American Wedding (song)
"American Wedding" | |
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Song by Frank Ocean | |
from the album Nostalgia, Ultra | |
Released | February 16, 2011 |
Songwriter(s) | |
Producer(s) |
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"American Wedding" is a song by American alternative R&B singer Frank Ocean, originally included on his 2011 mixtape Nostalgia, Ultra. The song was eventually removed from streaming platforms after the Eagles threatened legal action for its unauthorized use of the 1977 song "Hotel California".
Composition and lyrics
[edit]Ocean's vocals are covered over the instrumental of the Eagles' 1977 single "Hotel California".[1] Ocean sings of a failed and hasty romance in the song.[2] Ocean references the 1990 film Pretty Woman and the 1999 film Runaway Bride in the lyrics, both co-starring Julia Roberts, who plays a woman notorious for leaving a trio of fiancés at the altar on their wedding day, and Richard Gere; Ocean compares himself to Gere, with his bride leaving him. Ocean further references the Kennedy family, a prominent family in American politics, exemplifying the contrast between sophistication and a backdrop of tragedies.[failed verification] The relationship between Ocean and the unnamed bride comes to an abrupt end, with Ocean remarking that his Ford Mustang is all he has to his name in the divorce proceedings, exposing his youth and the rush into the marriage.[3][4] The song critiques American individualism, suggesting that marriage should be out of love rather than materialism.[5] American Wedding features vocals by James Fauntleroy for the song's outro.[citation needed]
Critical reception
[edit]Steven Hyden of The A.V. Club described "American Wedding" as Ocean's "boldest move", calling the song "dark, playful, a little tasteless, and absolutely riveting".[6]
Sampling controversy
[edit]The track heavily incorporates the instrumental arrangement of the Eagles' song without obtaining proper licensing. In 2012, representatives of Don Henley, the Eagles' lead vocalist and co-writer of "Hotel California", issued a cease-and-desist letter, threatening legal action if Ocean continued to perform or distribute the song.[7]
Henley criticized Ocean's use of the track, stating that it amounted to copyright infringement rather than artistic reinterpretation.[8] The legal threats led to the removal of "American Wedding" from streaming platforms and music-sharing websites like YouTube. Henley’s team also warned Ocean against performing the song live, prompting Ocean to address the situation on his Tumblr blog.[9] He expressed frustration at the legal actions, asserting that the track was a free release and intended to honor the original, not to generate profit:
"He (They) threatened to sue if I perform it again. I think that's fuckin awesome... Ain't this guy rich as fuck? Why sue the new guy? I didn't make a dime off that song. I released it for free."[10]
Ocean continued to perform the song occasionally with a reworked arrangement that omitted the Eagles' copyrighted material. Many critics defended Ocean, highlighting that the track was part of a non-commercial mixtape, a format where sampling is common practice, and argued that live reinterpretations of well-known songs are often accepted.[11][failed verification]
In 2015, Henley called Ocean a "talentless little prick" in an interview.[12] His remarks drew backlash, with media outlets accusing him of hypocrisy for condemning Ocean while overlooking the influence of African-American genres, like R&B, on the Eagles' music.[citation needed]
References
[edit]- ^ "Eagles Consider Legal Action Against Frank Ocean". The Rolling Stones. March 1, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ "Grammys 2013: Listen to the 10 best Frank Ocean songs". The Denver Post. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ "Frank Ocean's "American Wedding" Is Forever the Sound of American Heartbreak". DJ Booth. January 15, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ "The Beginning of the Frank Ocean Mythos: "nostalgia, ULTRA" Revisited on its 10-Year Anniversary". The UCSD Guardian. February 21, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ "Missing Music: Frank Ocean's Debut Mixtape". The Daily Athenaeum. October 29, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ "Frank Ocean: Nostalgia, Ultra". The A.V. Club. March 15, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ Brown, August (March 2, 2012). "The Eagles' rep responds to Frank Ocean's 'Hotel California' sample". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 2, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ "The Eagles and Frank Ocean clash over Hotel California sample". The Guardian. March 2, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ "Don Henley Slams 'Arrogant' Frank Ocean for Using 'Hotel' Music". The Hollywood Reporter. June 4, 2014. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ Jenn, Pelly (March 2, 2012). "Frank Ocean Vs. the Eagles: The Plot Thickens". Pitchfork Media. Viacom. Archived from the original on March 3, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ "Odd Future's Frank Ocean: 'I'm paying homage to The Eagles' Don Henley'". NME. March 2, 2012. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ "The musician Don Henley called "a talentless little prick"". Far Out Magazine. December 2, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2024.