Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Dié

Not to be confused with Ancient Diocese of Die.

Diocese of Saint-Dié Dioecesis Sancti Deodatiis Diocèse de Saint-Dié
Saint-Dié Cathedral
Location
Country	France
Ecclesiastical province	Besançon
Metropolitan	Archdiocese of Besançon
Statistics
Area	5,903 km2 (2,279 sq mi)
Population - Total - Catholics	(as of 2022) 359,520 292,500 (81.4%)
Parishes	46
Information
Denomination	Roman Catholic
Sui iuris church	Latin Church
Rite	Roman Rite
Established	19 November 1777
Cathedral	Saint-Dié Cathedral
Patron saint	Saint Deodat
Secular priests	81 (Diocesan) 5 (Religious Orders)
Current leadership
Pope	Francis
Bishop	Vacant
Metropolitan Archbishop	Jean-Luc Bouilleret
Bishops emeritus	Paul-Marie Joseph André Guillaume, Bishop Emeritus (1984–2005) Jean-Paul Mathieu, Bishop Emeritus (2005–2016)
Map
Website
Website of the Diocese

The Diocese of Saint-Dié (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Deodatiis; French: Diocèse de Saint-Dié is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. The diocese has the same boundaries as the département of the Vosges. The bishop's cathedra is Saint-Dié Cathedral in the town now named Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, but since 1944 has lived in Épinal, capital of the département. The Diocese of Saint–Dié is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Besançon.

History

The Diocese of Saint-Dié originated in the celebrated abbey of that name. Saint Deodatus (Dié) (b. towards the close of the sixth century; died 679) came, according his legendary written in 1050 by benedictin monks of Moyenmoutier, from Nevers and the Nivernais.

Questions about Saint Dié

According to some historians, it is not known where Deodatus comes from. A hypothesis proposed that he came from Ireland, which was explained by a confusion in Latin between Niverniensis and hiberniensis. Others scholars suggest that he might be a Christian who had travelled widely, and may have lived in the North of Britain's Islands. He has also been thought to have been educated too in Austrasia, by Scottish monks attracted by the reputation of Saint Columbanus.

Some sceptical scientists add this legend would definitely distinguish Déodat as a holy itinerant who was not a benedictin monk : he comes from nowhere. Maybe he was just a Christian chief. Only one fact is sure : Déodat is the founder and first patron of a Merovingian district with political and religious power, a ban decided by the king of Austrasia Childeric II. And, after his dead, he was considered and consacred by local populations as a holy man. As, for orthodoxic thinkers of these times, only monk could be perfect, Déodat was becoming gradually a monk.

Legends describe him on little mountainous paths between Rambervillers and Colmar. They tell us he made the acquaintance of Saints Arbogast and Florentius and walked with through the passes. From Alsace, sometimes from the Heilige Wald, German term for Hollywood, near Haguenau, he withdrew to the Vosges, sojourning at Romont where he began a lot of miracles, and Arentelle, where the inhabitants were hostile. For some time he was a solitary at Wilra or Wibra, maybee near the present Katzenthal in Alsace, but being persecuted by the inhabitants, he walked with a big stick who planted in soil created always a spring of water. Above the pass of Bonhomme, on the top of Rossberg, he launched an ironed arm until a locus called Petit-Saint-Dié under the Kemberg, a mountain, precisely under rocks Saint-Martin. Springs of flowed on this left side of the Meurthe, and he founded a refuge under rocks and near above springs. Once he received this lands in 669 he decided to work. His first monastery hardly built with new brothership, he was tied and dreamed to build a monastery in a little hill "Juncturae" in the right side of the river, the future Galilée. Longtime a prairie, then a little town, and now the center of Saint-Dié-des-Vosges stand between this two places.

Monastery

Before this time, Leudin Bodo, Bishop of Toul, had founded to the north-west of Saint-Dié the monastery of Bonmoutier for his daughter and to the south of Bonmoutier that of Etival; Saint Gondelbert, perhaps after resigning the Archbishopric of Sens, had just founded Senones Abbey to the east. These four monasteries formed, by their geographical position the four extremities of a cross. Later, Saint Hidulphus, Bishop of Trier (d 707), erected between them at the intersection of the two arms of the cross, the monastery of Moyenmoutier. Villigod and Martin (disciples of Saint Dié), Abbot Spinulus (Spin), John the priest, and the deacon Benignus (disciples of Saint Hidulphus) are honoured as saints.

In the 10th century the Abbey of Saint-Dié grew lax, and Frederick I, Duke of Lorraine, expelled the Benedictines, replacing them by the Canons Regular of St. Augustine. Pope Gregory V, in 996, agreed to the change and decided that the grand prévôt, the principal dignitary of the abbey, should depend directly upon the Holy See.

During the sixteenth century, profiting by the long vacancy of the see of Toul, the abbots of the several monasteries in the Vosges, without actually declaring themselves independent of the diocese of Toul, claimed to exercise a quasi-episcopal jurisdiction as to the origin of which, however, they were not agreed; in the eighteenth century they pretended to be nullius dioceseos. In 1718, Thiard de Bissy, Bishop of Toul, requested the election of a see at Saint-Dié. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, was in favour of this step, but the King of France opposed it; the Holy See refrained for the time from action.

Diocese

In 1738, King Stanislaus of Poland was prevailed upon to give up the Polish throne in the Treaty of Vienna (1738), in exchange for which he received the duchies of Lorraine and Bar. When he died in 1766, the duchies passed to his daughter Maria, who was the wife of Louis XV of France, and grandmother of Louis XVI. When she died in 1768, Lorraine became part of France. The diocese of Saint-Dié was erected on 21 July 1777, by Pope Pius VI. The territory consists of numerous monastic Vosgian territories and other lands, which had belonged to the Diocese of Toul. Until the French Revolution, the diocese was a suffragan of Trier.

The diocese was transformed by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy in 1790 and officially called of Vosges and especially of Epinal: it had indeed been established in the new departamental area. Nevertheless, it was sometimes referred to at that period as the diocese of Saint-Dié, because the bishop Monsieur de Chaumont decided to stay and keep his episcopal seat. During the Revolutionary period it was suppressed, after an overnight flight by the bishop.

The Holy See and the French Republic, represented by Napoléon Bonaparte, validated this state of fact as many others in the peaceful Concordat of 1801. It was decided to give this territory to the diocese of Nancy. The King Louis XVIII and Roman Catholic ecclesiastics later restored it in name by the Concordat of 1817, but local Christians waited much later, after a papal bull of 6 October 1822, and a royal ordinance of 13 January 1823, as a suffragan of Besançon. According to a principle sanctioned by this last Concordat, the diocesan boundaries were realigned, however, to follow those of the civil department of the Vosges.

The Franco-German War closed by the Treaty of Frankfurt (1871) removed eighteen communes in the valley of the River Bruche from the department of the Vosges and the diocese of Saint-Dié, adding them respectively to Nieder-Elsass (Bas-Rhin) and the Diocese of Strasbourg.

Louis-Marie Caverot, Archbishop of Lyon (1876–1884), who was appointed a Cardinal by Pope Pius IX in 1877, had been Bishop of Saint-Dié from 1849 to 1876.

Religious of the diocese

Elizabeth de Ranfaing (born at Remiremont, 1592; died 1649) founded in the Diocese of Toul the congregation of Our Lady of Refuge; Catherine de Bar (b. at Saint-Dié, 1614; d. 1698), known as Mére Mechtilde of the Blessed Sacrament, at first an Annunciade nun and then a Benedictine, founded at Paris, in 1654, the Order of the Benedictines of the Perpetual Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. Elizabeth Brem (1609–68), known as Mother Benedict of the Passion, a Benedictine nun at Rambervillers, established in that monastery the Institute of the Perpetual Adoration. Venerable Jean-Martin Moye (1730–1793), founder in Lorraine of the Congrégation de la Providence for the instruction of young girls and apostle of Sichuan, was director for a brief period of the seminary of Saint-Dié, and established at Essegney, in the diocese, one of the first novitiates of the Soeurs de la Providence (hospitallers and teachers), whose mother-house at Portieux ruled over a large number of houses before the Law of 1901. The Congregation of the Soeurs du Divin-Redempteur was authorized in 1854, and had its mother-house at Épinal.

Grandclaude, a village teacher who was sent to the Roman College in 1857 by Bishop Caverot, contributed, when a professor in the grand seminaire of Saint-Dié, to the revival of canon law studies in France.

Religious institutions in the diocese up to 1905

There were in the diocese before the application of the Law of 1901 (Association loi de 1901), directed toward congregations: Augustianian Canons of Lateran; Clerks Regular of Our Saviour; Eudistes; Franciscans, Fathers of the Holy Ghost and the Holy Heart of Mary and various teaching orders of brothers. A number of these refused, or were unable, to comply with the provisions of the law, and had to leave France. Among the congregations of nuns founded in the diocese may be mentioned the Soeurs de l'Instruction chrétienne de la Providence, the Soeurs du Pauvre Enfant Jésus (also known as the Soeurs de la bienfaisance chrétienne), teachers and hospitallers, founded in 1854 at Chemoy l'Orgueilleux; the mother-house was transferred to Remiremont.

At the close of the nineteenth century the religious congregations in the diocese directed 7 créchés, 55-day nurseries, 1 orphanage for boys and girls; 19 girls' orphanages, 13 workshops, 1 house of refuge; 4 houses for the assistance of the poor, 36 hospitals or hospices, 11 houses of nuns devoted to the care of the sick in their own homes and 1 insane asylum. The diocese of Saint-Dié had in 1905 (at the time of the rupture of the Concordat), 421,104 inhabitants in 32 parishes, 354 succursal parishes and 49 vicariates supported by the State.

Saints of the diocese

Further information: Remiremont Abbey

In addition to the saints mentioned above, and some bishops of Nancy and Toul, the following are honoured in the Diocese of Saint-Dié:

• Sigebert III, Merovingian King of Austrasia (630–656)
• Saint Germain, a hermit near Remiremont, a martyr, who died Abbot of Grandval, near Basel (618–670)
• Saint Hunna, a penitent at Saint-Dié (d. about 672)
• Saint Modesta, a nun at Remiremont, afterwards foundress and abbess of the monastery of Horren at Trier (seventh century)
• Saint Simeon, Bishop of Metz (eighth century), whose relics are preserved at Senones
• Saint Goéry, Bishop of Metz (d. about 642), whose relics are preserved at Epinal and who is the patron of the butchers of the town
• Saint William and Saint Achery, hermits near Ste. Marie aux Mines
• Richardis (wife of Charles the Fat), who died as Abbess of Andlau in Alsace
• Blessed Joan of Arc, b. at Domrémy in the diocese
• Saint Pierre Fourier (b. at Méricourt, 1565; d. 1640), curé of Mattaincourt, who founded the Order of Notre-Dame
• Venerable Mére Alix le Clerc (b. at Remiremont, 1576; d. 1622)

Pilgrimages of the diocese

The principal pilgrimages of the diocese are: Notre-Dame de Saint-Dié, at Saint-Dié, at the place where Saint Dié erected his first sanctuary; Notre-Dame du Trésor, at Remiremont; Notre-Dame de Consolation, at Epinal; Notre-Dame de la Brosse, at Bains; Notre-Dame de Bermont, near Domrémy, the sanctuary at which Joan of Arc prayed; and the tomb of Saint Peter Fourier at Mattaincourt. The remains of Brother Joseph Formet (1724–1784, known as the hermit of Ventron), are the object of a pilgrimage.

Bishops

• Bartholomée Louis Martin de Chaumont de la Galasière (1777 – 1801)

The diocese was suppressed in 1801; erected again in 1817

Bishop Jean-Paul Mary Mathieu

• Jacques-Alexis Jacquemin (1823 – 1830)
• Jacques-Marie-Antoine-Célestin du Pont (9 May 1830 – 1835)
• Jean-Joseph-Marie-Eugène de Jerphanion (1 May 1835 – 1842
• Jean-Nicaise Gros (15 Jul 1842 – 1844)
• Daniel-Victor Manglard (21 Apr 1844 – 1849)
• Louis-Marie Caverot (16 Mar 1849 – 1876
• Albert-Marie-Camille de Briey (20 Apr 1876 – 10 Nov 1888 Died)
• Etienne-Marie-Alphonse Sonnois (21 Dec 1889 – 1892
• Alphonse-Gabriel-Pierre Foucault (3 Jan 1893 – 28 May 1930 Died)
• Louis-Augustin Marmottin (2 Aug 1930 – 21 Aug 1940 Appointed, Archbishop of Reims)
• Emile-Arsène Blanchet (6 Oct 1940 – 10 Oct 1946 Resigned)
• Henri-René-Adrien Brault (29 Sep 1947 – 11 Jul 1964 Died)
• Jean-Félix-Albert-Marie Vilnet (24 Sep 1964 – 13 Aug 1983 Appointed, Bishop of Lille)
• Paul-Marie Joseph André Guillaume (29 Oct 1984 – 14 Dec 2005 Retired)
• Jean-Paul Mary Mathieu (14 Dec 2005 – 15 June 2016 Retired)
• Didier Berthet (15 June 2016 – 8 September 2023 Died)

Sources

• Duchesne, Louis (1915). Fastes episcopaux de l'ancienne Gaule. Vol. III: Les provinces du Nord et de l'Est. (in French). Paris: A. Fontemoing, 1915.
• Gams, Pius Bonifatius (1873). Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae: quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo (in Latin). Ratisbon: Typis et Sumptibus Georgii Josephi Manz. p. 617.
• Gravier, N. F. (1836). Histoire De La Ville Episcopale Et De L'Arrondissement De Saint-Die. Epinal: Gerard, 1836.
• Lepage, Henri; Charton, Charles (1845). Le département des Vosges: statistique historique et administrative. (in French). Volume 2. Nancy: Peiffer, 1845. pp. 446-456.
• Martin, Eugène (1903). Histoire des diocèses de Toul, de Nancy & de Saint-Dié. (in French). Nancy: A. Crépin-Leblond, 1903. Vol. 3: Du démembrement en trois diocèses à la modification des circonscriptions diocésaines après la guerre franco-allemande.
• Mason, Frank H. (1892). "The Baptismal Font of America," in: Harper's New Monthly Magazine Vol. 85, no. 509 (New York: October 1892), pp. 651-669.
• Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1958). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi (in Latin). Vol. VI (1730-1799). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. p. 193. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
• Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1968). Hierarchia Catholica medii et recentioris aevi (in Latin). Vol. VII (1800–1846). Monasterii: Libr. Regensburgiana.
• Remigius Ritzler; Pirminus Sefrin (1978). Hierarchia catholica Medii et recentioris aevi (in Latin). Vol. VIII (1846–1903). Il Messaggero di S. Antonio.
• Pięta, Zenon (2002). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi (in Latin). Vol. IX (1903–1922). Padua: Messagero di San Antonio. ISBN 978-88-250-1000-8.
• Valance, Roger (ed.). La dédicace et la consécration de la cathédrale Saint-Dié, 28-29 septembre 1974: Deuxième centenaire du diocèse, 26-27 novembre 1977. (in French). Saint-Dié: Diocèse de Saint-Dié, 1974.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Saint-Dié". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.