Ardagast
Ardagast | |
|---|---|
| Years active | 584-597 |
Ardagast or Radogost[1][2] (Ancient Greek: Ἀρδάγαστος Ardagastos; Cyrillic: Ардагаст; fl. 584–597[3]) was a 6th-century South Slavic chieftain under King Musokios of the Antes.
Etymology
[edit]The name may derive from Slavic rada – "council" or "rad" – "eager" and gostiti or hostit – "to host", meaning "the one who hosts the council" or "eager to host – hospitable". It could have been a personal name, or an acquired title designating the leader or chieftain of a council, assembly, or veche. Ardagast is an old Slavic unmetathised form.
Historical records
[edit]Menander Protector writes about Ardagast in his works, and the Strategikon of Maurice (late 6th century) makes mention of him.[2] The Strategikon spends an entire an entire chapter to the "Slavs" (Sclavenes), who in their eyes had a different form of social and political organization to that of the Avars. Some scholars think this may have been an umbrella term for a number of groups living north of the Danube, who could neither be called "Huns" or "Avars".[4]
Military campaigns
[edit]Ardagast may have led the Slavs who plundered Greece in 577.[3][failed verification]
After the Avar Khagan Bayan I and the Byzantine Emperor Emperor Maurice concluded a treaty in 584, Ardagast raided Thrace, penetrating as far as the Long Wall. The Slavs suffered defeats only twice: at the Erginia river near the Long Walls (583) and in the Ansinon neighbourhood of Hadrianople at the hands of Comentiolus. The Slavs were later driven out of the Astica region.[5]
The raid in Thrace in 585[6] prompted Emperor Maurice to deal with the Slavs – sending an army under commander-in-chief Priscus and infantry commander Gentzon to cross the Danube at Dorostolon (present-day Silistra) and to carry out a surprise attack on the Slavs in their own territory (as the Slavs had long been pillaging the Byzantine Empire).[7] The Byzantine army arrived at the Slavic camp at midnight, surprising the Slavs, who fled in confusion; Ardagast fell on a tree stump and was almost captured, but luckily he was near a river and eluded the attackers.[7] Ardagast may have used a primitive snorkel, fashioned from a reed, to hide in the river for an extended period of time; this technique is mentioned in the Strategikon of Maurice. [8]
Priscus sent his lieutenant Alexander across the Helibakion (Ialomiţa River) to find Slavs who were hiding in the woods and swamps, they failed to burn out the people hiding there, but a Gepid Christian who was associated with the Slavs deserted and revealed a secret passage. The Byzantine army then easily captured the Slavs, who according to the Gepid, were spies sent by King Musokios, who just heard about the attack on Ardagast.[9]
References
[edit]- ^ DERKSEN, RICK. "NOTES ON THE SLAVIC METATHESIS OF LIQUIDS". In: Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics 34 (2008): 41 (footnote nr. 5). Accessed June 1, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40997581.
- ^ a b Relations between the autochthonous population and the migratory populations on the territory of Romania: a collection of studies, p. 198
- ^ a b History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene, p. 144
- ^ Curta, Florin (2019). Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300) (2 Vols). Boston: BRILL. p. 48. ISBN 978-90-04-39519-0. OCLC 1111434007.
- ^ Bury, John Bagnell (1889). History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene. Cosimo classics history. Vol. 2. Cosimo, Inc. (published 2008). p. 119. ISBN 978-1-60520-405-5. Retrieved 2015-04-01.
The barbarians were driven from Astica, as the region was called which extends between Hadrianople and Philippopolis, and the captives were rescued from their hands.
- ^ Balkan studies: biannual publication of the Institute for Balkan Studies, Volume 37, p. 48
- ^ a b History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene, p. 128
- ^ Vernadsky, George (1943). Ancient Russia. A History of Russia. Vol. 1. Yale University Press (published 1964). p. 186. ISBN 9780300010060. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
Ardagast himself barely escaped captivity by plunging into the water. Possibly he saved himself by a device described in Mauricius' Strategicon. According to this treatise the Slavs could spend hours in water, keeping reeds in their mouths through which they breathed.
- ^ History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene, p. 129