Andéramboukane
Andéramboukane | |
|---|---|
Cercle and town | |
  Andéramboukane Location in Mali | |
| Coordinates: 15°25′42″N 3°1′6″E / 15.42833°N 3.01833°E | |
| Country |  Mali |
| Region | Ménaka |
| Control |  Islamic State in the Greater Sahara[1][2][3][4] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 6,684 km2 (2,581 sq mi) |
| Population (2009 census)[6] | |
| • Total | 18,688 |
| • Density | 2.8/km2 (7.2/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+0 (not observed) |
Andéramboukane (var. Andéramboucane) is a town and cercle in Ménaka Region, Mali.[7] It lies at the extreme east of the country, several kilometers north of the Nigerien border. It was previously a commune in Ménaka Cercle but was promoted to the status of a cercle when Ménaka Region was implemented in 2016.
Andéramboukane is a rural, isolated, and largely desert area, crisscrossed by seasonal wadis, part of an ancient dry river system of the Azawagh region (the Iullemmeden Basin). The area is just south of the rocky outcrops of the Ader Douchi hills, and north of the Sahel scrubland which begins in Niger. Most of the population of the area are nomadic Tuareg or other nomadic minorities, including the Wodaabe Fula. The sedentary population is a largely low caste Tuareg community. The town is a seasonal gathering point for the Kel Dinnik Tuareg confederation, who travel from the desert Azawagh in the rainy season and the Niger River valley in the dry season.[8] Since the 1990s, the town has hosted a formalised version of the traditional fairs that take place at beginning of the southward transhumance cycle. This festival, named Tamadacht, has become a showcase of traditional and contemporary Tuareg and Wodaabe music, dance, sport, performance, and arts.
Lawlessness
[edit]The area around Andéramboukane has a reputation for lawlessness. Since the 1990s, there have been conflicts between Nigerien Fula and Malian Tuareg cattle herders in the area, and the theft of animals has been a regular occurrence. In addition, the vast empty border region is used as a route to smuggle drugs, alcohol, weapons and illegal migrants from tropical Africa to the Mediterranean.[9]
Andéramboukane was a center of Ag El Insar Firhoun's Malian rising in the larger 1916 Tuareg Rebellion, after Firhoun's rebels fled the French colonial forces from their homes near Goundam in the Timbuktu area. The region was controlled by rebel forces during the 1961–1964, 1990–1995, 2007–2009, and the 2012 Tuareg Rebellions.
2009 kidnapping
[edit]On 22 January 2009, four foreign tourists were kidnapped in Ménaka Cercle, while traveling by car from a festival at Andéramboukane on the main road to Ménaka, and on to Gao. One Briton, one German, and two Swiss citizens were reportedly kidnapped. One of their vehicles escaped the attack, and one which was seized was later found abandoned across the border near Bani-Bangou, Niger.[10][11][12][13]
On 1 June, an Al-Qaeda website claimed that the Briton, Edwin Dyer, had been killed following demands for the release of the radical Muslim cleric Abu Qatada from a British jail.[14]
References
[edit]- ^ "Actor Profile: The Islamic State Sahel Province". 13 January 2023.
- ^ "UN sounds alarm over jihadist terror toll in Sahel region". 1 April 2022.
- ^ "Islamic State in the Greater Sahara" (PDF).
- ^ "CEP-KAS: Sahel Monitoring December 2022".
- ^ Common and Fundamental Operational Datasets Registry: Mali, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, archived from the original on 2012-12-14. commune_mali.zip (Originally from the Direction Nationale des Collectivités Territoriales, République du Mali)
- ^ Resultats Provisoires RGPH 2009 (Région de Gao) (PDF) (in French), République de Mali: Institut National de la Statistique, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22.
- ^ "Première caravane de la paix dans la nouvelle région de Ménaka : la MINUSMA s'associe aux autorités régionales pour sa réussite" (in French). MINUSMA. 28 November 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
- ^ Imperato, Pascal James (1986). Historical Dictionary of Mali. Metuchen NJ - London: Scarecrow Press. pp. 85, 144–145, 193. ISBN 0-8108-1369-6.
- ^ Une zone désertique et dangereuse[permanent dead link]. RSR Swiss news. 23 January 2009.
- ^ Tourists 'kidnapped in Niger'. January 22, 2009. AFP.
- ^ Mali - Niger. Des touristes européens enlevés au Niger. January 22, 2009. Afrik
- ^ European tourists seized in Niger. 23 January 2009. Al Jazeera.
- ^ Mali says Tuareg rebels abduct group of tourists. Thu Jan 22, 2009. Reuters.
- ^ Al-Qaeda 'kills British hostage'
External links
[edit]
- Plan de Sécurité Alimentaire Commune Rurale de Anderamboukane 2005-2009 (PDF) (in French), Commissariat à la Sécurité Alimentaire, République du Mali, USAID-Mali, 2005, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-21, retrieved 2012-07-07.
- Etude Santé Mobile: Analyse de l'état de la santé mobile à Andéramboukane et propositions pour rendre le système plus efficace et durable (English summary) (in French), Stagiaire SNV Gao[permanent dead link].
- Situation des points d'eau modernes au Mali en 2003: Commune de Anderamboukane, Ministère des Mines, de l'Energie et de l'Eau, République du Mali, 2003[permanent dead link].