Astemir (outlaw)
Astemir | |
|---|---|
| Native name | Аьстамар |
| Allegiance | Caucasian Imamate |
| Rank | Naib |
| Battles / wars | Caucasian War
|
Astemir (Chechen/Ingush: Аьстамар, romanized: Ästamar; fl. 1822–1825) was an Orstkhoy outlaw (abrek) and governor (naib) in Caucasian Imamate. Astemir was the companion and brother-in-law of Beibulat Taimiev. In 1825, even participating in uprising of Chechnya. He was a prominent figure, leading the units of outlaws in raids on the Imperial Russian Caucasian Line.
Background
[edit]Astemir was of Orstkhoy ethnic background.[1][2][3][note 2] Astemir was married to the sister of Beibulat Taimiev, therefore he was his brother-in-law.[5] The family lived in a slum in a dense forest, at the foot of the Black Mountains, eight versts away from the small village of Uzeni-Yurt, located on the banks of Argun River.[1] He used Uzeni-Yurt as his meeting place to gather outlaws for his raids.[2]
Raids
[edit]In 1822, Astemir with his detachment failed tried to rob Grozny fortress and steal the livestock – he rushed instead to the Stary-Yurt and evicted 191 families out, together with all their livestock and property. Aleksey Yermolov was outraged by the accident and commanded Nikolai Grekov to burn down all the empty houses of Stary-Yurt. He also blamed the commendant of redoubt of Stary-Yurt for his inaction; Nikolai Grekov and Artamon Chernov were also blamed.[6]
After the successful victory of Beibulat Taimiev at Khankala Gorge in 1825 against Russian forces under leadership of Sorchan, he planned to take eventual control of Grozny fortress. Thus, Astemir with a hundred desperate men made an expedition to Nadterechny villages, while Beibulat made one to Nazran. This operation utterly failed as Nadterechny Chechens didn't uprise and Astemir retreated beyond Sunzha River with a small amount of livestock stolen.[7]
On Summer of 1827, Astemir helped Beibulat Taimiev gather a partisan detachment of 700 men. The detachment later in 21 August of the same year destroyed a Cossack outpost on Terek River and in 17 September tried to take control of Grozny but were defeated.[3]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Potto 1889.
- ^ a b Dubrovin 1891.
- ^ a b Karpeev 1997, p. 169.
- ^ Anchabadze 2009, p. 48.
- ^ Potto, Anosov & Tomkeev 1904, p. 307.
- ^ Potto, Anosov & Tomkeev 1904, p. 308.
- ^ Potto, Anosov & Tomkeev 1904, pp. 352–353.
Bibliography
[edit]- Anchabadze, G. Z. (2009). Gelashvili, N. (ed.). The Vainakhs (the Chechen and Ingush) (PDF). Translated by Paichadze, T. (2nd ed.). Tbilisi: Kavkasiuri saxli. pp. 1–122.
- Dubrovin, N. F. (1891). "Из истории войны и владычества русских на Кавказе (Кази-мулла, как родоначальник мюридизма и газавата)" [From the history of war and Russian rule in the Caucasus (Kazi-mullah as the founder of muridism and ghazavat)]. Voenny Sbornik (in Russian). No. 3. SPb.: Tip. Gl. upr. udelov.
- Karpeev, I. V. (1997). "Абреки" [Abreks]. In Kaziev, Sh. M.; et al. (eds.). Шамиль: Иллюстрированная энциклопедия [Shamil: Illustrated Encyclopedia] (in Russian). Mosvka: Ēkho Kavkaza. pp. 169–170. ISBN 5-900054-01-2.
- Potto, V. A. (1889). [Caucasian War, Vol. 5: The Time of Paskevich, or the Revolt of Chechnya] (in Russian). Tiflis: Tip. Okruzhnogo shtaba Kavkazskogo veonnogo okruga. pp. 1–320 – via Wikisource.
- Potto, V. A.; Anosov, N. S.; Tomkeev, V. I. (1904). Potto, V. A. (ed.). Утверждение русского владычества на Кавказе [The assertion of Russian rule in the Caucasus]. Vol. 3: Part 1. Tiflis: Tip. shtaba Kavkazskogo veonnogo okruga. pp. 1–527.