Morinda
| Morinda | |
|---|---|
| |
| Morinda citrifolia | |
| |
| Morinda yucatanensis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Rubioideae |
| Tribe: | Morindeae |
| Genus: | Morinda L.[1] |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms[1][2] | |
|
Appunettia R.D.Good | |
Morinda is a genus of flowering plants in the madder family, Rubiaceae.[1] The generic name is derived from the Latin words morus "mulberry", from the appearance of the fruits, and indica, meaning "of India".[3]
Description
[edit]Distributed in all tropical regions of the world, Morinda includes 80 species of trees, shrubs or vines. All Morinda species bear aggregate or multiple fruits that can be fleshy (like Morinda citrifolia) or dry.[4] Most species of this genus originate in the area of Borneo, New Guinea, Northern Australia and New Caledonia.
In traditional Japanese, Korean and Chinese medicine, Morinda citrifolia is considered to be a herb with biological properties, although there is no confirmed evidence of clinical efficacy.[5]
Fossil record
[edit]The first fossil record for genus Morinda is from fruit of Morinda chinensis found in coal dated from the Eocene 56 to 33.9 million years ago in the Changchang Basin of Hainan Island, South China.[6]
Species
[edit]Plants of the World Online[2] currently (2024) includes:
- Morinda angolensis (R.D.Good) F.White
- Morinda angustifolia Roxb.
- Morinda asteroscepa K.Schum. (Malawi, Tanzania)
- Morinda bracteata Roxb. (synonym M. citrifolia var. bracteata)
- Morinda buchii Urb.
- Morinda carnosa Venturina, E.E.L.Suarez & Alejandro
- Morinda chrysorhiza (Thonn.) DC.
- Morinda citrifolia L. – Noni, great morinda, aal (Indian Ocean)
- Morinda corneri K.M.Wong
- Morinda elliptica (Hook.f.) Ridl.
- Morinda fasciculata Benth. (Ecuador)
- Morinda hoffmannioides Standl.
- Morinda latibractea Valeton
- Morinda leiantha Kurz
- Morinda longiflora G.Don
- Morinda longipetiolata Steyerm.
- Morinda longissima Y.Z.Ruan
- Morinda lucida Benth.
- Morinda mefou Cheek
- Morinda moaensis Alain
- Morinda morindoides (Baker) Milne-Redh.
- Morinda nana Craib
- Morinda pacifica (Reinecke) Razafim. & B.Bremer
- Morinda panamensis Seem.
- Morinda pedunculata Valeton
- Morinda persicifolia Buch.-Ham.
- Morinda piperiformis Miq.
- Morinda pubescens Sm. (synonyms: Morinda coreia Buch.-Ham., Morinda tinctoria Roxb.)
- Morinda ramosa (Lauterb.) Razafim. & B.Bremer
- Morinda rosiflora Y.Z.Ruan
- Morinda royoc L. (synonym M. yucatanensis Greenm.[7])
- Morinda scabrida Craib
- Morinda schultzei Valeton
- Morinda sessiliflora Bertol.
- Morinda talmyi (Pit.) Chantar.
- Morinda titanophylla E.M.A.Petit
- Morinda tomentosa B.Heyne ex Roth
- Morinda turbacensis Kunth
- Morinda undulata Y.Z.Ruan
Formerly placed here
[edit]- Morinda jasminoides A.Cunn. – Sweet morinda (from Eastern Australia) is a synonym of Gynochthodes jasminoides
- Morinda officinalis F.C.How (from China) is a synonym of Gynochthodes officinalis
- Morinda trimera Hillebr. – Noni kuahiwi[8] (from Hawaii) is a synonym of Gynochthodes trimera.
- Morinda muscosa Jacq.[7] is a synonym of Psychotria muscosa (Jacq.) Steyerm.
- Note: Plants in the former genus Appunettia are now considered synonymous with Morinda.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Genus: Morinda L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1996-09-17. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ a b "Morinda L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
- ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. Vol. III: M-Q. CRC Press. p. 1730. ISBN 978-0-8493-2677-6.
- ^ Sambamurty, A.V.S.S. (2005). Taxonomy of Angiosperms. I. K. International Pvt Ltd. p. 404. ISBN 978-81-88237-16-6.
- ^ Potterat O, Hamburger M. (2007). "Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit--phytochemistry, pharmacology, safety". Planta Med. 73 (3): 191–9. doi:10.1055/s-2007-967115. PMID 17286240.
- ^ Xianggang Shi; Jianhua Jin; Chuangxing Ye; Weiqiu Liu (2012). "First fruit fossil record of Morinda (Rubiaceae) from China". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 179 (1 July): 13–16. Bibcode:2012RPaPa.179...13S. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.04.001.
- ^ a b "GRIN Species Records of Morinda". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ "Morinda". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
External links
[edit]- World Checklist of Rubiaceae
Media related to Morinda at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Morinda at Wikispecies
