Appendicitis Inflammatory Response score
| Appendicitis Inflammatory Response score | |
|---|---|
| Purpose | Diagnosis of appendicitis |
The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score is a diagnostic scoring system used to assist with the identification of appendicitis in children and adults.
History
[edit]The scoring system was developed in 2008.[1] The AIR score was developed to overcome some of the drawbacks of the Alvarado score, another diagnostic scoring system for identifying appendicitis.[2] The AIR score is one of the two scores (the other being the Adult Appendicitis Score, AAS) recommended by the 2020 World Society of Emergency Surgery clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis.[3]
Scoring and interpretation
[edit]The AIR score is calculated by tallying "points" ascribed to meeting its criteria, which are:[4]
- Vomiting (no = 0, yes = 1)
- Right iliac fossa (RIF) pain (no = 0, yes = 1)
- Rebound tenderness (none = 0, light = 1, medium = 2, strong = 3)
- Febrile (internal temperature ≥101.3°F or 38.5°C) (no = 0, yes = 1)
- Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (<70% = 0, 70-84% = 1, ≥85% = 2)
- White blood cell count (<10×109/L = 0, 10-14.9×109/L = 1, ≥15×109/L = 2)
- Serum C-reactive protein (<10 mg/dL = 0, 10-49 mg/dL = 1, >50 mg/dL = 2)
Validation
[edit]A 2017 review found that the AIR score has a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 63% if a score of 5 is used as a cut off for indicating a positive test, whereas the sensitivity is 20% and the specificity is 97% if a score of 8 is used.[5]
Limitations
[edit]While the AIR score has better predictive power than certain other diagnostic tools for appendicitis (e.g. the Alvarado score), it has only been validated in a small number of studies as of 2017[update].[5]
External links
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Andersson, Manne; Andersson, Roland E. (August 2008). "The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score: A Tool for the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis that Outperforms the Alvarado Score". World Journal of Surgery. 32 (8): 1843–1849. doi:10.1007/s00268-008-9649-y. PMID 18553045. S2CID 12194652.
- ^ de Castro, S. M. M.; Ünlü, Ç.; Steller, E. Ph.; van Wagensveld, B. A.; Vrouenraets, B. C. (July 2012). "Evaluation of the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score for Patients with Acute Appendicitis". World Journal of Surgery. 36 (7): 1540–1545. doi:10.1007/s00268-012-1521-4. PMC 3368113. PMID 22447205.
- ^ Di Saverio, Salomone; Podda, Mauro; De Simone, Belinda; Ceresoli, Marco; Augustin, Goran; Gori, Alice; Boermeester, Marja; Sartelli, Massimo; Coccolini, Federico; Tarasconi, Antonio; de'Angelis, Nicola; Weber, Dieter G.; Tolonen, Matti; Birindelli, Arianna; Biffl, Walter; Moore, Ernest E.; Kelly, Michael; Soreide, Kjetil; Kashuk, Jeffry; Ten Broek, Richard; Gomes, Carlos Augusto; Sugrue, Michael; Davies, Richard Justin; Damaskos, Dimitrios; Leppäniemi, Ari; Kirkpatrick, Andrew; Peitzman, Andrew B.; Fraga, Gustavo P.; Maier, Ronald V.; Coimbra, Raul; Chiarugi, Massimo; Sganga, Gabriele; Pisanu, Adolfo; de'Angelis, Gian Luigi; Tan, Edward; Van Goor, Harry; Pata, Francesco; Di Carlo, Isidoro; Chiara, Osvaldo; Litvin, Andrey; Campanile, Fabio C.; Sakakushev, Boris; Tomadze, Gia; Demetrashvili, Zaza; Latifi, Rifat; Abu-Zidan, Fakri; Romeo, Oreste; Segovia-Lohse, Helmut; Baiocchi, Gianluca; Costa, David; Rizoli, Sandro; Balogh, Zsolt J.; Bendinelli, Cino; Scalea, Thomas; Ivatury, Rao; Velmahos, George; Andersson, Roland; Kluger, Yoram; Ansaloni, Luca; Catena, Fausto (December 2020). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines". World Journal of Emergency Surgery. 15 (1): 27. doi:10.1186/s13017-020-00306-3. PMC 7386163. PMID 32295644.
- ^ "Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) Score". MDCalc. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- ^ a b Kularatna, Malsha; Lauti, Melanie; Haran, Cheyaanthan; MacFater, Wiremu; Sheikh, Laila; Huang, Ying; McCall, John; MacCormick, Andrew D. (July 2017). "Clinical Prediction Rules for Appendicitis in Adults: Which Is Best?". World Journal of Surgery. 41 (7): 1769–1781. doi:10.1007/s00268-017-3926-6. PMID 28258458. S2CID 2798769.