversity Information System. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  9. ^ Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison; Canto, André Luiz C.; Ribeiro, Frank Raynner V. (2015-07-30). "Bryconops munduruku (Characiformes: Characidae), a new species of fish from the lower Tapajós River basin, Brazil". Zootaxa. 3994 (1): 133–141. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3994.1.7. PMID 26250264 – via Biotaxa.
  10. ^ Eigenmann, Carl H. (1910). Catalogue and bibliography of the fresh water fishes of the Americas south of the Tropic of Cancer. Lancaster, Pa.: Press of the New Era Printing Co. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.11953.
  11. ^ Rees, Tony (2022-04-03). "Bryconops alburnoides Kner, 1858". Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  12. ^ "Synonyms of Bryconops alburnoides Kner, 1858". FishBase. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  13. ^ Oliveira, C., Avelino, G.S., Abe, K.T., Mariguela, T.C., Benine, R.C., Orti, G., Vari, R.P., & Correa e Castro, R.M. (2011): Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling.  BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11: 275. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-275
  14. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Iguanodectidae". FishBase. March 2022 version.
  15. ^ Scharpf, Christopher; Lazara, Kenneth J. (15 September 2020). "Order CHARACIFORMES: Families IGUANODECTIDAE, TRIPORTHEIDAE, BRYCONIDAE, CHALCEIDAE and GASTEROPELECIDAE". The ETYFish Project. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  16. ^ Eigenmann, Carl H.; Meyers, George S. (1917–1929). The American Characidae. Cambridge. pp. 493–499. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  17. ^ Weitzman, Stanley & Menezes, Naercio & Evers, Hans-Georg & Burns, John. (2005). Putative relationships among inseminating and externally fertilizing characids, with a description of a new genus and species of Brazilian inseminating fish bearing an anal-fin gland in males (Characiformes: Characidae). Neotropical Ichthyology. 3. 329–360. 10.1590/S1679-62252005000300002.
  18. ^ "Bryconops Kner, 1858". NOAA Copepedia. 7 November 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  19. ^ Bryconops alburnoides Kner, 1858 in GBIF Secretariat (2021). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2022-04-03.
  20. ^ Silva, Cylene & Ferreira, Efrem & de Deus, Cláudia. (2008). Diet of Bryconops alburnoides and B-caudomaculatus (Osteichthyes : Characiformes) in the region affected by Balbina Hydroelectric Dam (Amazon drainage, Brazil). Neotropical Ichthyology. 6. 237–242. 10.1590/S1679-62252008000200011.
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