Alsophila manniana
| Spiny tree fern | |
|---|---|
| |
| Habit in Bunga Forest, Zimbabwe | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Cyatheales |
| Family: | Cyatheaceae |
| Genus: | Alsophila |
| Species: | A. manniana
|
| Binomial name | |
| Alsophila manniana (William Hooker) R.M.Tryon[2]
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Alsophila manniana, synonym Cyathea manniana, the spiny tree fern or sheshino, is a species of tree fern. It is readily identified by the fierce spines on its trunk, and is widespread in the tropical regions of Africa.
Description
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Alsophila manniana has a slender trunk (10 cm diameter), reaching some 7 m in height, sometimes producing lateral stems which initially function as props or stilts, but later may form new trunks. Fronds are leathery. Stems are protected by spines; aphlebia are absent in the crown of the stem.
Caudex up to 10 cm. in diarn., and up to 6 m. tall, erect, slender, occasionally sending down lateral "prop" stems which are eventually creeping and may form a new upright caudex. Frond arching to horizontal, firmly chartaceous. Stipe c. 30 cm. long, light- to very-dark-purplish-brown, sharply spinose, the spines at the base up to 4 mm. long, and with a thin rufous tomentum when young. Lamina up to 2.4 x 1 m., 3-pinnate, ovate in outline; pinnae up to 52 x 20 cm., oblong, acute, pinnate into very narrowly shortly attenuate pinnate pinnules; pinnule segments very narrowly oblong, somewhat falcate, acute, subentire to crenate-dentate; ventral surface glabrous except for dense stiff curved pale-brown hairs along the costa and costules; dorsal surface often glaucous and with often imbricate lanceolate lacerate brown scales up to 3 mm. long along the costules and costae of the pinnae segments; rhachis light-brown with scattered small prickles, glabrous at maturity. Sori up to 9 per pinnule segment, c. 0.8 mm. in diam.; indusium unequally cupuliform.
— Original Hooker description from 1865
This species was first described by William Hooker in 'Synopsis Filicum' 21 (1865), based on a specimen collected on Fernando Po by Gustav Mann (1836–1916), a German botanist who led expeditions to West Africa and was also a gardener at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and consequently named after Mann.[3]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]This species is found in deep shade, next to mountain streams in evergreen forest in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is indigenous to Angola, Annobón, Bioko, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, DRC, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tomé, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Medicinal
[edit]An infusion of the pith and young leaves is used in traditional medicine for a variety of abdominal and gastric complaints, to ease childbirth and against tapeworms.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Palmer-Newton, A. (2018). "Cyathea manniana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T120146607A120146620. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T120146607A120146620.en. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ a b Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (June 2019). "Alsophila manniana". Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Archived from the original on 2017-09-02. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
- ^ "Tropicos | Name - Cyathea manniana Hook". www.tropicos.org. Retrieved 2017-08-01.
- ^ "prelude — Royal Museum for Central Africa - Tervuren - Belgium". www.africamuseum.be. Retrieved 2017-08-01.
External links
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