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Articulated buses in the United Kingdom

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Mercedes-Benz O530 Citaro G in London

Articulated buses, colloquially known as "bendy buses", were rarely used in the United Kingdom compared to other countries, until the turn of the millennium. [according to whom?] This was due to a preference for the double-decker bus for use on high capacity routes.[according to whom?] In June 2006, there were over 500 articulated buses in the United Kingdom,[1] although they were still heavily outnumbered by double deckers. The majority of this fleet was used in London, although these buses would be withdrawn by end of 2011.[2]

History

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Until 1980 articulated buses were illegal for British roads due to their length. Following an exemption, the first trials in the UK used vehicles by MAN and Leyland-DAB.

MAN Bendibus, 1979

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The first to carry passengers on a scheduled service (albeit without charge, due to regulations) was a MAN Bendibus demonstrator with City of Oxford Motor Services in late 1979.[3] The South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (SYPTE) purchased ten MANs off lease in 1979, in an order split between MAN and Leyland-DAB articulated buses. Only five of the MANs were delivered and no further orders followed, with the buses returning off lease in 1981. These were the first articulated buses to be purchased by the PTE and the services were branded as the 'Cityliner', painted in a white, green and red livery.[4]

Leyland-DAB, 1979

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Leyland-DAB articulated buses, built by the British-Danish joint venture, Leyland-DAB bus, in Denmark,[5] were the most intensively trialled first-generation vehicles introduced to the UK. Four models of their National bodied buses were imported, and used on extended trial by South Yorkshire PTE in 1979, returned to the lessor in 1981.[4] These vehicles wore a green, red and cream livery, and while in SYPTE service, were also demonstrated to other UK operators including Maidstone Borough Council Transport. Four examples was also purchased by private London operator Capital Citybus in 1994 from British Airways, receiving route blinds and markings for Red Arrow service. Ultimately, Capital Citybus did not gain the contract, and the Leyland-DABs were never used.[6]

Two of these National types were later sold to McGill's Bus Services of Barrhead originally for its Barrhead-Paisley-Renfrew service, and later for its Barrhead-Glasgow service after a weight limit prevented their continued use on the Paisley service, with the others going to Hampshire Bus in Winchester. Some later saw use as airport buses with British Airways, and then as non-PSV exhibit buses (in 2008).[citation needed]

Following the trials and demonstrations, no UK operators decided to place orders for the Leyland DABs, except for South Yorkshire Transport in 1985, the bus operating company now divested from the SYPTE. SYT placed an order for 13 buses of the DAB bodied type, ten of which saw service both a blue and cream liveried City Clipper circular service, while three wore branding for the X91 Fastline route. These buses survived privatisation of the passenger transport executives and saw service with the privatised operator Mainline Buses in Sheffield and Rotherham lasting in Mainline service until 1999.[4] One of these buses were loaned for demonstration to London Buses' Selkent division in 1992, operating predominantly on route 180 from Catford garage, having previously been demonstrated with Irish state operator CIÉ.[6]

Mercedes Benz O405, 1992

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A single Alexander-bodied articulated Mercedes-Benz O405G was delivered to Grampian Regional Transport, the forerunner of FirstGroup, in November 1992. Assigned the fleet number RT1 and cherished registration K1 GRT, the 17.6 metres (58 ft) bus featured air conditioning and on-board passenger information as well as a capacity for 60 seated and 50 standing passengers,[7] and would survive as a unique member of the First Aberdeen fleet as fleet number 10046.

Modern era

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Scania L94UA with First Greater Manchester

Towards the new millennium, interest was revived in the more advanced, lighter, low-floor designs being introduced, and the first second-generation articulated buses were introduced by First Greater Manchester in 1998/1999 on route 135. Articulated buses were first introduced in London in the early 2000s. Later, FirstGroup, in collaboration with Volvo and Wrightbus, developed the Wright StreetCar. FirstGroup branded this the FTR concept, for use in the introduction of new bus rapid transit schemes. The FTR was used in York, Leeds and Swansea.

Use of conventional articulated buses has extended beyond London, into the other English regions, as well as Scotland and Wales. Cardiff Bus secured the first Statutory Quality Bus Partnership in the UK which prompted the introduction of high technology artics.[1] While Arriva London had the largest single fleet, in London, First operated the most artics in the UK, across its subsidiary companies.[1] Many articulated buses in operation across the United Kingdom are exiles from London.

Use in London

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Main article: Articulated buses in London
See also: Buses in London § New Routemaster and bendy bus withdrawal
The Red Arrow articulated bus fleet at Waterloo bus garage

The majority of UK articulated buses were based in London, driven by the tendering specification system of Transport for London, the regulation authority responsible for bus services in London. The introduction of articulated buses in London caused several issues, including safety and fare evasion.

By 2008, the London fleet stood at 393 buses. In August 2008, following the election of Boris Johnson as Mayor of London, it was announced the articulated buses would be withdrawn as their five-year operating contracts came to an end, starting from May 2009.[2][8] Route 207 was the last route to operate articulated buses on 10 December 2011.[9][10]

With the main London operators of articulated buses (Arriva and the Go-Ahead Group) also having significant provincial fleets in the UK, many were cascaded to regional fleets. Arriva exported 68 to Malta in 2011 for use by its Arriva in Malta subsidiary.[11][12]

Use in Cardiff

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Articulated Scania Omnicity buses with Cardiff Bus
Capital City Red liveried articulated bus
Baycar liveried articulated bus

In 2006, Cardiff Bus took delivery of 19 articulated Scania OmniCitys. Twelve of these were delivered for use on the Capital City Red services to Ely, which operated to a five-minute frequency, to improve infrastructure and increase capacity on a route previously operated by conventional single deckers, with the aim being that the Ely corridor would become the first Statutory Quality Bus Partnership in Wales. Four OmniCities were allocated to the Baycar service between Cardiff city centre and Cardiff Bay, operating to a ten-minute frequency with the buses delivered in a blue livery.[1] These buses were given a mid-life refurbishment in 2013.[13]

Withdrawal and disposal of the articulated OmniCities began in 2020, with four put into storage and two sold to other operators. The Baycar OmniCities were later withdrawn from the service, being reallocated to conventional city routes following a repaint into standard Cardiff Bus livery. The remaining OmniCities were withdrawn on 29 January 2022 following the arrival of 36 Yutong E12 battery electric buses, with many being sold to other operators or entering private preservation.[13][14]

Use in the West Midlands

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National Express Coventry Mercedes-Benz O405GN articulated bus in Coventry

In early 2000 Travel West Midlands (TWM) took delivery of 11 Mercedes-Benz O405 articulated buses for its route 67 between Castle Vale and Birmingham. In late 2003 Travel Coventry bought 10 articulated Mercedes-Benz Citaro vehicles for Primeline routes in Coventry;[15] the earlier O405s joined the Citaros in Coventry, although one was scrapped after a depot fire. To replace the previous articulated vehicles on route 67 NXWM purchased eleven Scania OmniCitys branded for the route.[16] The O405 vehicles were withdrawn from service in late 2011, and the last of the Citaros were withdrawn in March 2018.[17]

Other operators

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A Brighton & Hove articulated Mercedes-Benz Citaro at a bus rally in 2010

Articulated buses are common at airports around the United Kingdom, and are usually operated on shuttle services between terminals and car parks. Bristol Airport is a significant operator of articulated Mercedes-Benz Citaros, taking delivery of their first in 2007 and being the first UK operator to order the Euro VI Citaro in 2014.[18] In 2020, 21 new articulated Citaros also entered service at London Stansted Airport.[19][20]

Articulated buses were first introduced to York in 2003 with the arrival of six Volvo B7LA Wright Eclipse Fusions acquired from First Bradford for use on the York Park and Ride.[21][22] As well as receiving a fleet of Wright StreetCars for use on the city's FTR network, which were withdrawn in 2012 after the City of York Council refused to renew an agreement with First to run the service,[23] First York took delivery of 15 articulated Mercedes-Benz Citaros branded in a silver livery for the Park & Ride network in 2009.[24] Most of these were withdrawn in 2020 with the arrival of new Optare MetroDecker EVs for the network, however six were retained and upgraded to Euro VI standard for the Rawcliffe Bar route.[25]

Following a successful trial period in 2009, Brighton & Hove first purchased four articulated Citaros from Go-Ahead London in 2010, which were refurbished and put into service for use on routes 25 and 25X serving the University of Brighton.[26][27] An additional 14 Citaros were later acquired in 2012 to increase capacity on the service.[28] All of Brighton & Hove's 22 Citaros were withdrawn by October 2022 and replaced with former London double-deckers, with the company claiming that discontinued spare parts for the buses, fuel emissions concerns and falling passenger numbers on the university services had led to their withdrawal.[29][30][31] One of the withdrawn Citaros were later operated on a special farewell service on the 25 on 7 November, marking the end of 12 years of operating articulated buses in Brighton.[32]

Articulated buses have also been used on smaller university bus networks across the United Kingdom. Uno of Hatfield operated five second-hand Citaros on its shuttle service to the University of Hertfordshire from 2012 until 2019,[33] shortly after one of the buses was destroyed by fire,[34] while Wilts & Dorset also took on a pair of former London Citaros for shuttle services to Bournemouth University.[35] Arriva Leicester also introduced a fleet of articulated buses on route 80 serving Oadby and the adjacent University of Leicester following trials on the route in 2010.[36]

Translink's Glider bus rapid transit system in Belfast is operated using a fleet of 30 18m-long Van Hool ExquiCity 18 articulated buses. These were delivered in 2017, although they entered passenger service with the launch of the Glider system in September 2018 after a series of delays.[37][38]

Types

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A Wright StreetCar articulated bus

The majority of articulated buses in the UK are Mercedes-Benz Citaros, with the remainder being standard Scania and Volvos, and the Wright StreetCar.

The types in use are:

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Trendy bendies - artics in the UK". Bus & Coach Professional. 6 June 2006. Archived from the original on 23 December 2007. Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  2. ^ a b Tom. "Articulated buses routes Debendification Confirmed". Boriswatch.co.uk. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  3. ^ Jolly, Stephen & Taylor, Nick (2003). The Book of Oxford Buses and Trams. Oxford Bus Museum Trust. p. 51. ISBN 0-9506739-2-7.
  4. ^ a b c Hellewell, D. Scott (July 1996). South Yorkshire's Transport, 1974-1995. Glossop: Venture Publications. pp. 73–79. ISBN 1-898432-33-3. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  5. ^ "Bus Explorer Danish Bus industry". Busexplorer.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  6. ^ a b Wharmby, Matthew (2016). The London Bendy Bus. Pen & Sword Transport. pp. 6–7. ISBN 978-1-78383-172-2. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  7. ^ Simpson, Richard (14 November 1992). "Merc artic makes its debut". Coach & Bus Week. No. 39. Peterborough: Emap. p. 7. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  8. ^ Buses Magazine August 2008 page 5
  9. ^ Final bendy buses banished from London Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Greater London Authority 9 December 2011
  10. ^ Bendy bus makes final journey for Transport for London BBC News 10 December 2011
  11. ^ London's Bendy Buses to be Sent to Malta Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine LBC 7 December 2011
  12. ^ London's old buses are driving Maltese round the bend The Guardian 13 December 2011
  13. ^ a b "Farewell to Cardiff's bendy buses". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough: Emap. 18 January 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  14. ^ Thomas, Elizabeth (10 January 2022). "Friends buy bendy bus as Cardiff Bus prepares to ditch vehicles this month". Wales Online. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  15. ^ Valler, Dean (30 May 2003). "Bendi-buses on the roads". Coventry Evening Telegraph. p. 13. ProQuest 332072901.
  16. ^ TWM Launch New 67 Archived 13 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine National Express Press Release. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  17. ^ "Coventry's farewell to the BendiBus". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough: Emap. 27 March 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  18. ^ "Bristol Airport continues to favour Citaro". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough: Emap. 4 July 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  19. ^ "Nat Ex wins renewed Stansted contract". routeone. 24 April 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  20. ^ Chambers, Sarah (23 April 2019). "New bus fleet set to serve Stansted as operator deal sealed". East Anglian Daily Times. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  21. ^ "Bendy buses for York". The Press. York. 10 April 2003. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  22. ^ "It's farewell to the city's bendy-buses". Bradford Telegraph & Argus. 6 February 2004. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  23. ^ "Row over York StreetCars". Bus & Coach Professional. 5 January 2012. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  24. ^ "Eco-friendly bus fleet is unveiled". The Press. York. 8 July 2008. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  25. ^ Fryers, Sam; Ridge, Julian (19 March 2020). "Executive Report of the Director of Economy and Place Portfolio of the Executive Members for Environment and Planning and Transport" (PDF). City of York Council. p. 5. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  26. ^ Le Duc, Frank (28 April 2010). "Brighton's first bendy bus enters service". Brighton & Hove News. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  27. ^ Gurner, Richard (29 April 2010). "Bendy buses arrive in Brighton". The Argus. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  28. ^ "Brighton gets 14 more refurbed ex-London bendies". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough: Emap. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  29. ^ Wadsworth, Jo (26 April 2022). "Bye bye to Brighton's bendy buses". Brighton & Hove News. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  30. ^ Marius, Callum (15 March 2022). "London buses: Last remaining former bendybuses set to disappear but could make a comeback according to TfL boss". MyLondon. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  31. ^ Crabbe, Ellie (31 October 2022). "Brighton says goodbye to its bendy buses". The Argus. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  32. ^ Green, Daniel (8 November 2022). "Passengers say goodbye to Brighton's last bendy bus". The Argus. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  33. ^ "Uno articulated "bendy" bus inter campus service". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough: Emap. 24 April 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  34. ^ Ingram, Paige (21 November 2019). "'Huge explosion' heard as bus catches fire near University of Hertfordshire campus". HertsLive. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  35. ^ Roberts, Paula (26 November 2009). "Bendy buses en route to Dorset service". Bournemouth Echo. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  36. ^ "Bendy bus tested on popular Leicestershire route". BBC News. 17 April 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  37. ^ "Belfast BRT's Van Hool ExquiCitys make debut". routeone. 23 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  38. ^ "Belfast's BRT Glider service gets underway". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough: Emap. 4 September 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
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