Farah Garad

Farah Garad
Faarax Garaad; فارح جراد
Regions with significant populations
Languages
	Somali, Arabic, English
Religion
	Islam (Sunni)
Related ethnic groups
	Mohamoud Garad (Galool Oriye, Jama Siad), Baho Nugaaled, and other Darod groups

The Farah Garad or the Garad Farah (Somali: Faarax Garaad, Arabic: فارح جراد, Full Name: ’Farah Shirshore Habarwa Abdullah Muse Said Saleh Abdi Mohamed Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti ) is a Somali clan which is part of the Dhulbahante clan-family, a sub-division of the larger Harti/Darod clan. The Farah Garad are divided into two sub-clans — Yassin Garad and Abdalla Garad. Abdalla has four clan eponyms, Ahmed Garad, Mohamed Garad (Baharsame), Guled Garad (Barkad) and Ali Garad. They are largely significant in Sool and Togdheer regions of Somaliland, and Dollo Somali region of Ethiopia.

Garad Jama Garad Ali is concurrently the Garad of Farah Garad and the supreme Garad of Dhulbahante. ^[1]

Overview

The largest of the Farah Garad sub-clans is "Ahmed Garad" which are made up of Ali geri Ahmed, Aadan Ahmed, Naaleeye Ahmed, Samakaab Ahmed & Cigaal Ahmed(Odala), Warfaa Ahmed, and Hassan Ahmed.

Mohamed Garaad (Bahararsame) are second common sub-clan in Farah Garaad, mainly Reer Naaleeye, and Reer Garaad Ali.
Guleed Garad (Barkad) are the third sub-clan in Farah Garaad, mainly Ali shirwac.

Distribution

The primarily homeland of the clan straddles the Nugaal Valley and the Ciid segments of the Haud plateaus where they inhabit the Sool and Togdheer region of Somaliland.^[2] In particular, they settle in the districts of Las Anod and Buuhoodle. In Ethiopia, the clan has a significant presence in the Dollo Zone, specifically in the woredas of Boh, Danot and Werder.^[3]^[4]

Garadate seat

Garadate

Groups

Dharbash, was a Dervish administrative division which was one third Baharsame, a Farah Garad clan.

People

Cabbaas Xuseen, first prime minister of the Dervish (1895 - 1900); of the Baharsame clan
Xaashi Suni Fooyaan, peace-time prime minister of the Dervish (1905-1906); of the Baharsame clan
Soofe-cali Buraale, member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. the government; was of the Baharsame clan
Cabbane Sugulle, commander of Burcadde-Godwein, a Dervish administrative division

Chief caaqil groups

Barkad

People

There were many notable Barkad people in the Dervish haroun, i.e. its government. These include:

Jaamac Ismaaciil Dhoon, was a member of the Dervish haroun; of the Barkad clan
Xareed Duubi Deero, was a member of the Dervish haroun; of the Barkad clan
bullale warsame gulled,was a member of the dervish haroun;of the barked clan
Samatar Bullalleh, mentioned in the Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Dervish haroun list

Ahmed Garaad

Ali Ahmed (Ali Geri Ahmed)

The Ali Geri Ahmed is whom caaqils (chieftains) of Ahmed Garad give deference to by extension.^[5] The poem by Ali Dhuh refers that the Reer Khayre sub branch of the Reer Suban sub clan of Ali Geri, Mahad Adan and Farah Adan, with Dhuh referring to it as a grouping in his poem Allahu Akbar.^[6] The Bah Ali Geri onelings have the largest deegaan (traditional clan territory) of the Farah Garad clans, stretching some 200 kilometers, from Dhilaalo in the north to Dannood in the south. According to both colonial sources as well as native historians such as Jama Omar Issa, the Ali Geri were the clan whom began and started the early camp of Maxkamadaha Dervishta in 1895.^[7]

The Ali Geri clan are particularly known for being the first tribe to adopt the Dervish (Dervish) identity,^[8]^[9]^[10] and according to professor Ingiriis, the bulk of the Dervish ranks being of the Ali Geri clan, which suggested the Dervish ideology moved towards "clan solidarity".^[11]

Groups

In the following Dervish administrative divisions, at least half comprised Bah Ali Gheri muqaddims (arbitrators), scouts, clerics, tenders and fighters:

Ragxun, was a Dervish administrative division which was half Farah Garad, as Ali Geri is a Farah Garad subclan.
Miinanle, was a Dervish administrative division which was majority Farah Garad, as Ali Geri and Odala & Egal-Naleye are Farah Garad sub-clans.^[12]
Golaweyne, was a Dervish administrative division which was half Farah Garad, as Ali Geri are Farah Garad sub-clans.

People

Jaamac Cudur, commander of a Garbo Dervish subdivision
Osman Boss, commander of a Ragxun subdivision
Aadan Dhacdhaco, was a member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. government; was of the Reer Khair Dhulbahante clan
Cabdi Yaar Guuleed, was a member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. government; was of the Reer Khair Dhulbahante clan
Maxamuud Cilmi, was a member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. government; was of the Reer Khair Dhulbahante clan
Aadan Cawad, was a member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. government; was of the Reer Khair Dhulbahante clan
Soofe Durraan, was a member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. government; was of the Reer Khair Dhulbahante clan
Mohamud Hosh, was a member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. government; was of the Reer Khair Dhulbahante clan
Saliid Baynax, member of Dervish haroun

Lineage

There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and some lineages might be omitted."^[13] However, the following summarised clan tree presented below is taken from John Hunt's A general survey of the Somaliland Protectorate (1944-1950):^[14]

Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti (Darod)
- Mohamed Abdirahman (Kabalalah)
  - Abdi Mohamed (Kombe)
    - Salah Abdi (Harti)
      - Said Salah (Dhulbahante)
        Muse Said
        Abdale Muse
        Habarwa Abdale
        Shirshore Habarwa
        
        Farah 'Garaad' Shirshore
        Yasin 'Garad' Farah
        
        Abdulleh Garad Farah
        Ali 'Garad' Abdulle
        
        Mohamed 'Garad' Abdulle (Bah'ararsame)
        Mohamoud 'Garad' Mohamed (Jabane)
        Mohamed Mohamoud
        
        Warsame Mohamoud
        
        Liban Mohamoud
        
        Sharmarke Mohamoud
        
        Audon Mohamoud
        
        Warfa Mohamoud
        
        Hersi Mohamoud
        
        Farah Mohamoud
        
        Ali Mohamoud
        Adur Ali
        
        Samakab Ali (Adde)
        
        Samatar Ali
        
        Omar Ali
        
        Mohamoud Ali
        
        Magan Mohamoud
        Samatar Mohamoud
        
        Farah Mohamoud
        
        Mohamed Mohamoud
        Mohamoud Mohamed
        Ali Mohamoud (Bihi Idoor)
        
        Beder Mohamoud (Bihi Idoor)
        
        Yusuf Mohamoud (Bihi Idoor)
        
        Hersi Mohamoud (Bah Ogaden)
        
        Esa Mohamoud (Bah Ogaden)
        
        Nur Mohamoud (Bah Majerteen)
        
        Naleya Mohamoud (Bah Majerteen)
        Ali (Hamud) Naleya
        
        Magan Naleya
        
        Mohamoud Naleya
        
        Hussein Naleya
        
        Salah Naleya
        
        Adan Naleya
        
        Guleed 'Garaad' Abdulleh (Barkad)
        Ali Gulled
        
        Amir Gulled
        
        Mohamoud Gulled
        Egal Mohamoud
        
        Esa Mohamoud
        
        Wegel Mohamoud
        
        Ali Mohamoud
        Koshin Ali
        
        Gedi Ali
        
        Naleya Ali
        Shirwa Naleya
        
        Musa Shirwa
        
        Suban Shirwa
        
        Beeda Shirwa
        
        Ali Shirwa
        Farah Ali (Baha'Ali)
        
        Mohamed Ali (Baha'Ali)
        
        Yusuf Ali (Baha'Ali)
        
        Maah Ali (Baha'Ali)
        
        Diriye Ali (Baha'Ali)
        
        Hersi Ali
        
        Gulled Ali
        
        Ahmed 'Garaad' Abdulleh
        Samakab Ahmed (Odala)
        
        Egal Ahmed (Odala)
        
        Warfa Ahmed (Bahgeri)
        
        Hassan Ahmed (Bahgeri)
        
        Naleye Ahmed
        Egal Naleye
        Samatar Egal
        
        Samakab Egal
        
        Jama Egal
        
        Dubad Egal
        
        Warfa Egal
        
        Ali'Geri Ahmed (Reer Khayr),^[a]
        Ismail Ali’Geri
        
        Hersi Ali’Geri
        
        Shawe Ali’Geri
        
        Burale Ali’Geri
        
        Gulled Ali’Geri
        
        Warfa Ali'Geri
        Aralle Warfa
        
        Mohamed Warfa
        
        Jama Warfa
        
        Naleya Warfa
        
        Subaan Ali’Geri
        Beder Suban
        
        Beyle Suban
        
        Ali Suban
        
        Khayr Suban
        Hildid Khayr
        
        Raage Khayr
        
        Egal Khayr
        
        Sharmarke Khayr
        
        Farah Khayr
        
        Duale Khayr
        
        Adan Ahmed
        Mahad Adan (Reer Khayr)
        Aralle Mahad
        
        Farah Adan (Reer Khayr)
        
        Wa'eys Adan (Ararsame)
        Warfa Wa'eys
        
        Hildid Wa'eys
        
        Shirwa Wa'eys
        
        Erbad Wa'eys
        
        Dulul Wa'eys
        Nur Dulul
        
        Gulled Wa'eys
        Mah Gulled
        
        Adan Gulled
        
        Naleya Wa'eys
        Jama Naleya
        
        Sharmarke Naleya
        
        Beder Naleya
        
        Hagar Adan (Ararsame)
        Gedi Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
        
        Addaad Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
        
        Warsame Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
        
        Elmi Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
        
        Amir Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
        
        Gulled Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
        
        Ayaar Hagar (Bah Warsengali)
        
        Fatah Hagar (Bah Warsengali)
        
        Adan Hagar (Bah Warsengali)
        Jama Adan (Reer Tuudhe)
        
        Ahmed Adan
        
        Abdulle Adan
        
        Ali Adan
        Qolaab Ali
        
        Awale Ali
        
        Warsame Ali
        
        Farah Adan
        Siad Farah (Bah Abrahin)
        
        Duale Farah (Bah Abrahin)
        
        Hersi Farah (Bah Abrahin)
        
        Warsame Farah (Bah Abrahin)
        
        Hagar Farah (Bah Abrahin)
        
        Ismail Farah (Bah Habar Eli)
        
        Seed Farah (Bah Habar Eli)
        
        Boos Farah (Bah Habar Eli)
        
        Omar Farah (Bah Habar Eli)
        
        Deria Farah (Bah Habar Eli)
        
        Shire Farah (Bah Hawiye)
        
        Hussein Farah (Bah Hawiye)
        
        Elmi Farah (Bah Hawiye)
        
        Farah Hagar (Bah Warsengali)
        Olloh Farah
        
        Haad Farah
        
        Egal Farah
        Jama Egal (Bah Hawiye)
        
        Mohamoud Egal (Bah Hawiye)
        
        Ismail Egal (Bah Hawiye)
        
        Hersi Egal (Bah Ugaadh)
        
        Aralle Egal (Bah Ugaadh)
        
        Ahmed Egal (Bah Ugaadh)
        
        Naleya Egal (Bah Ugaadh)
        
        Mohamed Egal (Bah Ugaadh)

Notes

^ Khayr were a Dhulbahante wadaad / priesthood fraternity: "treatment of the Dhulbahante Khayr people, a clan of Mullahs whom Somalis believed to enjoy divine protection".^[15] Colonial sources' usage of "Khayreh" typically refers to the Ali-Gheri-led confederation (see 1917 intelligence report):^[16]

Notable Figures

Athlete

Mohamed Suleiman, first ethnic Somali to win an Olympic medal

Prime ministers

Ali Khalif Galaydh, Ex-Prime minister of Somalia and Khaatumo President.
Cabbaas Xuseen, first prime minister of the Dervish (1895 - 1900)
Xaashi Suni Fooyaan, peace-time prime minister of the Dervish (1905-1906)

Leaders

Mohamed Yusuf Jama, former Khaatumo president
Saleban Essa Ahmed, SSC Leader and former Somaliland Minister of Health
Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar, Former Vice President of Puntland.
Ismail Mire, Shiikhyaale commander, poet.
Barni Sugulle, female governor of Indhabadan, sister of Faarax Sugulle
Jaamac Ismaaciil Dhoon, Barkad, Dervish muqaddim

Commanders

Suleiman Aden Galaydh, Dervish commander at Cagaarweyne
Xayd Aden Galaydh, Dervish commander at Jidbali

Tribal leaders

Garad Jama Garad Ali, Traditional Clan Chief of the Dhulbahante Clan.
Garaad Abdulahi Garaad Soofe, Garad, of the Ahmed Garad, the second most senior chief of the Farah Garad branch of the Dhulbahante Clan.

^[17]

Enterprisers

Abdinasir Ali Hassan, Chairman of Hass Petroleum.
Abdi Holland, Somali artist.
Ali Dhuh, a great poet a coiner of new Somali words; poetic critic of the Sayid
Aadan Carab, poet who chronicled colonial-era events; said a Dhulbahante genocide occurred at the hands of European colonialists

Legislative speakers

Bashe Mohamed Farah, Former Speaker of Somaliland parliament.
Faarax Sugulle, head of the Dervish haroun

Politicians

Ali Jangali, Former Somali minister of foreign affairs.
Ahmed Aidid former Minister of Education.
Abdiqani Mohamoud Jidhe, Governor of Sool.
Abokor Seed Cali, member of the Dervish haroun, of the Odala Samakab (Bahgeri Dhulbahante) clan

References

^ Hoehne, Markus (2011). "No Easy Way Out: Traditional Authorities in Somalia and the Limits of Hybrid Political Orders" (PDF). Danish Institute for International Studies: 8. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
^ Hoehne, Markus V. (2015). Between Somaliland and Puntland: Marginalization, Militarization and Conflicting Political Vision (PDF). Rift Valley Institute. p. 38.
^ Bryden, Matt. "Report on Mission to Haud Area (REGION 5)". United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
^ Raeymaekers, Timothy (27 Aug 2013). Violence on the Margins: States, Conflict, and Borderlands. Springer. p. 69. ISBN 9781137333995. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
^ Radio and propagation of anti-and pro-Ethiopian narratives in Somalia, p 15 - 33, 2012, Alin Mohamed
^ "Sayyid Mohammed: And the Role of Poetic Stanzas in his Dervish Struggle". www.geeskaafrika.com. Archived from the original on 2020-10-22.
^ Taariikh Nololeedkii sayid Cabdulle xasan by Aw-jaamac cumar ciise. YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11.
^ Genis, Gerhard (1996). Mohammed Abdulle Hassan en sy volgelinge. Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies. p. 81. Die Mullah se eerste volgelinge was die Ali Gheri, sy moedersmense. Laasgenoemde was dee I van die Dolbahanta-stam en die grootste getal van die Derwisj-beweging se volgelinge was uit die stam afkomstig. (english translation) The Mullah's first gathering of force were the Ali Gheri, his mother's kin. The latter is a subtribe of the Dolbahanta tribe and is where largest proportion of the Darwish followers were descended from.
^ Abdi, Abdulqadir (1993). Divine Madness. Zed Books. p. 101. to the Dervish cause, such as the Ali Gheri, the Mullah's maternal kinsmen and his first supporters. In fact, Swayne had instructions to fine the Ali Gheri 1000 camels for possible use in the upcoming campaign
^ *Bartram, R (1903). The annihilation of Colonel Plunkett's force. The Marion Star. By his marriage he extended his influence from Abyssinia, on the west, to the borders of Italian Somaliland, on the east. The Ali Gheri were his first followers.
*Hamilton, Angus (1911). Field Force. Hutchinson & Co. p. 50. it appeared for the nonce as if he were content with the homage paid to his learnings and devotional sincerity by the Ogaden and Dolbahanta tribes. The Ali Gheri were his first followers
*Leys, Thomson (1903). The British Sphere. Auckland Star. p. 5. Ali Gheri were his first followers, while these were presently joined by two sections of the Ogaden
^ Ingiriis, Mohamed Haji. "The invention of Al-Shabaab in Somalia: Emulating the anti-colonial dervishes movement." African Affairs 117.467 (2018): 217-237. "Sayid abandoned that objective, moving away from it to clan solidarity. He proved this by obtaining the bulk of his fighters from the Ali Geri/Dhulbahante, a clan that held strong antipathy toward the British for supposedly supporting their nemesis"
^ Essa, Jama Omar (1976). Taariikhdii Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan (1895-1921). Wasaaradda Hiddaha iyo Tacliinta Sare. p. 173. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
^ Lewis, "Force and Fission in Northern Somali Lineage Structure", American Anthropologist, New Series, 63 (1961), p. 100
^ Hunt, John. A general survey of the Somaliland Protectorate-1944-1950 (PDF). Hargeisa. pp. 141–145. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
^ Samatar, Said Sheikh (2010). Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism: The Case of Sayid Mahammad 'Abdille Hasan. Cambridge University Press. p. 177. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511735370. ISBN 9780521238335. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
^ Nicolosi, Gerardo (2002). Imperialismo e resistenza in corno d'Africa: Mohammed Abdullah Hassan e il derviscismo somalo (1899-1920). Rubbettino Editore. p. 282. ISBN 9788849803846. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
^ "Golaha wasiirada ee dowlad goboleedka Puntland oo caawa la ansixiyay laguna dhawaaqay". Somali Swiss Media. 17 January 2009. Retrieved 28 May 2021.

[17] Khayr were a Dhulbahante wadaad / priesthood fraternity: "treatment of the Dhulbahante Khayr people, a clan of Mullahs whom Somalis believed to enjoy divine protection".^[15] Colonial sources' usage of "Khayreh" typically refers to the Ali-Gheri-led confederation (see 1917 intelligence report):^[16]

[1] Hoehne, Markus (2011). "No Easy Way Out: Traditional Authorities in Somalia and the Limits of Hybrid Political Orders" (PDF). Danish Institute for International Studies: 8. Retrieved 28 May 2021.

[2] Hoehne, Markus V. (2015). Between Somaliland and Puntland: Marginalization, Militarization and Conflicting Political Vision (PDF). Rift Valley Institute. p. 38.

[africa.upenn.edu-3] Bryden, Matt. "Report on Mission to Haud Area (REGION 5)". United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 17 September 2019.

[4] Raeymaekers, Timothy (27 Aug 2013). Violence on the Margins: States, Conflict, and Borderlands. Springer. p. 69. ISBN 9781137333995. Retrieved 20 September 2019.

[5] Radio and propagation of anti-and pro-Ethiopian narratives in Somalia, p 15 - 33, 2012, Alin Mohamed

[6] "Sayyid Mohammed: And the Role of Poetic Stanzas in his Dervish Struggle". www.geeskaafrika.com. Archived from the original on 2020-10-22.

[7] Taariikh Nololeedkii sayid Cabdulle xasan by Aw-jaamac cumar ciise. YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11.

[8] Genis, Gerhard (1996). Mohammed Abdulle Hassan en sy volgelinge. Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies. p. 81. Die Mullah se eerste volgelinge was die Ali Gheri, sy moedersmense. Laasgenoemde was dee I van die Dolbahanta-stam en die grootste getal van die Derwisj-beweging se volgelinge was uit die stam afkomstig. (english translation) The Mullah's first gathering of force were the Ali Gheri, his mother's kin. The latter is a subtribe of the Dolbahanta tribe and is where largest proportion of the Darwish followers were descended from.

[9] Abdi, Abdulqadir (1993). Divine Madness. Zed Books. p. 101. to the Dervish cause, such as the Ali Gheri, the Mullah's maternal kinsmen and his first supporters. In fact, Swayne had instructions to fine the Ali Gheri 1000 camels for possible use in the upcoming campaign

[AngusHamilton-10] *Bartram, R (1903). The annihilation of Colonel Plunkett's force. The Marion Star. By his marriage he extended his influence from Abyssinia, on the west, to the borders of Italian Somaliland, on the east. The Ali Gheri were his first followers.
*Hamilton, Angus (1911). Field Force. Hutchinson & Co. p. 50. it appeared for the nonce as if he were content with the homage paid to his learnings and devotional sincerity by the Ogaden and Dolbahanta tribes. The Ali Gheri were his first followers
*Leys, Thomson (1903). The British Sphere. Auckland Star. p. 5. Ali Gheri were his first followers, while these were presently joined by two sections of the Ogaden

[11] Ingiriis, Mohamed Haji. "The invention of Al-Shabaab in Somalia: Emulating the anti-colonial dervishes movement." African Affairs 117.467 (2018): 217-237. "Sayid abandoned that objective, moving away from it to clan solidarity. He proved this by obtaining the bulk of his fighters from the Ali Geri/Dhulbahante, a clan that held strong antipathy toward the British for supposedly supporting their nemesis"

[12] Essa, Jama Omar (1976). Taariikhdii Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan (1895-1921). Wasaaradda Hiddaha iyo Tacliinta Sare. p. 173. Retrieved 28 May 2021.

[13] Lewis, "Force and Fission in Northern Somali Lineage Structure", American Anthropologist, New Series, 63 (1961), p. 100

[14] Hunt, John. A general survey of the Somaliland Protectorate-1944-1950 (PDF). Hargeisa. pp. 141–145. Retrieved 20 September 2019.

[15] Samatar, Said Sheikh (2010). Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism: The Case of Sayid Mahammad 'Abdille Hasan. Cambridge University Press. p. 177. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511735370. ISBN 9780521238335. Retrieved 29 May 2021.

[16] Nicolosi, Gerardo (2002). Imperialismo e resistenza in corno d'Africa: Mohammed Abdullah Hassan e il derviscismo somalo (1899-1920). Rubbettino Editore. p. 282. ISBN 9788849803846. Retrieved 28 May 2021.

[18] "Golaha wasiirada ee dowlad goboleedka Puntland oo caawa la ansixiyay laguna dhawaaqay". Somali Swiss Media. 17 January 2009. Retrieved 28 May 2021.

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