Anoectochilus
| Anoectochilus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Anoectochilus setaceus 1844 iIllustration[2] | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Cranichideae |
| Subtribe: | Goodyerinae |
| Genus: | Anoectochilus Blume[1] |
| Type species | |
| Anoectochilus setaceus Blume
| |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Anoectochilus, commonly known as marbled jewel orchids[3] or filigree orchids,[4] is a genus of about fifty species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. They are terrestrial herbs with a creeping rhizome, an upright flowering stem and dark coloured leaves with contrasting veins. The flowers are relatively large and have a large labellum, markedly different from the sepals and petals.
Description
[edit]Orchids in the genus Anoectochilus are terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs with a creeping, above-ground rhizome with wiry roots that look woolly. The leaves are arranged in a rosette and are relatively broad and thin. They are dark green or brownish purple and have a contrasting network of silvery or reddish veins. The flowers are relatively large, hairy, velvety, resupinate and arranged in a short spike. The dorsal sepal and petals overlap to form a hood over the column with the lateral sepals spreading apart from each other. The labellum is relatively large with two sections - an upper "epichile" and lower "hypochile" separated by a narrow section. The hypochile has a cylinder-shaped spur containing two large glands and is joined to the epichile with a "claw" that has spreading teeth or a long fringe. The fruit is a hairy capsule containing a large number of winged seeds.[3][4][5][6]
Taxonomy and naming
[edit]The genus Anoectochilus was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume and Anoectochilus setaceus was the first species he described, hence it is the type species.[7] The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words anoiktos (ἀνοικτός) meaning "opened" and cheilos (χεῖλος) meaning "lip".[8]
Distribution
[edit]Orchids in this genus range from the Himalayas to south China, Southeast Asia, Australia, New Guinea, Melanesia and Hawaii,[9] found in moist areas with deep shade.[3][4]
List of species
[edit]The following is a list of species recognised by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as at May 2018:[1]
- Anoectochilus albolineatus C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f. (1874) : white lines anoectochilus (Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam)
- Anoectochilus albomarginatus Loudon (1855)
- Anoectochilus annamenis (2007) (Vietnam)[10]
- Anoectochilus baotingensis (K.Y.Lang) Ormerod (2003) (China, Hainan)
- Anoectochilus brevilabris Lindl. (1840) : short-lipped Anoectochilus
- Anoectochilus brevistylus (Hook.f.) Ridl. (1907)
- Anoectochilus burmannicus Rolfe (1922)
- Anoectochilus calcareus Aver. (1996 publ. 1997).
- Anoectochilus dewildeorum Ormerod (2005) (Sumatra)
- Anoectochilus dulongensis Ormerod (2013) (Sumatra)
- Anoectochilus elatus Lindl. (1857).
- Anoectochilus emeiensis K.Y.Lang (1982)
- Anoectochilus falconis Ormerod (2005) (Malaysia)
- Anoectochilus flavescens Blume (1825).
- Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata (1914). (Chinese: 臺灣金線蓮; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-ôan kim-sòaⁿ-liân))
- Anoectochilus geniculatus Ridl. (1896) (Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra)
- Anoectochilus hainanensis H.Z.Tian, F.W.Xing & L.Li (2008).
- Anoectochilus imitans Schltr. (1906).
- Anoectochilus insignis Schltr. (1911).
- Anoectochilus integrilabris Carr (1935).
- Anoectochilus kinabaluensis (Rolfe) J.J.Wood & Ormerod (1994).
- Anoectochilus klabatensis (Schltr.) S.Thomas (2002).
- Anoectochilus koshunensis Hayata (1914).
- Anoectochilus longicalcaratus J.J.Sm. (1922).
- Anoectochilus longilobus H.Jiang & H.Z.Tian (2014).
- Anoectochilus lylei Rolfe ex Downie (1925).
- Anoectochilus malipoensis W.H.Chen & Y.M.Shui (2010).
- Anoectochilus monicae J.J.Wood (2004).
- Anoectochilus nandanensis Y.Feng Huang & X.C.Qu (2015).
- Anoectochilus narasimhanii Sumathi & al. (2003).
- Anoectochilus nicobaricus N.P.Balakr. & P.Chakra (1978 publ. 1979).
- Anoectochilus papillosus Aver. (2007).
- Anoectochilus papuanus (Schltr.) W.Kittr. (1984 publ. 1985).
- Anoectochilus pectinatus (Hook.f.) Ridl. (1907).
- Anoectochilus pingbianensis K.Y.Lang (1996).
- Anoectochilus regalis Blume (1858).
- Anoectochilus reinwardtii Blume (1858).
- Anoectochilus rhombilabius Ormerod (2002).
- Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. (1839).
- Anoectochilus sandvicensis Lindl. (1840)
- Anoectochilus setaceus Blume (1825) : bristly anoectochilus (type species)
- Anoectochilus subregularis (Rchb.f.) Ormerod (1996).
- Anoectochilus sumatranus (J.J.Sm.) J.B.Comber (2001).
- Anoectochilus xingrenensis Z.H.Tsi & X.H.Jin (2002).
- Anoectochilus yatesiae F.M.Bailey (1907) (Queensland)
- Anoectochilus zhejiangensis Z.Wei & Y.B.Chang (1989).
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Anoectochilus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Walter Hood Fitch (1817-1892) del. Swan sc. William Jackson Hooker (1785—1865) ed. - "Curtis's botanical magazine" vol. 70 tab. 4123
- ^ a b c Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 346. ISBN 1877069124.
- ^ a b c "Anoectochilus". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
- ^ "Anoectochilus". Flora of China. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
- ^ "Genus: Anoectochilus". North American Orchid Conservation Center. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
- ^ "Anoectochilus setaceus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Backer, C.A. (1936). Verklarend woordenboek der wetenschappelijke namen van de in Nederland en Nederlandsch-Indië in het wild groeiende en in tuinen en parken gekweekte varens en hoogere planten (Edition Nicoline van der Sijs).
- ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ "New plant and animal species found in Vietnam" Archived October 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine CNN. September 27, 2007.
- Ormerod Paul (2005). "Notulae Goodyerinae (II)". Taiwania. 50 (1): 1–10.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Anoectochilus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Anoectochilus at Wikispecies- Anoectochilus
- Use of Anoectochilus formosanus - Patent 7033617
- Photo and some information about Anoectochilus formosanus
