Binnya Kyan

Binnya Kyan
ဗညားကျန်း
Binnya Kyan ; ဗညားကျန်း
King of Hanthawaddy
Reign	30 May 1451 – c. June 1453
Predecessor	Binnya Waru
Successor	Leik Munhtaw
Born	c. 1420
Died	c. June 1453; Pegu
Father	Binnya Dhammaraza
Religion	Theravada Buddhism

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Binnya Kyan (Burmese: ဗညားကျန်း, pronounced [bəɲá dʑáɰ̃]; c. 1420–1453) was the 13th king of the Hanthawaddy Pegu Kingdom in Burma from 1451 to 1453. Binnya Kyan, son of King Binnya Dhammaraza, came to power after assassinating his cousin King Binnya Waru in 1451. One notable project of his reign was the raising of the height of Shwedagon Pagoda to 92 metres (302 ft) from 20 metres (66 ft).^[1] The king himself was murdered in 1453 by his first cousin Leik Munhtaw who seized the throne. Despite his raising of the height of the Shwedagon, the king murdered so many of his rivals that by the time he himself was murdered, his killer, first cousin Leik Munhtaw was the last living male descendant of King Razadarit.

Historiography

Various Burmese chronicles do not agree on the key dates of the king's life.

Chronicles	Birth–Death	Age	Reign	Length of reign	Reference
Maha Yazawin	not reported	not reported	June 1450 – 1451/52 and 1450/51–1453/54	1 and 3	^{[note 2]}
Slapat Rajawan	c. 1436–1463/64	27	1459/60–1463/64	3	^[2]
Hmannan Yazawin	not reported	not reported	June 1450 – 1452/53 and 1450/51–1453/54	2 and 3	^{[note 3]}
Mon Yazawin (Shwe Naw)		27		3	^[3]

Notes

^ The chronicle Mon Yazawin (Shwe Naw 1922: 55) says he died at age 27 (28th year) in 1445 after having reigned for 3 years, meaning he was born c. 1417/18. But the chronicle also says he was younger than his predecessor Binnya Waru by two years. Since Binnya Waru was born in 1418/19 per Hmannan Yazawin, Binnya Kyan was probably born around 1420/21.
^ Maha Yazawin is inconsistent. (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 81) says he reigned between 812 ME (1450/51) and 813 ME (1451/52). But in its summary section of Hanthawaddy kings, (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 140), the chronicle says he reigned between 812 ME and 815 ME (1453/54).
^ Hmannan Yazawin is inconsistent. (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 91) says he reigned between 812 ME (1450/51) and 814 ME (1452/53). But in its summary section of Hanthawaddy kings, (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 185), the chronicle says he reigned between 812 ME and 815 ME (1453/54).

References

^ Harvey 1925: 112–117
^ Schmidt 1906: 131
^ Shwe Naw 1922: 55

Bibliography

Athwa, Sayadaw (1766). "Slapat des Ragawan der Königsgeschichte". Die äthiopischen Handschriften der K.K. Hofbibliothek zu Wien (in German). 151. Translated by P.W. Schmidt (1906 ed.). Vienna: Alfred Hölder.
Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
Kala, U (1724). Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
Pan Hla, Nai (1968). Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing, 2005 ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1883). History of Burma (1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta.
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
Shwe Naw, ed. (1785). Mon Yazawin (Shwe Naw) (in Burmese). Translated by Shwe Naw (1922 ed.). Yangon: Burma Publishing Workers Association Press.

Regnal titles
Binnya Kyan Hanthawaddy Dynasty Born: c. 1420 Died: June 1453
Preceded by Binnya Waru	King of Hanthawaddy 1451–1453	Succeeded by Leik Munhtaw

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[1] The chronicle Mon Yazawin (Shwe Naw 1922: 55) says he died at age 27 (28th year) in 1445 after having reigned for 3 years, meaning he was born c. 1417/18. But the chronicle also says he was younger than his predecessor Binnya Waru by two years. Since Binnya Waru was born in 1418/19 per Hmannan Yazawin, Binnya Kyan was probably born around 1420/21.

[3] Maha Yazawin is inconsistent. (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 81) says he reigned between 812 ME (1450/51) and 813 ME (1451/52). But in its summary section of Hanthawaddy kings, (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 140), the chronicle says he reigned between 812 ME and 815 ME (1453/54).

[5] Hmannan Yazawin is inconsistent. (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 91) says he reigned between 812 ME (1450/51) and 814 ME (1452/53). But in its summary section of Hanthawaddy kings, (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 185), the chronicle says he reigned between 812 ME and 815 ME (1453/54).

[geh-112-117-2] Harvey 1925: 112–117

[pws-131-4] Schmidt 1906: 131

[sn-55-6] Shwe Naw 1922: 55

[note 1]

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[note 2]

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[note 3]

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v t e Burmese monarchs
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Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1364	Athinkhaya¹, Yazathingyan¹ and Thihathu¹ Thihathu Uzana I Sithu¹ Kyawswa I Kyawswa II Narathu Uzana II
Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1364	Saw Yun Tarabya I Anawrahta I Kyaswa Anawrahta II Tarabya II Minbyauk Thihapate
Kingdom of Ava 1364–1555	Thado Minbya Swa Saw Ke Tarabya Minkhaung I Thihathu Min Hla Kale Kye-Taung Nyo Mohnyin Thado Minye Kyawswa I Narapati I Thihathura Minkhaung II and Thihathura II Narapati II Sawlon³ and Thohanbwa³ Hkonmaing³ Narapati III³ Narapati IV³
Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552	Wareru Hkun Law Saw O Saw Zein Zein Pun Saw E Binnya E Law Binnya U Maha Dewi¹ Razadarit Binnya Dhammaraza Binnya Ran I Binnya Waru Binnya Kyan Leik Munhtaw Shin Sawbu Dhammazedi Binnya Ran II Takayutpi Smim Sawhtut⁴ Smim Htaw⁴
Mrauk U Kingdom 1429–1785	Saw Mon Khayi Ba Saw Phyu Dawlya Ba Saw Nyo Ran Aung Salingathu Raza Gazapati Saw O Thazata Minkhaung Min Bin Dikkha Saw Hla Sekkya Phalaung Razagyi Khamaung Thiri Thudhamma Sanay Narapati Thado Sanda Thudhamma Thiri Thuriya Wara Dhammaraza Muni Thudhammaraza Sanda Thuriya I Nawrahta Mayuppiya Kalamandat Naradipati Sanda Wimala I Sanda Thuriya II Sanda Wizaya Sanda Thuriya III Naradipati II Narapawara Sanda Wizala Madarit Nara Apaya Thirithu Sanda Parama Apaya Sanda Thumana Sanda Wimala II Sanda Thaditha Maha Thammada
Prome Kingdom 1482–1542	Thado Minsaw Bayin Htwe Narapati⁵ Minkhaung⁵
Toungoo dynasty 1510–1752	Mingyi Nyo Tabinshwehti Bayinnaung Nanda Nyaungyan Anaukpetlun Minye Deibba Thalun Pindale Pye Narawara Minye Kyawhtin Sanay Min Taninganway Min Mahadhammaraza Dipadi
Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1740–1757	Smim Htaw Buddhaketi Binnya Dala
Konbaung dynasty 1752–1885	Alaungpaya Naungdawgyi Hsinbyushin Singu Phaungka Bodawpaya Bagyidaw Tharrawaddy Pagan Mindon Thibaw
¹ Regent or Co-Regent ² Mongol vassal (1297) ³ Confederation of Shan States (1527–55) ⁴ Brief revival (1550–52) ⁵ Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)