Arroio Dilúvio
| Arroio Dilúvio | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | Brazil |
| State | Rio Grande do Sul |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Saint'Hilaire Municipal Natural Park, Viamão |
| Mouth | Guaíba Lake |
• coordinates | 30°02′51″S 51°14′04″W / 30.0474°S 51.2344°W |
| Length | 17 km (11 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Cities | Porto Alegre and Viamão |
Arroio Dilúvio[1] is a brook (arroio) in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, that flows in areas with high population density. It was or still is known by other names: Riacho Ipiranga[2] (resulting in the name of Ipiranga Avenue), Arroio da Azenha (watermill, resulting in the names of Azenha Avenue and Azenha neighborhood), Riacho or Riachinho and even Arroio do Sabão, this being the current name of the stream that gives it its most distant source.[1][3][4]
Geography
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Running in an east–west direction, its most distant springs are in the Saint'Hilaire Municipal Natural Park, in Viamão.[5]
It has a length of 17,605 meters from its springs to its mouth in Guaíba Lake. The canalized and rectified extension is estimated at 12 km, of which the final 10 km has a central channel between the lanes of Ipiranga Avenue, covering the route between Antônio de Carvalho Avenue and the mouth.[1]
History
[edit]The first reference made to the Arroio Dilúvio appears in a letter dated 1740, called the Jacareí River, which means river of the alligators in the Guarani language, as the divider of the sesmaria of Jerônimo de Ornelas.[1]
In the old days, the stream flowed into the Ponta da Cadeia, next to the Gasômetro Power Plant, passing under the Stone Bridge (or Açores Bridge) near the Açorianos Square. The creek was re-channeled to its current course. The work that changed the course of the stream, including the construction of the lanes of Avenida Ipiranga, began during the administration of Mayor Loureiro da Silva.[6]
The first canalized stretch was implemented between 1939 and 1943 from the mouth to the vicinity of Avenida João Pessoa.[7][8] The work took more than 40 years to be completed. In its execution, the city government was assisted by the federal government, through the National Department of Works and Sanitation (DNOS).[9]
Pollution
[edit]
Until the 1950s, the Dilúvio had clean waters. It earned its name because it used to flood its neighborhoods, such as Menino Deus or Cidade Baixa, on days of heavy rain. In November 2009, the stream became muddy because of a heavy rain.[10][better source needed]
As of 2018, it is estimated that it receives about 50,000 cubic meters of sediments and waste per year, besides the sewage from three neighborhoods, requiring periodic dredging. The Arroio Dilúvio is one of the main pollution inputs to Guaíba Lake,[11] the main public supply source of Porto Alegre. The sediments of the Dilúvio are contaminated with potentially toxic metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, and Pb), with these concentrations increasing the closer it is to the lake's mouth.[12]
In 2011, it was found that in a two-year period (2009–2010), at least 20 cars fell into the Dilúvio stream due to the lack of sidewalk cords with sufficient height because of the asphalt retreading that made them lose height over the years without having corrections made by the city government.[13]
In June 2011, the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)—both with teaching facilities located on Ipiranga Avenue, on the banks of the stream—proposed to the city government a partnership for the revitalization of the Dilúvio.[14][15] The two universities wanted to adopt the model used to restore the Cheonggyecheon stream in Seoul, South Korea, which similarly flows through a large urbanized area of their city. Since its completion in 2002, the Cheonggyecheon has cleaned the waters and created a tree-shaded recreational areas on the banks.[16][17][18][19]
In 2016, the project was reportedly stalled; the city government claims a lack of resources.[20][21] Also in 2016, the Arroio Dilúvio Ecobarrier Project was created. Installed at the mouth, the project aims to collect waste that would flow into Lake Guaíba.[22]
See also
[edit]
- Environmentalism in Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre Botanical Garden
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Cheonggyecheon
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Faria, Carla M.; Morandi, Iara C. (2002). "a difícil recuperação de arroios em áreas urbanas - arroio dilúvio" (Document download). Yumpu (in Portuguese). Pesquisa Ecossistema Revista. pp. 38–52. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
- ^ "Riacho Ipiranga". Itaú Cultural (in Portuguese). São Paulo. Archived from the original on June 7, 2019. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- ^ Andrade, Leonardo Capeleto de (2018). Impactos do ambiente urbano na poluição dos sedimentos do lago Guaíba. (PhD). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre.
- ^ Andrade, Leonardo Capeleto de; Camargo, Flavio Anastacio de Oliveira (2018). "Impacts of the urban environment in the sediment pollution of the lake Guaíba". Lume UFRGS (a thesis with a PDF). Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
- ^ Alegre, Prefeitura Municipal de Porto. "Parque Natural Municipal Saint'Hilaire" [Saint'Hilaire Municipal Natural Park]. Prefeitura de Porto Alegre (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on April 6, 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
- ^ Acad, Júlia Schiedeck Nunes; Sulzbach Cé, Ana Rosa (2009). "Processo Evolutivo ao Longo do Século XX" [Evolutionary Process Throughout the 20th Century] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
- ^ Burin, Carolina Wolff (2009). O caso da canalização do arroio Dilúvio em Porto Alegre : ambiente projetado x ambiente construído. Lume inicial.
- ^ Burin, Carolina Wolff; Aguiar, Douglas Vieira de (2008). "O caso da canalização do arroio Dilúvio em Porto Alegre : ambiente projetado x ambiente construído" [The case of the canalization of the Dilúvio stream in Porto Alegre: designed environment x built environment]. Lume UFRGS (a dissertation) (in Portuguese).
- ^ "O Arroio Dilúvio". Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 29, 2024.
- ^ "Últimas Notícias de Porto Alegre e Rio Grande do Sul". GZH (in Brazilian Portuguese).
- ^ de Andrade, Leonardo Capeleto; Tiecher, Tales; de Oliveira, Jessica Souza; Andreazza, Robson; Inda, Alberto Vasconcellos; de Oliveira Camargo, Flávio Anastácio (2018). "Sediment pollution in margins of the Lake Guaíba, Southern Brazil". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 190 (1): 3. doi:10.1007/s10661-017-6365-9. ISSN 0167-6369.
- ^ dos Santos, Vinícius Maggioni; de Andrade, Leonardo Capeleto; Tiecher, Tales; de Oliveira Camargo, Flávio Anastácio (2020). "The Urban Pressure Over the Sediment Contamination in a Southern Brazil Metropolis: the Case of Diluvio Stream". Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 231 (4): 156. doi:10.1007/s11270-020-04504-2. ISSN 0049-6979.
- ^ "Em dois anos, ao menos 20 veículos caíram no Arroio Dilúvio, na Capital" [In two years, at least 20 vehicles fell into Arroio Dilúvio, in the Capital]. GZH (in Brazilian Portuguese). March 30, 2011. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023.
- ^ Machado, André (August 4, 2016). "UFRGS e PUCRS podem adotar exemplo de cidade coreana para revitalizar Arroio Dilúvio - Zero Hora". GZH. Archived from the original on August 4, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
- ^ "Assinado acordo para revitalização do Dilúvio". PUCRS. December 14, 2011. Archived from the original on August 6, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
- ^ "Projeto Arroio Dilúvio: um futuro possível — Arroio Diluvio" [Arroio Dilúvio Project: a possible future]. UFRGS. November 12, 2011. Archived from the original on November 12, 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Publicado o Marco Conceitual do Programa de Revitalização da Bacia do Arroio Dilúvio | Portal de Notícias e Eventos". UFRGS. July 12, 2018. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018.
- ^ "SMAM". Porto Alegre Prefeitura (in Brazilian Portuguese).
- ^ "Programa de Revitalização da Bacia do Arroio Dilúvio" (PDF). Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul. December 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 14, 2023.
- ^ "UFRGS 'joga a toalha' em projeto do Dilúvio" [UFRGS 'throws in the towel' in Flood project]. issuu.com (a digital flipbook) (in Portuguese). p. 2.
- ^ Sander, Isabella (April 3, 2015). "Projeto de revitalização do Arroio Dilúvio está parado na prefeitura" [Arroio Dilúvio revitalization project is on hold at city hall]. Jornal do Comércio (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on April 3, 2015.
- ^ "Ecobarreira do Arroio Dilúvio já reteve 250 toneladas de resíduos". Jornal do Comércio (in Brazilian Portuguese). July 19, 2022.