August 1956
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August 1956 was the eighth month of that leap year. The month which began on a Wednesday and ended on a Friday after 31 days
The following events occurred in August 1956:
- The UK's Foreign Secretary Selwyn Lloyd, U.S. Ambassador Robert D. Murphy and French Foreign Affairs Minister Christian Pineau meet at 10 Downing Street to discuss the Suez Crisis.[1]
- UK Opposition leader Hugh Gaitskell, says of the nationalisation of the Suez Canal by Egypt: "It is all very familiar. It is exactly the same that we encountered from Mussolini and Hitler in those years before the war."[2]
- Died: Albert Woolson, 106, US centenarian, last surviving Union veteran of the American Civil War[3]
- The US athlete Willie Williams breaks the world record for the Men's 100 metres, finishing in 10.1 seconds in an event at Berlin, Germany.[4]
- Columbia Pictures releases its 57th and last film serial, Blazing the Overland Trail, starring Lee Roberts.[5]
- Ira Murchison of the US equals the 100 metres world record set the day before by his compatriot Willie Williams in Berlin.[4]
- The 1956 German Grand Prix is held at Nürburgring and is won by Juan Manuel Fangio. The event was attended by future King of Spain Juan Carlos, who was supporting his relative Alfonso de Portago.[6]
- "Columbus Geneva Steel" #35, the last major diesel locomotive constructed by Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton at Eddystone, Pennsylvania, United States, is shipped to its purchaser.[7]
- In the UK, a severe hailstorm in Arundel, Sussex, causes a blockage of the A27 trunk road.[8]
- US baseball player Ted Williams spits at a mocking fan during a game. He would be fined $5,000 for his conduct.[9]
- Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury, France's Defence Minister, obtains support from Israel for a joint attack on Suez.[10]
- An explosion occurs in Cali, Colombia, caused by the explosion of seven ammunition trucks loaded with 1053 boxes of dynamite, parked in Cali overnight. The country's president, General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, blames the opposition. Death estimates range from 1,300 to 10,000, in a city that at the time had merely 120,000 inhabitants.[11]
- Fire breaks out at the Bois du Cazier mine in Marcinelle, Belgium. 262 miners are killed, workers of twelve different nationalities; more than half are Italian.[12]
- About 20,000 women join a protest march in Pretoria, South Africa, directed against the country's pass laws.[13]
- The exhibition This Is Tomorrow, featuring the ICA Independent Group of artists and inspired by the theories of Marshall McLuhan, opens at Whitechapel Art Gallery in London. The collaborators include Richard Hamilton, John Voelcker, John McHale and Magda Cordell.[14]
- Russian composer Igor Stravinsky obtains an audience with Giuseppe Cardinal Roncalli, who, as Archbishop of Venice, gives permission for the performance of Stravinsky's Canticum Sacrum in St Mark's Cathedral. The piece was dedicated by Stravinsky "To the City of Venice, in praise of its Patron Saint, the Blessed Mark, Apostle". He conducted the performance himself, a month later.[15]
- Born : Michel Vigné, French voice actor
- 1956 Murray River flood: Following higher than average rainfall in Western Queensland and three months of heavy rain in the Murray-Darling basin,[16] flood waters move down the Murray and Darling and peak at Merbein in Victoria[17] and 12.3 metres (40 ft) at Morgan in South Australia.
- Died:
- Jackson Pollock, 44, US artist, killed in a car crash, along with a passenger, while driving under the influence of alcohol[18]
- Hurricane Betsy makes landfall in Puerto Rico, the first Atlantic hurricane to strike the island for 24 years. Extensive damage is caused in Aibonito, Comerío and Jayuya; the worst damage is in Yabucoa. Sixteen people are killed.[19]
- Around 5,000 members of the banned Romanian Greek-Catholic Church protest outside Cluj-Napoca Piarists' Church to demonstrate that despite the regime's claims their church survives. Fr. Vasile Chindriș preaches a sermon criticizing the Communist leadership, and all priests involved in the protest are later arrested and imprisoned.
- The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship and All-Ireland Football Championship finals are postponed because of an outbreak of polio which has already affected 90 people in Cork.[20]
- Lakenheath-Bentwaters incident: Air bases in eastern England, UK, belonging to Britain's RAF and the US Air Force, experience a number of suspected UFO sightings.[21]
- British swimmer Brenda Fisher swims Lake Ontario in a record time of 18 hours 51 minutes.[22]
- The Dutch coaster Hondsrug sinks 10 nautical miles (19 km) north of Fyn, Denmark; five of the seven people on board are killed.[23]
- Irish novelist Iris Murdoch marries English academic John Bayley at Oxford register office.[24]
- Died: Bertolt Brecht, 58, German playwright (heart attack)[25]
- Born: Lorraine Desmarais, Canadian jazz pianist, in Montreal[26]
- Representatives of the major countries that use the Suez Canal meet in London to discuss the future ownership and operation of the canal. Egypt does not attend the talks, which last until 23 August.[27]
- Died: Bela Lugosi, 73, Hungarian actor best known for playing Dracula[28]
- At the close of the 1956 Democratic National Convention at Chicago in the United States, Adlai Stevenson II is nominated as presidential candidate, with 65.9% of the vote. Estes Kefauver is selected as vice-presidential candidate.[29]
- The Communist Party of Germany is banned by the Federal Constitutional Court of West Germany because of its methods.[30]
- Ho Chi Minh and other officials make a public apology for problems with North Vietnam's land reform program. The estimated number of "landlords" killed since 1954 is between 3,000 and 50,000; 12,000 are released from prisons after the government's apology.[31]
- The Metropolitan Police Murder Squad takes over the investigation of the activities of British doctor John Bodkin Adams, "probably the wealthiest GP in England".[32] Adams was later tried and acquitted, and would return to medical practice within five years.
- A touring English cricket team, under the name "Free Foresters", begins a 2-day match against The Netherlands; it ends in a draw.[33]
- The British coaster Traquair sinks 36 nautical miles (67 km) off Aldeburgh, Suffolk, UK. All eleven crew members are rescued.[34]
- Fire breaks out on the U.S. fishing vessel Argus at Ketchikan, Territory of Alaska, destroying the vessel.[35]
- After his appearance at the Newport Jazz Festival in the United States, musician Duke Ellington appears on the cover of Time magazine.[36]
- Born: Joan Allen, American actress, in Rochelle, Illinois
- Born: Kim Cattrall, English-born Canadian actress, in Liverpool, UK[37]
- Fighter planes from the People's Republic of China shoot down a Japan-based U.S. Navy aircraft as it flies a night reconnaissance mission over the Taiwan Strait; all 16 aboard are killed.[38][39]
- The Martin JRM Mars flying boat makes its final passenger flight, piloted by U.S. Navy Lieutenant Commander Virgil Solomon, lands the Marianas Mars at Alameda, California, United States, at the end of a flight from Honolulu, Hawaii.[40]
- At the close of the 1956 Republican National Convention in San Francisco, United States, incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower is nominated for re-election, with incumbent vice-president, Richard M. Nixon as his running mate. Nat King Cole is among the speakers at the convention.[41]
- A United States Army Shawnee helicopter makes the first non-stop helicopter flight across the United States mainland, having flown 2,610 miles (4,203 km) from San Diego, California, to Washington, D.C.[42]
- A five-stage, solid-fuel rocket test vehicle, the world's first, is launched to a speed of Mach 15 by the NACA Langley Aeronautical Laboratory's Pilotless Aircraft Research Division.[43]
- Died: Kenji Mizoguchi, 58, Japanese film director (leukemia)
- At Jasna Góra Monastery, an estimated million pilgrims take the Jasna Góra "Oaths of the Polish Nation", interpreted as an anti-Communist protest.[44]
- Died: Alfred Kinsey, 62, US sex researcher (heart ailment and pneumonia)[45]
- The Wisconsin 250 motor race is held at Wisconsin State Fair Park Speedway, United States, and is won by Jimmy Bryan, who would end the 1956 USAC Championship Car season as National Champion.[46]
- CS Dinamo București becomes the first Romanian team to participate in the European Cup football tournament, defeating Galatasaray Istanbul at the National Stadium in Bucharest.[47]
- The "Clinton Twelve" (Jo Ann Allen, Bobby Cain, Theresser Caswell, Minnie Ann Dickey, Gail Ann Epps, Ronald Hayden, William Latham, Alvah J. McSwain, Maurice Soles, Robert Thacker, Regina Turner and Alfred Williams) attend classes at Clinton High School, Clinton, Tennessee, becoming the first African-American students to desegregate a state-supported public school in the Southeast United States.[48]
- In Egypt, British diplomat John-McGlashan, businessman James Swinburn, and a Maltese citizen, James Zarb, are detained by the authorities and accused of spying.[49]
- Born: Luis Guzmán, Puerto Rican-American actor and producer[50]
- Born GG Allin, controversial American punk musician, in Lancaster, New Hampshire (died 1993)
- Mansfield school desegregation incident: The mayor and police chief of Mansfield, Texas, join a crowd of about 300 white protesters in front of Mansfield High School, in an attempt was to prevent the enrollment of the three black students.[51]
- Born:
- Masashi Tashiro, Japanese entertainer, in Saga Prefecture
- Tsai Ing-wen, President of Taiwan, in Zhongshan District, Taipei
References
[edit]- ^ Le Canal de Suez et la nationalisation par le Colonel Nasser, Les Actualité Française – AF, 08.01.1956 [dead link]
- ^ Turner, Barry Suez 1956, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2006, pp. 231–232.
- ^ "James A. Hard Obituary".
- ^ a b revisionist history: men's 100 WR. Track and Field News. November 1, 2013
- ^ Harmon, Jim; Donald F. Glut (1973). "12. The Westerns "Who Was That Masked Man!"". The Great Movie Serials: Their Sound and Fury. Routledge. p. 320. ISBN 978-0-7130-0097-9.
- ^ Födisch, Jörg Thomas; Völker, Bernhard; Behrndt, Michael (2008). Der große Preis von Deutschland. Alle Rennen seit 1926. Königswinter: HEEL Verlag. p. 75. ISBN 9783868520439.
- ^ Marx, Thomas G. (1976), "Technological Change and the Theory of the Firm: The American Locomotive Industry, 1920–1955", Business History Review (50.1): 5–18.
- ^ "The IoS weather lists (part 2)". Independent. 8 August 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
- ^ Montville, Leigh (2004). Ted Williams: The Biography of an American Hero. New York: Doubleday. p. 198. ISBN 0-385-50748-8.
- ^ Neff, Donald Warriors at Suez, pp. 295–296.
- ^ "LA EXPLOSIÓN DE CALI: AGOSTO 7 DE 1956". Revista Credencial (in Spanish). 2016-09-16. Retrieved 2019-03-21.
- ^ "1956: Fire traps 262 miners". The History Channel. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
- ^ "The 1956 Women's March, Pretoria, 9 August". South African History Online. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
- ^ John-Paul Stonard (2007), ""Pop in the Age of Boom: Richard Hamilton's 'Just what is it that makes today's homes so different, so appealing?'"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-25., The Burlington Magazine, September 2007
- ^ Stein, Erwin. 1956. “Igor Strawinsky: Canticum Sacrum ad honorem Sancti Marci Nominis.” Tempo 40 (Summer): 3–5.
- ^ "Past droughts and floods". State Library of South Australia. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2007.
- ^ "1956 Murray River Floods". Discover Murray Mallee. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
- ^ Varnedoe, Kirk and Karmel, Pepe, Jackson Pollock: Essays, Chronology, and Bibliography, Exhibition catalog, New York: The Museum of Modern Art, Chronology, p. 328, 1998, ISBN 0-87070-069-3
- ^ David Roth (2008-09-28). "Hurricane Betsy - August 11-13, 1956". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
- ^ "The 1956 polio epidemic in Cork". History Ireland. 20 February 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
- ^ Ridpath, I. The UFO Conspiracy, The Sunday Times, 19 March 1978
- ^ "Brenda Fisher". Solo Swims of Ontario Inc. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
- ^ "Five Lost From Dutch Coaster". The Times. No. 53610. London. 15 August 1956. col B, p. 5.
- ^ Graeme Archer (2015-01-23). "The secrets of Iris Murdoch and John Bayley's unconventional marriage". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
- ^ "Britannica". Retrieved 24 May 2015.
- ^ "Lorraine Desmarais". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. 15 December 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
- ^ "Compromise-Minded Conferees". Life. 27 August 1956. p. 43. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
- ^ Rhodes, Gary Don (1997). Lugosi: His Life in Films, on Stage, and in the Hearts of Horror Lovers. McFarland. p. 36. ISBN 0786402571.
- ^ Democratic Party Platform of 1956 at The American Presidency Project
- ^ Eric D. Weitz, Creating German Communism, 1890-1990: From Popular Protests to Socialist State. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997
- ^ Logevall, p. 633; Doyle et al., p. 111
- ^ Cullen, Pamela V. (2006). A Stranger in Blood: The Case Files on Dr John Bodkin Adams. London: Elliott & Thompson. ISBN 1-904027-19-9.
- ^ "Free Foresters in Netherlands, 1956". cricinfo. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
- ^ "Crew Saved From Sinking Ship". The Times. No. 53614. London. 20 August 1956. col A, p. 3.
- ^ "Alaska Shipwrecks (A) – Alaska Shipwrecks". Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ "Time Magazine Cover". DUKE ELLINGTON SOCIETY OF SWEDEN. 19 August 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
- ^ Miles, Tina (9 June 2008). "Sex and the City star Kim Cattrall: Why I'm so proud to be a Scouser". Liverpool Echo.
- ^ Isenberg, Michael T., Shield of the Republic: The United States Navy in an Era of Cold War and Violent Peace, Volume I: 1945-1962, New York: St. Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-09911-8, p. 615.
- ^ "Official U.S. Navy Web site for Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadron One (VQ-1): History: A New Navy Squadron". Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
- ^ "Chronology of Significant Events in Naval Aviation: "Naval Air Transport" 1941 -- 1999". Archived from the original on 2016-03-31. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
- ^ Republican Party platform of 1956 at The American Presidency Project
- ^ Haulman, Daniel L. (2003). One Hundred Years of Flight: USAF Chronology of Significant Air and Space Events, 1903-2002 (PDF). Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press. p. 79. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 22, 2004.
- ^
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Grimwood, James M. "Part 1 (A) Major Events Leading to Project Mercury March 1944 through December 1957". Project Mercury - A Chronology. NASA Special Publication-4001. NASA. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ^ Zachariasz S Jablonski (1996). "The pilgrim movement to Jasna Gora in Czestochowa". Peregrinus Cracoviensis. ISSN 1425-1922.
- ^ "Dr. Kinsey is Dead; Sex Researcher, 62". New York Times. August 26, 1956.
- ^ Åberg, Andreas. "USAC National Championship 1956". Driver Database. Archived from the original on 2012-09-08. Retrieved 2009-05-12.
- ^ www.romaniansoccer.ro
- ^ Carroll Van West, "Clinton Desegregation Crisis." The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, 2009. Retrieved: 11 February 2013.
- ^ "John McGlashan". Telegraph. 10 September 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
- ^ Berumen, Frank Javier Garcia (2016). Latino Image Makers in Hollywood: Performers, Filmmakers and Films Since the 1960s. McFarland. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-4766-1411-3.
- ^ "TSHA | Mansfield School Desegregation Incident".
