Jump to content

Aleksandar Vučić

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Aleksandar Vucic)

Aleksandar Vučić
Александар Вучић
Vučić in 2019
President of Serbia
Incumbent
Assumed office
31 May 2017
Prime MinisterIvica Dačić (acting)
Ana Brnabić
Ivica Dačić (acting)
Miloš Vučević
Preceded byTomislav Nikolić
Prime Minister of Serbia
In office
28 April 2014 – 31 May 2017
PresidentTomislav Nikolić
DeputyIvica Dačić
Rasim Ljajić
Zorana Mihajlović
Kori Udovički
Nebojša Stefanović
Preceded byIvica Dačić
Succeeded byIvica Dačić (acting)
Ana Brnabić
First Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia
In office
27 July 2012 – 27 April 2014
Prime MinisterIvica Dačić
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byIvica Dačić
Minister of Defence
In office
27 July 2012 – 2 September 2013
Prime MinisterIvica Dačić
Preceded byDragan Šutanovac
Succeeded byNebojša Rodić
Minister of Information
In office
24 March 1998 – 24 October 2000
Prime MinisterMirko Marjanović
Preceded byRadmila Milentijević
Succeeded byIvica Dačić
Biserka Matić-Spasojević
Bogoljub Pejčić
Personal details
Born (1970-03-05) 5 March 1970 (age 54)
Belgrade, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia
Political partySRS (1993–2008)
SNS (2008–present)
Spouses
Ksenija Janković
​
​
(m. 1997; div. 2011)​
​
(m. 2013)​
Children3
Parents
  • Anđelko Vučić
  • Angelina Milovanov
RelativesAndrej Vučić (brother)
Alma materUniversity of Belgrade
Signature
Websitevucic.rs
This article is part of
a series about
Aleksandar Vučić
  • Offices

Minister of Information (1998–2000)
Minister of Defence (2012–2013)
Deputy Prime Minister (2012–2014)

Premiership

Elections

President of Serbia

Elections

Family

For the Australian tennis player, see Aleksandar Vukic.

Aleksandar Vučić (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Вучић, pronounced [aleksǎːndar vǔtʃitɕ]; born 5 March 1970)[1] is a Serbian politician serving as the president of Serbia since 2017.[2] A founding member of the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), he previously served as the president of the SNS from 2012 to 2023,[3] first deputy prime minister from 2012 to 2014, and prime minister of Serbia from 2014 to 2017.

Born in Belgrade, Vučić graduated as a lawyer from the Faculty of Law of University of Belgrade. Vučić began his political career in 1993, as a member of the far-right Serbian Radical Party (SRS) in the National Assembly of Serbia. In 1995, he became the secretary-general of SRS. He was appointed minister of information in 1998 in the government of Mirko Marjanović. During his tenure as minister, which lasted until the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević in 2000, Vučić introduced restrictive measures against journalists and banned foreign TV networks.[4][5] After 2000, he was one of the most prominent figures in the Serbian opposition. Together with Tomislav Nikolić, Vučić left SRS and co-founded SNS in 2008, initially serving as its deputy president. SNS became the largest party in the 2012 election and SNS soon formed a government with the Socialist Party of Serbia. Vučić was appointed first deputy prime minister and elected president of SNS.

Despite not being prime minister, Vučić held the most influence and power due to being the leader of the largest party in the government.[6][7][8] He was one of the crucial figures in cooperation and European Union (EU)-mediated dialogue between the governments of Kosovo and Serbia, advocating the implementation of the Brussels Agreement on the normalization of their relations. Vučić became prime minister in 2014, leading to the establishment of a dominant-party system.[9][10][11] He continued the accession process to the EU by privatizing state businesses and liberalizing the economy.[12] EU opened first chapters during the accession conference with the Serbian delegation led by Vučić in 2015. In 2017, Vučić was elected president of Serbia. He was re-elected in 2022.

During his tenure as president, Vučić initiated Open Balkan, an economic zone of Balkan countries intended to guarantee "four freedoms", and signed an agreement in September 2020 to normalize economic relations with Kosovo. A populist politician, Vučić supports the accession of Serbia to the EU but also wants to retain good relations with Russia and China. Observers have described Vučić's rule as an authoritarian, autocratic or illiberal democratic regime, citing curtailed press freedom and a decline in civil liberties.[13][14][15][16] Those who view the results of Vučić's administration affirmatively highlight economic growth and the pursuit of pragmatic and balanced policies.[17]

Early life and education

Aleksandar Vučić was born in Belgrade to Anđelko Vučić and Angelina Milovanov. He has a younger brother, Andrej.[18]

His paternal ancestors came from Čipuljić, near Bugojno, in Central Bosnia. They were expelled by the Croatian fascists (Ustaše) during World War II and settled near Belgrade, where his father was born.[19] According to Vučić, his paternal grandfather Anđelko and tens of other close relatives were killed by the Ustaše.[20]

His mother was born in Bečej in Vojvodina.[19] Both of his parents were economics graduates. His father worked as an economist, and his mother as a journalist.[19]

Vučić was raised in New Belgrade,[19] where he attended the Branko Radičević Elementary School, and later a gymnasium in Zemun. He graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law. He learned English in Brighton, England, and worked as a merchant in London for some time. After returning to Yugoslavia, he worked as a journalist in Pale, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina. There, he interviewed politician Radovan Karadžić and once played chess with general Ratko Mladić.[21] As a youngster, Vučić was a fan of Red Star Belgrade, often attending their matches,[21] including the one played between Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star on 13 May 1990, which turned into a huge riot.[22] The homes of his relatives were destroyed in the Bosnian War.[20]

Political career

Vučić joined the Serbian Radical Party (SRS) in 1993, a far right party whose core ideology is based on Serbian nationalism and the goal of creating a Greater Serbia,[23][24] and was elected to the National Assembly following the 1993 parliamentary election. Two years later, Vučić became secretary-general of the SRS. He was one of the SRS's volunteers who visited the army that kept Sarajevo under the siege.[25][26] After his party won the local elections in Zemun in 1996, he became the director of Pinki Hall,[27] which was his first employment.

Minister of Information (1998–2000)

See also: Propaganda during the Yugoslav Wars

In March 1998, Vučić was appointed Minister of Information in the government of Mirko Marjanović.[28] Scholars described Vučić as the crucial figure in the shaping of turn-of-the century media policies in Serbia.[29] Following rising resentment against Milošević, Vučić introduced fines for journalists who criticized the government and banned foreign TV networks.[30] He recalled in 2014 that he was wrong and had changed, stating "I was not ashamed to confess all my political mistakes".[31]

During this period, Serbian media was accused for broadcasting Serbian nationalist propaganda, which demonized ethnic minorities and legitimized Serb atrocities against them.[32] In 1998, the government adopted Europe's most restrictive media law by the end of the 20th century, which created a special misdemeanor court to try violations. It had the ability to impose heavy fines and to confiscate property if they were not immediately paid.[33][29] Serbian media were under severe repression of the state, and that foreign media had been seen as "foreign elements" and "spies".[29] Human Rights Watch reported that five independent newspaper editors were charged with disseminating misinformation because they referred to Albanians who had died in Kosovo as "people" rather than "terrorists".[34] The government crackdown on independent media intensified when NATO forces were threatening intervention in Kosovo in late September and early October 1998. Furthermore, the government also maintained direct control of state radio and television, which provided news for the majority of the population.[34] After the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia began in March 1999, Vučić called for a meeting of all Belgrade's editors. Print media were ordered to submit all copies to the Ministry for approval and they were allowed to publish only official statements and information taken from media outlets, which either are controlled by the state or practice radical self-censorship.[29] Vučić also ordered all NATO countries journalists to leave the country.[29]

Radical Party to Progressive Party

Vučić and Tomislav Nikolić on the founding congress of the Serbian Progressive Party, Belgrade, 2008

Tomislav Nikolić, deputy leader of the Radical Party and de facto interim leader due to absence of Vojislav Šešelj, resigned on 6 September 2008 because of disagreement with Šešelj over the party's support for Serbia's EU membership. With some other well-known Radical Party members he formed a new parliamentary club called "Napred Srbijo!" (Forward Serbia!). On 12 September 2008, Nikolić and his group were officially ejected from the Radical Party on the session of SRS leadership. Vučić, as secretary-general was called to attend this session, but he did not appear. Tomislav Nikolić announced he would form his own party and called Vučić to join. Vučić, one of the most popular figures among SRS supporters, resigned from Radical Party on 14 September 2008.[35] The next day, Vučić announced his temporary withdrawal from politics.[36]

Vučić and U.S. secretary of defense Leon Panetta in Washington, D.C. in 2012

On 6 October 2008, Vučić confirmed in a TV interview that he was to join the newly formed Nikolić's Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) and that he would be the Deputy President of the party. He then seemed to change his positions. In 2010 he made statements such as a "horrible crime was committed in Srebrenica", saying he felt "ashamed" of the Serbs who did it. "I do not hide that I have changed... I am proud of that." he told AFP in an interview in 2012. "I was wrong, I thought I was doing the best for my country, but I saw the results and we failed, We need to admit that."[37]

Minister of Defence and First Deputy Prime Minister (2012–2014)

Vučić briefly served as minister of defence and first deputy prime minister from July 2012 to August 2013, when he stepped down from his position of defence minister in a cabinet reshuffle. Although the prime minister, Ivica Dačić Deba, held formal power as head of government, many analysts thought that Vučić had the most influence in government as head of the largest party in the governing coalition and parliament.[30]

Prime Minister (2014–2017)

Vučić with US vice president Mike Pence (2017)

2014 parliamentary election

Main article: 2014 Serbian parliamentary election

As a result of the 2014 parliamentary election, Vučić's Serbian Progressive Party won 158 out of 250 seats in Parliament and formed a ruling coalition with the Socialist Party of Serbia. Vučić was elected Prime Minister of Serbia.

2016 parliamentary election

Main article: 2016 Serbian parliamentary election

At a party conference of his ruling Serbian Progressive Party, Vučić announced early general elections, citing that: 'He wants to ensure that the country has stable rule that its current political direction will continue – including its attempt to secure membership of the EU.'[38] On 4 March 2016, Serbian president, Tomislav Nikolić, dissolved the parliament, scheduling early elections for 24 April.[39] The ruling coalition around Vučić's SNS obtained 48.25% of the vote.[40][41] Vučić's ruling SNS retained majority in the parliament, despite winning less seats than in 2014 parliamentary election. The coalition around SNS won 131 seats, 98 of which belong to SNS.[42]

2017 presidential election

Main article: 2017 Serbian presidential election
President Aleksandar Vučić with Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi

Vučić announced his candidacy in the presidential election on 14 February 2017, despite earlier statements that he would not run.[43] According to the Constitution, Serbia is a parliamentary republic in which the presidency is largely ceremonial with no significant executive power.[44]

After initial speculations that the incumbent president, Tomislav Nikolić, would also run, he backed Vučić and his ruling SNS party. Vučić won the election in the first round, having obtained 56.01 percent of the vote. The independent candidate, Saša Janković was second with 16.63 percent, ahead of satirical politician Luka Maksimović and former minister of foreign affairs Vuk Jeremić.[45]

A public opinion survey, carried out by CeSID, showed that significant proportions of Vučić supporters are composed of pensioners (41%) and that a large majority of them (63%) hold secondary education degrees, while 21% don't even have a high school degree.[46]

President (2017–present)

250
Isaac Herzog, President of Israel, President of Serbia, Aleksandar Vučić, and Idit Ohel, the mother of the abductee to Gaza, Alon Ohel. September 2024

The election result sparked protests around Serbia. Thousands of protesters accused Vučić of leading the country towards authoritarianism. Protesters organized the rallies through social media, insisted that they are not linked to any party or politician, and demanded a total overhaul of what they call "corrupt political, business and media systems that serve an elite led by Mr Vučić".[47] Vučić maintained that the protests were organized by his political opponents who expected "the dictator would bring the police into the streets."[48]

However, Vučić was sworn in as President of Serbia on 31 May, in front of Parliament.[49] He promised to continue with reforms and said Serbia will remain on a European path. Vučić also said Serbia will maintain military neutrality, but continue to build partnerships with both NATO and Russia.[50]

After becoming president, Vučić disbanded the traditional police security service responsible for president's protection, and replaced it with members of the Cobras, military police unit which contrary to the law, protected him while he served as the prime minister from 2014 to 2017.[51]

During late 2018 and early 2019, thousands of Serbs took to the streets to protest the presidency of Vučić. The protesters accused Vučić and the SNS of corruption and stated that Vučić is trying to cement himself as an autocrat, which he denied.[52][53] In 2019, Freedom House's report downgraded Serbia's status from Free to Partly Free due to the deterioration in the conduct of elections, continued attempts by the government and allied media outlets to undermine independent journalists through legal harassment and smear campaigns, and Vučić's accumulation of executive powers that conflict with his constitutional role.[54]

President Vučić with Prime Minister of Spain Pedro Sánchez during his official visit to Spain (2022)

After Vučić's announcement of the reintroduction of lockdown in July 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, thousands of people protested, accusing the government of missteps in handling of the pandemic, including the premature lifting of restrictions and downplaying the risk to hold the elections.[55][56] Some analysts said that they had not witnessed police brutality which occurred during the protest since the Slobodan Milošević's regime.[55]

According to Amnesty International's annual report for 2021, Vučić's mandate is characterized by human rights violations, restrictions on freedom of expression and campaigns of harassment against the opposition figures, journalists and media outlets.[57]

Vučić participated in the 2022 general election as the presidential candidate of the Serbian Progressive Party. He won 58% of the popular vote in the first round, and secured his second mandate as president of Serbia.[58] Vučić announced the formation of the People's Movement for the State in March 2023.[59]

Following the Belgrade school shooting and Mladenovac and Smederevo shootings in May 2023, large-scale anti-government protests took place against Vučić's rule. As a result, Vučić promised that early parliamentary elections would be held before the end of the year.[60]

Policies

Economy

Further information: Economy of Serbia
President Aleksandar Vučić with Chancellor of Germany Olaf Scholz, Belgrade, on 19 July 2024.

After his election as prime minister in 2014, Vučić promoted austerity-based economic policies, whose aim was to reduce Serbia's budget deficit. Vučić's policy of fiscal consolidation was primarily aimed at cuts in the public sector. One of the measures was the reduction of pensions and salaries in the public sector as well as a ban on further employment in the public sector.[61] On 23 February 2015, Vučić's government has concluded a three-year stand-by arrangement with the IMF worth €1.2 billion as a precautionary measure to secure the country's long term fiscal stability.[62] The IMF has praised the reforms as has the EU[63][64] calling them one of the most successful programmes the IMF has ever had. The GDP of Serbia has surpassed the pre crisis of 2008 levels as have the salaries.[65] The economic prospects are good with GDP growth rising above 3% and the debt to GDP ratio falling below 68%[66][63]

Corruption and organized crime

Further information: Corruption in Serbia, Crime in Serbia, and Serbian mafia

Vučić has pledged to tackle corruption and organized crime in Serbia.[67] He also vowed to investigate controversial privatizations and ties between tycoons and former government members.[30][68]

On the other hand, data from the Transparency International showed that a significant increase in perceived corruption was seen exactly from 2012, when Vučić came into power.[69] According to research conducted by the Centre for Investigative Journalism, the battle against corruption in practice comes down to media announcements and arrests in front of cameras. "They are followed by a large number of criminal charges, significantly fewer indictments, and even fewer convictions".[69][70]

In May 2023, the New York Times published an article by journalist Robert F. Worth which described alleged ties between Vučić and organized crime in Serbia, particularly its leader Veljko Belivuk. It detailed crimes committed by the Belivuk criminal gang and court transcripts in which Belivuk stated he had met Vučić, worked directly under him and provided services such as intimidating political rivals.[71][72] Vučić called the allegations "lies", claiming the article was ordered by the CIA months prior to send him a message and that it was written in Belgrade; accusations which Worth rejected.[73]

EU and Immigration policy

Further information: Accession of Serbia to the European Union

During the 2015 – 2016 European migrant crisis, Vučić strongly aligned himself with the policies of the German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, and publicly praised German migration policy.[citation needed] Vučić also stated that Serbia will cooperate with the EU in solving the migrant stream going from the Middle East to EU member countries through the Balkan route, and that Serbia will be ready to take some portion of the migrants. "Serbia will receive a certain number of migrants. This makes us more European than some member states. We don't build fences," Vučić wrote on Twitter, while criticizing the migrant policies of some EU member countries.[74]

Policy towards Kosovo

Further information: Political status of Kosovo and Kosovo–Serbia relations

Until the new coalition government was formed in 2012, during the time he served as the secretary general of the Serbian Radical Party, the largest opposition party at the time, as well as during his position of the vice president of then newly formed Serbian Progressive Party, in 2008, Vučić was highly critical towards Koštunica and Cvetković's administrations, and offered a "reversal" of the agreements made by Borko Stefanović and the other officials during the negotiation process. However, upon forming the government Vucic stated how "we [the government of Serbia] cannot pretend that that [the former administration] was some different state which made the deals".

Vučić was one of the key political figures in the negotiation process on Serbia's bid for EU accession, traveling to Brussels for talks with the EU's Foreign Affairs High Commissioner, Baroness Ashton, as well as to North Mitrovica to discuss the details of a political settlement between on behalf of the Government of Serbia and Kosovo administration.[75][76] During his visit to North Kosovo, to garner support for the Brussels-brokered deal, he urged Kosovo Serbs to "leave the past and think about the future".[68]

Vučić (left), Donald Trump, President of the United States (middle), and Avdullah Hoti, Prime Minister of Kosovo (right), signing the 2020 Kosovo and Serbia economic agreement in the White House

In 2017, Vučić criticized the EU for "hypocrisy and double standards over its very different attitude towards separatist crises in Kosovo and Catalonia".[77] In September 2018 in a speech to Kosovo Serbs he stated: "Slobodan Milošević was a great Serbian leader, he had the best intentions, but our results were far worse."[78] Journalists[which?] report that Vučić advocates the partition of Kosovo, in what he refers to as "ethnic demarcation with Albanians".[79][80][81][82]

On 27 May 2019, during a special session of the Serbian parliament on Kosovo, Vučić said: "We need to recognize that we have been defeated... We lost the territory."[83] while also criticizing the 'unprincipled attitude of great powers' and "no one reacting to announcements for the formation of a Greater Albania".[84] He stated that Serbia no longer controlled Kosovo and that a compromise was needed on the issue through a future referendum in the country.[83] Vučić has close links to the Serb List and he invited Kosovo Serbs to vote for them in the elections.[85][86]

On 20 January 2020, Serbia and Kosovo agreed to restore flights between their capitals for the first time in more than two decades.[87][88] The deal came after months of diplomatic talks by Richard Grenell, the United States ambassador to Germany, who was named special envoy for Serbia-Kosovo relations by President Donald Trump the year before.[87] Vučić welcomed the flights agreement and tweeted his thanks to American diplomats.[89]

On 4 September 2020 Serbia and Kosovo signed an agreement at the White House in Washington D.C., in the presence of US president Donald Trump. In addition to the economic agreement, Serbia agreed to move its Israeli embassy to Jerusalem from Tel Aviv starting in June 2021 and Israel and Kosovo agreed to mutually recognise each other.[90]

Open Balkan

Open Balkan Summit
Main article: Open Balkan

On 10 October 2019, together with Edi Rama, Prime Minister of Albania, and Zoran Zaev, Prime Minister of North Macedonia, Vučić signed the so-called Mini Schengen (now known as Open Balkan) deal on regional economic cooperation, including on the free movement of goods, capital, services, and labor between their three countries, while they await progress on EU enlargement.[91] A month later, the leaders presented a set of proposals to achieve the "four freedoms" and the first steps towards them, including the possibility to the open border area.[92] In December, the three leaders also met with Milo Đukanović, President of Montenegro, opening the possibility for the country to join the zone.[93] Following the 2020 Kosovo and Serbia economic agreement the two sides pledged to join the Mini Schengen Zone.[94]

Relations with Croatia

Further information: Croatia–Serbia relations

In 2007 Vučić stated that the Democratic League of Croats in Vojvodina is a branch of the Croatian Democratic Union.[95] In 2008, with the establishment of the Serbian Progressive Party, Vučić said that the goal of a Greater Serbia taking Croatian territory up to the proposed Virovitica-Karlovac-Karlobag line "is unrealistic and silly".[96] The Croatian newspaper Jutarnji list claimed in a reportage that none of his family members had been killed during World War II, upon which he replied that these were "brutal lies and attacks on his family".[20]

During 2015 and 2016, relations between Croatia and Serbia were further affected by to the ongoing migrant crisis, when Croatia decided to close its border with Serbia. In September 2015, Croatia barred all cargo traffic from Serbia,[97] due to the migrant influx coming from Serbia in a move which further eroded the fragile relations between the two countries. In response to these actions, Vučić announced that counter measures will be enacted if an agreement with Croatia is not reached.[98] The dispute was eventually resolved through the mediation of the EU Commission, yet the relations between the two neighboring countries remain fragile.

On 31 March 2016, Vojislav Seselj, leader of the Serbian Radical Party, was acquitted of War Crime charges in the Hague Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia. The verdict has caused controversy in Croatia. Vučić distanced himself from Šešelj and his policy, but stated that the verdict should not be used as a tool for political pressure on Serbia.

On 7 April 2016, Croatia refused to endorse the EU Commission opinion to open Chapter 23, a part of Serbia's EU accession negotiations, thus effectively blocking Serbia' EU integration process. Serbia accused Croatia of obstructing its EU membership, and Vučić said that his government was: "Stunned by Croatia's decision not to support Serbia's European path."[99] Croatia has not agreed for Serbia to open negotiations of Chapter 23. On 14 April 2016, the EU Commission rejected Croatian arguments in its dispute with Serbia.[100]

On 23 May 2023 Vučić accused Croatia of attempting to topple the government in Serbia.[101]

Relations with Russia

Further information: Russia–Serbia relations
President Vučić with Russian president Vladimir Putin, Belgrade
President Aleksandar Vučić with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu during the 2018 Moscow Victory Day Parade

Vučić has maintained traditional good relations between Serbia and Russia, and his government refused to enact sanctions on Russia, following the crisis in Ukraine and the Annexation of Crimea. Vučić has repeatedly announced that Serbia will remain committed to its European integration, but also maintain historic relations with Russia. "We have proven our sincere and friendly attitude to Russia by being one of the European countries that refused to impose sanctions on Russia," Vučić said after meeting with Russian prime minister Dmitry Medvedev. "Serbia will continue pursuing this policy in the future."[102]

During Vučić's mandate, Serbia has continued to expand its economic ties with Russia, especially by increasing Serbian exports to Russia. In early 2016, after a meeting with the Russian deputy prime minister Dmitry Rogozin, Vučić announced the possibility of Serbia boosting its military cooperation with Russia by purchasing Russian missile systems.[103]

In December 2017, Vučić made an official visit to the Russian Federation for the first time as the president of Serbia.[104] He expressed his gratefulness to Russia for protecting Serbian national interests, and stated that: "Serbia will never impose sanctions on the Russian Federation (in relation to the international sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis)".[104] During his visit, he focused on strengthening cooperation in the field of military industry and energy.[104]

On 25 February 2022, Vučić said Serbia would not impose sanctions against Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[105][106]

On 24 February 2024, Croatian foreign minister Gordan Grlić-Radman described Vučić as a Russian "satellite" in the Balkans during an interview on N1, adding that Vucic must decide whether to side with Russia or the European Union "because it is impossible and uncomfortable sitting on two chairs at the same time." Vučić denied the allegation, saying that Grlić-Radman "brutally interferes in the internal affairs of Serbia, but as usual he lies and insults the Serbian people and threatens its citizens." The Serbian foreign ministry issued a note of protest saying that it expected Croatian officials to "refrain from statements that represent interference in the internal affairs of Serbia and will lead a policy of reconciliation and good-neighborly relations between the two states."[107]

Relations with the United States

Further information: Serbia–United States relations

In July 2017 Vučić visited the United States and met with U.S. vice president Mike Pence, where they discussed U.S. support for Serbia's efforts to join the European Union, the need for continued reforms, and further progress in normalizing the relationship with Kosovo.[108] Referencing the proposed land swap arrangement between Serbia and Kosovo, U.S. national security advisor John Bolton has said that the United States would not oppose a territorial exchange between Kosovo and Serbia to resolve their long-running dispute. The U.S. State Department continues to maintain that the full normalization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo is "essential for regional stability", which Vučić has said before.[109]

Relations with China

Further information: China–Serbia relations

Vučić has sought closer cooperation with China.[110][111] He has met with Chinese president Xi Jinping in 2016,[112] 2018,[113] and 2019.[114] After meeting with Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi, he secured Chinese help in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia through delivery of PPE and CoronaVac vaccine doses,[115] which has contributed to Serbia leading COVID-19 vaccination rates in Europe.[116][117] In October 2023, he signed a free-trade deal with China.[118] During an interview with China Global Television Network in February 2024, Vucic said, "Taiwan is China — and it’s up to you what, when and how you’re going to do it — full stop".[119]

Vučić and Mike Pompeo address reporters before their bilateral meeting in Washington (2020)

The media

Further information: Mass media in Serbia and Media freedom in Serbia

In 2014, Dunja Mijatović, OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, wrote Vučić and made attention with the suppression of the media, which he denied and demanded an apology from OSCE.[120] According to the 2015 Freedom House report and the 2017 Amnesty International report, media outlets and journalists has become subject to pressure after criticizing the government of Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić.[121][122] Serbian media are also heavily dependent on advertising contracts and government subsidies which make journalists and media outlets exposed to economic pressures, such as payment defaults, termination of contracts and the like.[121] Four popular political talk TV programs were canceled in 2014, including the renowned political talk show Utisak nedelje by Olja Bećković, running since 24 years and well known for its critical scrutiny of all governments since.[121][123] In first report after Vučić took the office, European Commission expressed concerns about deteriorating conditions for the full exercise of freedom of expression.[124] Report said there was a growing trend of self-censorship which combined with undue influence on editorial policies.[124] Reports published in 2016 and 2018 stated that no progress was made to improve conditions for the full exercise of freedom of expression.[125][126] In July 2016, the ruling party organized an exhibition of government-critical press articles and social media posts, labeled as 'lies', saying that they wanted to document wrongful attacks and to prove there is no official censorship.[127][128][129] In 2017, Freedom House reported that Serbia posted one of the largest single-year declines in press freedom among all the countries and territories. Also, they emphasized that Vučić had sought to squeeze critical media out of the market and discredit the few journalists with the funds and fortitude to keep working.[130] Some commentators have described that Vučić built the cult of personality, with the significant role of mass media.[131][132][133][134][135][136][137]

Vučić with journalists during European People's Party Congress in Helsinki (2018)

Observers described that during the campaign for the 2017 presidential election, Vučić had ten times more airtime on national broadcasters than all other candidates combined and mainstream media under Vučić's control have been demonizing most of the opposition presidential candidates, without giving them the opportunity to respond.[138][139] Organizations that observed the elections emphasized that the presence of Vučić in newspaper and the electronic media during the presidential campaign was disproportionate, adding that media have lost their critical role and that they have become a means of political propaganda.[140][141] The OSCE Report explains that general reluctance of media to report critically on or to challenge the governing authorities, significantly reduced the amount of impartial information available to voters.[142] They also mentioned that the government used public resources to support Vučić.[142] Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch reported harassment and physical assaults on journalists during the presidential inauguration ceremony, after Vučić won the elections.[122][143]

Within five years of President Aleksandar Vučić in effect governing the country, Serbia has become a place where practicing journalism is neither safe nor supported by the state. The number of attacks on media is on the rise, including death threats, and inflammatory rhetoric targeting journalists is increasingly coming from the governing officials.

— Reporters Without Borders[144][145]

In 2018, International Research & Exchanges Board described the situation in the media in Serbia as the worst in recent history, and that Media Sustainability Index dropped because the most polarized media in almost 20 years, an increase in fake news and editorial pressure on media.[146] They also pointed out that the judiciary responds promptly only in cases in which the media allegedly violates the rights of authorities and ruling parties.[146] The increased government control of the media comes as Serbian journalists face more political pressure and intimidation, in 2018 the Independent Association of Serbian Journalists recorded the highest number of attacks against journalists in decade.[147] According to Serbian investigative journalism portal Crime and Corruption Reporting Network, more than 700 fake news were published on the front pages of pro-government tabloids during 2018.[148][149] Many of them were about alleged attacks on Vućić and attempts of coups, as well as messages of support to him by Vladimir Putin.[149] The bestselling newspaper in Serbia is the pro-government tabloid Informer, which most often presents Vučić as a powerful person under constant attack, and also has anti-European content and pro-war rhetoric.[15][150][151] After Vučić was hospitalized for cardiovascular problems in November 2019, his associates and pro-regime media accused the journalists of worsening the president's health by asking questions about alleged corruption by government ministers.[152][153] The Council of Europe warned that the investigative outlet was target of smear campaign from the state after they caught Vučić's son with members of crime groups, while the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project reported that Vučić "pledges to fight the lies".[154][155] In early November 2021, seven US Congressman have accused Vučić of deepening corruption and putting pressure on the media.[156]

Internet surveillance

Since Vučić's party came to power, Serbia has seen a surge of internet trolls and pages on social networks praising the government and attacking its critics, free media and the opposition in general.[157] That includes a handful of dedicated employees running fake accounts, but also the Facebook page associated with a Serbian franchise of the far-right Breitbart News website.[158][157] On 26 March 2020, Twitter announced that they had shut down a network of 8,500 spam accounts that worked in concert to write 43 million tweets praising president Vučić and his party, boosting Vučić-aligned content to increase its visibility and popularity, and attacking his political opponents.[159]

Criticism and controversies

Public profile

Vučić at the EPP Congress Madrid (2015)

Some have compared Vučić to other strongmen in European politics and, as noted above, accused him of being an autocrat.[160][161]

Greater Serbia

Until 2008, Vučić publicly supported the Greater Serbia ideology, which he testified was envisaged as extending to a western border running along the Virovitica–Karlovac–Karlobag line.[162][163] In 1995, during the Croatian War of Independence, Vučić said in Glina (which was at the time controlled by Serbs rebels) that 'Serbian Krajina' and Glina would never be Croatian, Banovina would never be returned to Croatia, and that if Serbian Radical Party had won elections, Serbs would have lived in Greater Serbia.[164][165] In another speech from the early 2000s, Vučić called Karlobag, Ogulin, Karlovac and Virovitica "Serbian towns", stated that "they [SRS' critics] rejoice that Ustaše (referring to Croats) have occupied Serbian lands and want to convince us Serbian radicals that it wasn't Serbian, that we were saying nonsenses. (...) We want what's ours, Serbian."[165] After split from the Serbian Radical Party and creation of the Serbian Progressive Party, Vučić said he no longer supports the Greater Serbia ideology.[166]

On 1 September 2020, Montenegrin President Milo Đukanović accused Vučić and Belgrade-based media of interfering in the internal politics of Montenegro, as well of alleged trying to revive a "Greater Serbia policy".[167]

Srebrenica massacre and Ratko Mladić

Vučić attending the commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the Srebrenica massacre, 11 July 2015

Only a few days after more than 8,000 Muslim Bosniaks were killed by the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) and paramilitary groups from Serbia in the Srebrenica massacre, Vučić said on 20 July 1995 in the National Assembly in a comment on the NATO bombing campaign against the VRS positions that "for every Serb killed, we will kill 100 Muslims".[168][169][4][170] In 2015, he said that his statement from 1995 was "taken out of context" and "that was not the essence of that sentence."[171]

Before leaving the Radical Party of Vojislav Šešelj, Vučić openly and publicly celebrated and called for the protection of Ratko Mladić, a military leader convicted of committing war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. In 2007, while Mladić was still at large in Serbia, Vučić distributed posters with the declaration "Safe House for General Mladić". During a parliament session he stated that the Serbian Parliament will always protect and be a safe house for the general and that any house in Serbia that bears the last name of Vučić will protect and shelter Mladić.[172]

In the same year, Vučić organized a street protest during which street signs with the name of the assassinated pro-western Serbian PM were replaced with Ratko Mladić Boulevard street signs.[172] This vandalism has become a frequent activity of Serbian ultra-right groups on the anniversary of the Zoran Đinđić assassination.[173]

Vučić also participated in protests against the arrests of war criminals convicted later, including Veselin Šljivančanin, Radovan Karadžić, and Vojislav Šešelj, who was president of his party.[174][175][176]

In 2024, Vučić condemned the UN General Assembly's decision to adopt an annual commemoration of the Srebrenica massacre.[177]

Slavko Ćuruvija

It was during Vučić's term as the Minister of Information that Slavko Ćuruvija, a prominent journalist who reported on the Kosovo War, was murdered in a state-sponsored assassination.[178][179] In 1999, before the assassination took place, Vučić gave a front page interview to the tabloid Argument in which he stated "I will wreak vengeance upon Slavko Ćuruvija for all the lies published in Dnevni telegraf" (Ćuruvija's paper).[180][181][182] In 2014, Vučić apologized to the Ćuruvija family for having waited so long to bring the perpetrators to justice, and thanked everyone who was involved in solving the case for their work.[183] Branka Prpa, Ćuruvija's common-law spouse, said Vučić participated in the murder and that he is the creator of the practice of persecution of journalists.[184]

Personal life

Tamara Đukanović, who married Vučić in 2013

At 198 cm (6 ft 6 in) tall, Vučić is one of the tallest world leaders.[185]

On 27 July 1997, Vučić married Ksenija Janković, a journalist at Radio Index and Srpska reč. The couple had two children before divorcing. Janković died on 29 January 2022.[186] At some point Vučić married Tamara Đukanović, a diplomat with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia.[187] On 9 June 2017, a week after Vučić took the presidential office, his wife gave birth to a son.[188]

Apart from Serbian, he is fluent in Russian, English, and German. He learned Russian in a Belgrade high school and every second day of the week took a Russian language course to improve his knowledge.[189]

During the opposition period, he has frequently appeared in popular TV shows.[190] In 2006, Vučić became the winner of the first season of the Serbian version of The Pyramid, a talk show with a competitive element broadcast on Pink TV.[191] He was the first politician who participated in the humanitarian dance contest Plesom do snova (in 2009) and the first politician to guest-star on a late-night talk show Veče sa Ivanom Ivanovićem (in 2010).[190][192][193] He also was a guest judge in one episode of the third season of Zvezde Granda, the most popular music competition in Balkans.[190][194]

On 15 November 2019, he was hospitalized at a military hospital in Belgrade due to apparent "cardiovascular issues". Three days later it was reported that he was released. Some, including his media advisor and the deputy mayor of Belgrade, have claimed that his health problems were in part due to pressure from journalists. Vučić explicitly denied this at a media conference shortly after his hospital stay, stating that these health issues were chronic in nature.[195][196]

On 8 April 2020, it was revealed that Vučić's 22-year-old son, Danilo, had contracted the coronavirus and was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Clinic in Belgrade.[197]

During July 2020 Vučić became a student at Belgrade's College of Sports and Health, with the goal to become a basketball trainer for juniors after he ends his political career.[198][199] Some Serbian journalists have reported that a mandatory condition for entering the college was active participation in sports for three years, which was removed from the official website shortly after Vučić's enrollment.[200]

Honours

Orders

Award or decoration Country Date Place
Order of the Republika Srpska[201]  Bosnia and Herzegovina
→  Republika Srpska		 15 February 2018 Banja Luka
Order of Makarios III[202]  Cyprus 20 May 2018 Nicosia
Order of Friendship[203]  Kazakhstan 9 October 2018 Astana
Order of Alexander Nevsky[204]  Russia 17 January 2019 Palace of Serbia, Belgrade
Order of St. Sava[205] Serbian Orthodox Church 8 October 2019 Sava Centar, Belgrade
Order of the White Lion[206]  Czech Republic 18 May 2021 Prague
Order of  the Venerable Prohor Pčinjski[207] Serbian Orthodox Church 13 June 2021 Vranje
Order of Saint-Charles[208]  Monaco 22 February 2022 Monaco City
Order of the Eparchy of Buda[209] Serbian Orthodox Church 19 August 2023 Szentendre
Order of the Slovak Evangelical Church[210][211] Slovak Evangelical Church 13 December 2023 Novi Sad
Hungarian Order of Merit[212][213]  Hungary 23 August 2024 Budapest

Honorary doctorates

Date University Note
2017 Moscow State Institute of International Relations [214]
2018 Azerbaijan University of Languages [215]

Honorary citizenship

Country City Date
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Leskovac[216] 10 October 2013
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Novi Pazar[217] 20 April 2015
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Krupanj[218] 24 July 2015
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Svrljig[219] 8 May 2017
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Loznica[220] 16 June 2018
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Honorary citizen of Trebinje[221][222] 22 October 2018
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Honorary citizen of Drvar[223][224] 21 July 2019
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Honorary citizen of Sokolac[225] 29 July 2019
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Aleksandrovac[226] 7 February 2020
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Honorary citizen of Banja Luka[227] 22 April 2021
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Šabac[228] 22 April 2021
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Smederevska Palanka[229] 28 June 2021
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Zvečan[230] 12 July 2021
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Valjevo[231] 28 July 2021
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Jagodina[232] 29 September 2021
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Rekovac[233] 17 October 2021
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Honorary citizen of Gradiška[234] 18 April 2022
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Gornji Milanovac[235] 23 April 2023
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Kladovo[236] 27 April 2023
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Subotica[237] 6 July 2023
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Sjenica[238] 16 August 2023
 Serbia Honorary citizen of Prijepolje[239][240] 7 July 2024
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Honorary citizen of Stanari[241] 27 August 2024

Other

References

  1. ^ Aleksandar Vučić Archived 3 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine Istinomer.rs
  2. ^ "Serbia: Nations in Transit 2020 Country Report". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  3. ^ Marić, Dunja (27 May 2023). "Miloš Vučević novi predsednik SNS". NOVA portal (in Serbian). Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  4. ^ a b Fisk, Robert (2016). "Europe has a troublingly short memory over Serbia's Aleksander Vucic". The Independent. Archived from the original on 15 May 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  5. ^ Barber, Lionel (15 May 2018). "Interview: Serbia's Vucic insists 'I'm obsessed with Kosovo'". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  6. ^ De Launey, Guy (24 January 2014). "Serbia transforming from pariah to EU partner". BBC News. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  7. ^ Žarković, Dragoljub (13 November 2013). "Tužni tok ministarkine karijere – Ko je sklonio Zoranu Mihajlović da se Aleksej Miler ne bi iznervirao?" [The sad course of the minister's career – Who protected Zorana Mihajlović so that Aleksej Miler would not get annoyed?]. Vreme (in Serbian). Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  8. ^ Pavlović, Koča (23 March 2014). "Living the Serbian dream: a look at Aleksandar Vučić's election victory". openDemocracy. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  9. ^ Orlović, Slaviša (2015). "The Influence of Electoral System on Party Fragmentation in Serbian Parliament". Serbian Political Thought. 7 (11): 91–106. doi:10.22182/spt.1112015.5.
  10. ^ Atlagić, Siniša; Vučićević, Dušan (2019). Thirty Years of Political Campaigning in Central and Eastern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. p. 20. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27693-5_21. ISBN 978-3-030-27693-5. S2CID 239278656.
  11. ^ "Mandat dominantne stranke". Politika (in Serbian). 25 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  12. ^ "Independent Serbia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  13. ^ *Bieber, Florian (July 2018). "Patterns of competitive authoritarianism in the Western Balkans". East European Politics. 38 (3): 337–54. doi:10.1080/21599165.2018.1490272.
  14. ^ *Eror, Aleks (14 May 2019). "Two Decades After the Fall of Milosevic, Dictatorship Is Returning to Serbia". World Politics Review. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  15. ^ a b Jovanović, Srđan Mladenov (2019). "'You're Simply the Best': Communicating Power and Victimhood in Support of President Aleksandar Vučić in the Serbian Dailies Alo! and Informer". Journal of Media Research. 11 (2). Polish Academy of Sciences: 22–42. doi:10.24193/jmr.31.2.
  16. ^ "Hungary no longer a democracy, Freedom House says". Politico. 6 May 2020. Archived from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020. 'Years of ... strongman tactics employed by Aleksandar Vučić in Serbia and Milo Đukanović in Montenegro have tipped those countries over the edge,' it says. 'For the first time since 2003, they are no longer categorized as democracies.'
  17. ^ "Aleksandar Vucic: The man who remade Serbia". 10 December 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  18. ^ "Serbian President's Brother Met With Infamous Criminal". Organized crime and corruption reporting project. Archived from the original on 9 April 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  19. ^ a b c d Poreklo.
  20. ^ a b c "Aleksandar Vučić: Hrvati se rugaju mojim ubijenim precima!". Večernje novosti. Archived from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  21. ^ a b Isailović & 6 September 2010.
  22. ^ Index.hr & 13 May 2015.
  23. ^ Mardell, Mark (26 January 2007). "Europe diary: Serbian Radicals". BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
  24. ^ "Seselj, Greater Serbia and Hoolbroke's shoes". Sense Tribunal. 19 August 2005. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
  25. ^ "Zašto Vučić ćuti o presudi Šešelju?". Balkan Insight. 18 April 2018. Archived from the original on 16 May 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  26. ^ "Šta si radio devedesetih, Vučiću". Vreme. 3 October 2019. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  27. ^ "Aleksandar Vučić". Istinomer. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014.
  28. ^ "Narod koji ima najkraće pamćenje na svetu" (in Serbian). Preko ramena. 10 May 2012. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  29. ^ a b c d e Jovanović, Srđan Mladenov (2019). "Confronting Recent History: Media in Serbia during Aleksandar Vučić's Ministry of Information in the Milošević Era (1998–1999 )". Hiperboreea. 6 (1): 61–74. doi:10.3406/hiper.2019.969. S2CID 239302853 – via Persée (web portal).
  30. ^ a b c De Launey, Guy (20 January 2014). "Serbia transforming from pariah to EU partner". BBC News. Archived from the original on 21 January 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  31. ^ Tanjug (7 June 2016). "Vucic says he was bad information minister in late 90s". B92. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  32. ^ Judah (2009). The Serbs. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-15826-7.
  33. ^ EXPERT REPORT OF RENAUD DE LA BROSSE "Political Propaganda and the Plan to Create 'A State For All Serbs:' Consequences of using media for ultra-nationalist ends" in five parts 1 Archived 17 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine 2 Archived 12 December 2005 at the Wayback Machine 3 Archived 12 December 2005 at the Wayback Machine 4 Archived 12 December 2005 at the Wayback Machine 5 Archived 12 December 2005 at the Wayback Machine Bard College
  34. ^ a b "Deepening authoritarianism in serbia: The purge of the universities; Background". Human Rights Watch. January 1999. Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  35. ^ "Nikolić: I Vučić napustio radikale" (in Serbian). Mondo. 14 September 2008. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008.
  36. ^ "Vučić napušta politiku (za sada)" (in Serbian). Mondo. 15 September 2008. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008.
  37. ^ "Aleksandar Vucic: from nationalist hawk to devout Europeanist". Global Post. 13 March 2014. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014.
  38. ^ "Serbia PM Announces Early General Elections :: Balkan Insight". 17 January 2016. Archived from the original on 19 January 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  39. ^ "Odlučeno Nikolić raspisao vanredne izbore za 24. april". 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  40. ^ "Конференције за медије". Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  41. ^ "RIK objavio konačne rezultate izbora, u Skupštini predstavnici 12 lista". Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  42. ^ "Narodna skupština Republike Srbije – Poslaničke grupe". Archived from the original on 25 June 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  43. ^ "Председништво СНС-а: Вучић кандидат за председника". RTS (in Serbian). 14 February 2017. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
  44. ^ Constitution of Serbia – Article 112 Wikisource
  45. ^ Vucic Wins Serbian Presidential Elections Archived 24 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine Balkan Insight 2 April 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017
  46. ^ Klačar, Bojan (2018). Oko izbora 20 (PDF). CeSID. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
  47. ^ McLaughlin, Daniel. "Young Serbs vow to stop 'dictatorship' of president-elect Vucic". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  48. ^ Bogović, Nataša. "PM Vucic: Opposition thought that the "dictator" will bring the police into the streets". Insajder. Archived from the original on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  49. ^ "Aleksandar Vučić". EuroNews. 31 May 2017. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020.
  50. ^ "Vučić sworn in as Serbia's new president amid protests". ABC News. 10 June 2017. Archived from the original on 10 June 2017.
  51. ^ "Vučić nema poverenja u policiju". Danas (in Serbian). 2 September 2017. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
  52. ^ Vasovic, Aleksandar (29 December 2018). "Thousands protest against Serbian president". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  53. ^ "Serbia protests: Thousands march against President Vucic". BBC News. 5 January 2019. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  54. ^ "Freedom in the World 2019" (PDF). Freedom House. 5 January 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  55. ^ a b "Serbia Protests Meet Violent Response in Europe's 1st Major Virus Unrest". The New York Times. 8 July 2020. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  56. ^ "Violence breaks out at new Serbia protests". Deutsche Welle. 8 July 2020. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  57. ^ "SERBIA 2020". Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 10 March 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  58. ^ Kreizer, Nenad (4 March 2022). "Aleksandar Vučić i njegov SNS pobjednici izbora u Srbiji". Deutsche Welle (in Croatian). Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  59. ^ Barišić, Vera (8 March 2023). "Formiranje Narodnog pokreta". FoNet portal (in Serbian). Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  60. ^ Stojanović, Dušan (7 June 2023). "Serbia's president promises early election amid large protests against his populist rule". The Hill. Associated Press.
  61. ^ "PM: Salaries, pensions, subsidies to be cut". B92. 19 September 2014. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  62. ^ "Press Release: IMF Executive Board Approves €1.2 billion Stand-By Arrangement for Serbia". Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  63. ^ a b "EU "praises Serbia's economic growth, outlines challenges"". B92.net. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  64. ^ "Serbia: Concluding Statement of the Mission for the 2017 Article IV Consultation and the Seventh Review under the Stand-By Arrangement (SBA)". imf.org. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  65. ^ "Average monthly salary in Serbia 'first time' over EUR 400 - - on B92.net". B92.net. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  66. ^ "Serbia's central govt debt narrows to 67.1%/GDP at end-May – table – SeeNews – Business intelligence for Southeast Europe". seenews.com. 30 June 2017. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  67. ^ Vasovic, Aleksandar (29 March 2013). "Ruling Serb Progressive Party stays popular: opinion poll". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 January 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  68. ^ a b Pekusic, Biljana (20 May 2013). "Vucic urges Kosovo Serbs to accept 'the future'". Southeast European Times. Archived from the original on 24 September 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  69. ^ a b Jovanović, Srđan Mladenov (2019). "Poor governance, good corruption: an overview of Serbia's government's affair-ridden governance (2012–2018)". Przegląd Europejski [pl]. 2018 (4): 161–178. doi:10.5604/01.3001.0013.3501. S2CID 202333696.
  70. ^ Jahić, Dino; Jeremić, Ivana (15 February 2017). "Koliko je zaista uspešna borba protiv korupcije i kriminala" (in Serbian). Centar za istraživačko novinarstvo Srbije. Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  71. ^ Worth, Robert F. (3 May 2023). "The President, the Soccer Hooligans and an Underworld 'House of Horrors'". The New York Times.
  72. ^ "Njujork Tajms nikad oštrije o predsedniku Srbije: Vučić kriminalne bande koristi za širenje straha, slučaj Belivuk otvorio prozor u sumornu budućnost". Nova.rs. 3 May 2023.
  73. ^ "Vučić tvrdi da je CIA naručila tekst u NYT: Stigao mu je odgovor". Oslobođenje. 12 May 2023.
  74. ^ "Serbia Will Take in Some Migrants, Vucic Says :: Balkan Insight". 2 September 2015. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  75. ^ Sengupta, Kim (4 August 2013). "Aleksandar Vucic: The man who's bringing Belgrade in from the cold". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  76. ^ "Aleksandar Vucic: Kosovo Serbs 'should accept deal'". BBC News. 13 May 2013. Archived from the original on 10 June 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  77. ^ "Russia and Serbia deride EU reaction to Catalan vote". The Irish Times. 3 October 2017. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020.
  78. ^ "Vučić u Mitrovici: Milošević je bio veliki srpski lider" (in Bosnian). Al Jazeera. 9 September 2018. Archived from the original on 10 September 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  79. ^ "Scenario: Partition as a solution for Serbia-Kosovo normalization". europeanwesternbalkans.com. 24 April 2019. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  80. ^ "Vucic: You don't want a demarcation with the Albanians? Fine, get ready for Vranje". KoSSev. 25 July 2018. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  81. ^ Santora, Marc (19 September 2018). "Talk of Ethnic Partition of Kosovo Revives Old Balkan Ghosts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  82. ^ Hopkins, Valerie (14 August 2018). "Belgrade and Pristina see partition as answer to Kosovo impasse". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  83. ^ a b Sekularac, Ivana; Vasovic, Aleksandar (28 May 2019). "Accept reality, Serbia does not control Kosovo: Vucic". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
  84. ^ "Unprincipled attitude of great powers makes Serbia's struggle for Kosovo-Metohija more difficult". National Assembly. 27 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  85. ^ "Vucic: This is a question of mere existence". B92. 4 October 2019. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  86. ^ Vasović, Milenko (4 October 2019). "Serbia's President Was Real Loser in Kosovo Election". Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  87. ^ a b "Serbia-Kosovo Flights to Resume Under U.S.-Brokered Deal". The New York Times. 20 January 2020. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  88. ^ "Kosovo-Serbia flights to restart after two decades". Euronews. 25 January 2020. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  89. ^ "US, Serbian presidents welcome Belgrade-Pristina flights agreement". N1. 25 January 2020. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  90. ^ DEB RIECHMANN (4 September 2020). "Serbia, Kosovo normalize economic ties, gesture to Israel". AP News. Archived from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  91. ^ "Albania, North Macedonia, Serbia Sign 'Mini-Schengen' Declaration". Balkan Insight. 10 October 2020. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  92. ^ "Western Balkan leaders plot their own 'mini-Schengen' zone". Euronews. 11 November 2019. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  93. ^ ""Mini-Schengen" initiative remains open to the region, next meeting in Belgrade". European Western Balkans. 21 November 2019. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  94. ^ "Documents signed at the White House cover wider scope than expected". European Western Balkans. 4 September 2020. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  95. ^ "Šešeljevac vodi Skupštinu, a Vuk Drašković Vijeće Europe". Jutarnji list. Archived from the original on 9 August 2007. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  96. ^ "Vučić sad nije za veliku Srbiju". Archived from the original on 4 December 2008.
  97. ^ "Road traffic halted between Serbia and Croatia in migrants row". Reuters. 22 September 2015. Archived from the original on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  98. ^ "Serbia to wait for deal with Croatia until Sept. 24 - - on B92.net". Archived from the original on 1 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  99. ^ "Serbia accuses Croatia of obstructing its EU membership talks". Reuters. 8 April 2016. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  100. ^ "European Commission Rejects Croatia's Arguments in Its Dispute with Serbia". 14 April 2016. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  101. ^ "Jutarnji list – Vučić: Zagreb pod svaku cijenu želi promijeniti režim kod nas! Ali nisam ja meta, reći ću vam što je..." www.jutarnji.hr (in Croatian). 29 May 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2024. Srbijanski predsjednik Aleksandar Vučić gostovao je u emisiji 'Hit tvit' na TV Pinku, a u intervjuu je, između ostalog, optužio Hrvatsku da želi srušiti vlast u Srbiji.
  102. ^ "Serbia's Vucic, Rejecting EU Sanctions On Russia, Visits With Putin". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 29 October 2015. Archived from the original on 29 October 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2016 – via Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty.
  103. ^ Kommersant (15 January 2016). "Serbia plans to buy air defense systems, MiG-29 fighters from Russia". Archived from the original on 21 May 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  104. ^ a b c "Vučić: Mi smo mali i ponosni, hvala Rusima na tri stvari". b92.net (in Serbian). 19 December 2017. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  105. ^ "Serbia will not impose sanctions against Moscow, president says". Reuters. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  106. ^ Dragojlo, Sasa (25 February 2022). "Serbia Supports Ukraine's Sovereignty But Opposes Sanctions on Russia, Vucic says". Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  107. ^ "Serbia protests after the Croatian foreign minister calls its president a Russian stooge". Associated Press. 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  108. ^ "Readout of the Vice President's Meeting with President of Serbia Aleksandar Vucic". whitehouse.gov. 17 July 2018. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021 – via National Archives.
  109. ^ "Bolton Says U.S. Won't Oppose Kosovo-Serbia Land Swap Deal". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 24 August 2018. Archived from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  110. ^ "Interview: China is a "friend indeed" to Serbia – Serbian president – Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  111. ^ Welle (http://www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Serbia as China's favorite partner | DW | 18 February 2021". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 26 March 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  112. ^ "Xi Jinping Meets with Prime Minister Aleksandar Vucic of Serbia". www.mfa.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  113. ^ "Xi meets Serbian president – Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  114. ^ "Xi Jinping Meets with President Aleksandar Vucic of Serbia". www.fmprc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  115. ^ "China Is Helping a European Ally Get Ahead on Vaccines". Bloomberg. 1 February 2021. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  116. ^ "Vaccine tourists welcome as Serbians say 'no thanks' to jabs". France 24. 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  117. ^ "Serbia is outpacing nearly every country in the EU at vaccination". The Economist. 3 April 2021. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  118. ^ "Aleksandar Vucic: The man who remade Serbia". BBC News. 10 December 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  119. ^ "Serbian Leader Says 'Taiwan Is China' as Xi Plans Balkan Trip". Bloomberg News. 27 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  120. ^ ""Serbische Regierung zensiert Medien – Ein Virus namens Zensur"". Die Tagsszeitung (in German). 18 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015.
  121. ^ a b c Serbia Archived 27 September 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Freedom House 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2016
  122. ^ a b Serbia: Still Failing to Deliver on Human Rights: Amnesty International Submission for the UN Universal Periodic Review (PDF). Amnesty International. 16 August 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  123. ^ "A Difficult Profession. Media Freedom Under Attack in the Western Balkans". Human Rights Watch. 15 July 2015. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023.
  124. ^ a b "Serbia 2014 Report" (PDF). European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  125. ^ "Serbia 2016 Report" (PDF). European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  126. ^ "Serbia 2018 Report" (PDF). European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  127. ^ "Around the Bloc: Exhibit Showing Serbia's Intolerance for Censorship Backfires". Transitions Online. 8 (2): 22–23. 2016. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  128. ^ "Serbian Ruling Party Makes Exhibition of 'Media Lies'". Balkan Insight. 19 July 2016. Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  129. ^ "Serbie : "Mensonges non-censurés", l'expo anti-Vučić de Vučić". Le Courrier des Balkans (in French). 23 July 2016. Archived from the original on 19 June 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  130. ^ "A Cry for Help from Serbia's Independent Media". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  131. ^ Ristić, Irena (2014). "Parliamentary Elections in Serbia 2014: Replay or Reset?". Contemporary Southeastern Europe. 1 (2): 80–87.
  132. ^ P. Ramet, Sabrina; M. Hassenstab, Christine; Listhaug, Ola (2017). Building Democracy in the Yugoslav Successor States: Accomplishments, Setbacks, and Challenges since 1990. Cambridge University Press. p. 174. ISBN 9781107180741.
  133. ^ "My Europe: Serbia's military parade between the East and the West". Deutsche Welle. 10 April 2019. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  134. ^ "Serbs Ponder Vucic's Claim to Tito's Legacy". Balkan Insight. 10 November 2016. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  135. ^ "Vucic's personality cult strengthens". Independent Balkan News Agency. 25 August 2017. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  136. ^ "Prpa: Vučić svih ovih godina pokušava da izgradi kult ličnosti". Danas (in Serbian). 17 February 2019. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  137. ^ "Ko su Vučićevi 'najveći poltroni'?" (in Serbian). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 11 November 2018. Archived from the original on 11 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  138. ^ "Major newspapers in Serbia hit stands with same front pages". Financial Times. 30 March 2017. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
  139. ^ "Media Ownership Monitor Serbia". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  140. ^ CRTA observation mission Final report Presidential elections 2017 (PDF). CRTA. 2017. p. 24. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
  141. ^ Gavrilović, Zoran; Mijatović, Marina; Pavlica, Dražen (2017). Mediji, izbori i javnost 2017 (PDF). Bureau for Social Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
  142. ^ a b "Presidential election 2017, OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Final Report". Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Archived from the original on 15 June 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  143. ^ World Report 2018 (PDF). Human Rights Watch. p. 470. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  144. ^ "Reporters Without Borders: Serbia". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  145. ^ "Media Freedom Vanishing in Some Balkan States, Report Warns". Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  146. ^ a b "Serbia, Media Sustainability Index" (PDF). International Research & Exchanges Board. Archived from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  147. ^ "Why Demands for a Free Press Are Front and Center in Serbia's Protests". World Politics Review. 18 March 2019. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  148. ^ "700 false news stories in Serbian tabloids in 2018". StopFake. 24 January 2019. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  149. ^ a b "Više od 700 laži na naslovnim stranama tri tabloida u 2018. godini". Crime and Corruption Reporting Network. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  150. ^ Drašković, Brankica; Prodanović, Dragana; Pavkov, Ksenija (2016). "Antievropski diskurs i negativna slika Evropske unije u srpskim medijima". CM: Communication and Media. 11 (38): 19–39. doi:10.5937/comman11-11847.
  151. ^ Janjić, Stefan; Šovanec, Stefani (2018). "Najava rata na naslovnim stranama srpskih tabloida". CM: Communication and Media. 13: 49–67. doi:10.5937/comman13-14543.
  152. ^ "Serbia's president released from hospital". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 19 November 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  153. ^ "N1 TV under attack again; journalist say it's dangerous; new attack on Sovilj". N1. Archived from the original on 29 November 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  154. ^ "CoE Warns of Serbian Smear Campaign against KRIK Journalists". Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  155. ^ "Serbian President Pledges to "Fight the Lies" About His Son". Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  156. ^ "Kongresmeni u pismu Bajdenu za sankcije, Vučića optužuju za pritisak na medije". N1 (in Serbian). 6 November 2021. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  157. ^ a b "FB Page Attacking Serbian Media 'Linked' to Breitbart". Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  158. ^ Bradshaw, Samantha; Howard, Philip (July 2018). "Troops, Trolls and Troublemakers: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation". Oxford Internet Institute. pp. 1–37. Archived from the original on 19 June 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  159. ^ Bush, Daniel (2 April 2020). ""Fighting Like a Lion for Serbia": An Analysis of Government-Linked Influence Operations in Serbia" (PDF). Stanford University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  160. ^ "FP: How Aleksandar Vučić Became Europe's Favorite Autocrat". European Western Balkans. 10 March 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  161. ^ Jovanović, Srđan Mladenov (16 May 2019). ""One out of Five Million": Serbia's 2018–19 Protests against Dictatorship, the Media, and the Government's Response". Open Political Science. 2 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1515/openps-2019-0001. ISSN 2543-8042. S2CID 181432571.
  162. ^ "Srebrenica memorial: Angry protest mars burial of massacred Muslims". The Independent. 11 July 2015. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  163. ^ "Milosevic-era minister shakes off dark past on path to power in Serbia". Reuters. 13 March 2014. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  164. ^ "Što je Vučić govorio u okupiranoj Glini 1995". tportal.hr. 19 March 2014. Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  165. ^ a b "Video: Pogledajte još jedan Vučićev govor: "Karlovac, Virovitica i Ogulin su srpske zemlje"". Index.hr. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
  166. ^ "Vučić: Velika Srbija nerealna". tportal.hr. 10 December 2008. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  167. ^ "Montenegro's President concedes defeat; says Belgrade rivaives Serb nationalism". N1. 1 September 2020. Archived from the original on 8 September 2020.
  168. ^ Clark, Janine Natalya (2016). "Are there 'greener' ways of doing transitional justice? Some reflections on Srebrenica, nature and memorialisation" (PDF). The International Journal of Human Rights. 20 (6). University of Birmingham: 1199–1218. doi:10.1080/13642987.2016.1218113. S2CID 151991839. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  169. ^ Blair, David (11 July 2015). "Serbian leader forced to flee as thousands remember dead of Srebrenica". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  170. ^ "Aleksandar Vucic projected to win presidential election". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 April 2017.
  171. ^ "Izetbegovic "disappointed" with Vucic". B92. 5 November 2015. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  172. ^ a b "Press Online | Politika | Vučić lepio plakate sa natpisom Bulevar Ratka Mladića". Archived from the original on 2 March 2014.
  173. ^ "Street signs bearing Đinđić name vandalized". B92. 6 July 2007. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  174. ^ "Uhapšen Veselin Šljivančanin". B92. 13 June 2003. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  175. ^ "Završen protest na Trgu". B92. Archived from the original on 17 January 2008. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  176. ^ "Ovako je izgledao ispraćaj Šešelja u Hag". N1. Archived from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  177. ^ "Generalna skupština UN usvojila Rezoluciju o genocidu u Srebrenici". BBC News na srpskom (in Serbian (Latin script)). Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  178. ^ "Belgrade's independent media face grilling over Kosovo coverage". BBC. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  179. ^ "Slavko Curuvija – Journalists Killed". Committee to Protect Journalists. Archived from the original on 21 December 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  180. ^ Latković, Nataša (5 December 2020). "Šta je Vučić o medijima govorio pre 20 godina". NOVA portal (in Serbian). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  181. ^ Vodinelić, Vesna Rakić (15 September 2020). "Odrađivanje ozbiljnog pravosudnog posla – slučaj Ćuruvija". Peščanik (in Serbian). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  182. ^ Tončić, Bojan. "Marko Vidojković i ritam režimskog zločina". Al Jazeera (in Bosnian). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  183. ^ "Milorad Ulemek provided info about murder of Slavko Ćuruvija". InSerbiaNews. 28 February 2014. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014.
  184. ^ Stanković, Stefan (2 June 2015). "Branka Prpa u Pressingu: Zašto Vučić nije pozvan da svedoči?". N1 (TV channel). Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  185. ^ Baker, Sinéad (22 August 2019). "13 world leaders ranked by how tall they are". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  186. ^ "Preminula Ksenija Vučić, prva supruga predsednika Aleksandra Vučića". N1 (in Serbian). 29 January 2022. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  187. ^ Bojović, B. (12 August 2014). "Šta je Dačić savetovao Vučićevoj supruzi". Blic. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
  188. ^ "Vučić: Moraću da prekinem obaveze, dobili smo sina". b92.net (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  189. ^ "Vucic with surprise for Putin – will speak Russian in Moscow". Newsdesk. 21 October 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  190. ^ a b c "Biografija iz varikine". Vreme. 8 June 2017. Archived from the original on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  191. ^ "Skandalozna 'Piramida'". Blic. 17 January 2006. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  192. ^ "Aleksandar Vučić: Prvi političar u "Plesu do snova"!". svet.rs. 4 February 2009. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  193. ^ "U ovoj zemlji ništa nije kako treba". Vreme. 17 January 2019. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  194. ^ "Vučić: Ivica je veseljak, Dačić: Bravo za Cecu". Blic. 9 February 2013. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  195. ^ "Serbia's Vucic Leaves Hospital After Heart Problem 'Caused' By 'Inappropriate' Media Questions". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 19 November 2019. Archived from the original on 19 November 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  196. ^ "I suffer from chronic illness, journalists have nothing to do with it". B92. 19 November 2019. Archived from the original on 20 November 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  197. ^ Öztürk, Mustafa Talha (8 April 2020). "Serbian president's son contracts coronavirus". www.aa.com.tr. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  198. ^ "Председник Вучић уписао струковне студије за кошаркашке тренере". Radio Television of Serbia. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  199. ^ "Hoću da završavam za košarkaškog trenera". Mondo Portal (in Serbian). 13 July 2020. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  200. ^ "Nedoumica: Da li je nestao uslov za upis u Vučićevu školu". NOVA portal (in Bosnian). 21 July 2020. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  201. ^ "Орден Републике Српске на огрлици". Председник Републике Србије. Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  202. ^ "Serbia can depend on Cyprus as a credible ally and friend in Europe". kathimerini.com.cy. 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  203. ^ "Aleksandar Vučić – Order of Friendship from the President of Kazahstan". Večernje Novosti. n.d. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  204. ^ "Vladimir Putin visiting Serbia". B92. 17 January 2019. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  205. ^ "Serbian President awarded top Church order". N1 Srbija (in Serbian (Latin script)). Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  206. ^ "Zeman udělil Vučićovi Řád bílého lva". Deník N (in Czech). 18 May 2021. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  207. ^ "ЈАКА ПОРУКА ПРЕДСЕДНИКА ВУЧИЋА: Борићемо се за Србију, нећемо бити ничији поданици! (ВИДЕО)". NOVOSTI (in Serbian). Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  208. ^ "Vučić received the Grand Cross of the Order of Saint-Charles". b92.net. 22 February 2022. Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  209. ^ Bjelić, Vesna (19 August 2023). "Episkop Lukijan dodelio Vučiću u Budimpešti orden Eparhije budimske prvog reda". Telegraf.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  210. ^ "Vučiću u Novom Sadu dodeljen najviši orden Slovačke evangeličke crkve - Politika - Dnevni list Danas" (in Serbian). 13 December 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  211. ^ ""ПРЕДСЕДНИЧЕ, ДОСТОЈНИ СТЕ": Вучићу уручен Орден првог степена Словачке евангеличке цркве (ФОТО/ВИДЕО)". NOVOSTI (in Serbian). Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  212. ^ "Serbian President Vučić awarded Hungarian Order of Merit". telex (in Hungarian). 23 August 2024. Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  213. ^ "Александар Вучић добио високо државно одликовање Мађарске". Politika Online. Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  214. ^ "Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić Becomes MGIMO Honorary Doctor". mgimo.ru. 20 December 2017. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  215. ^ "Serbian President receives honorary doctorate from Azerbaijan University of Languages". azertag.az. 22 May 2018. Archived from the original on 28 May 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  216. ^ Vojvodiny, Rádiodifúzna ustanovizeň VojvodinyRádio-televízia. "Vučić počasni građanin Leskovca". Rádio-televízia Vojvodiny. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  217. ^ Beta (20 April 2015). "Mahmutović: Vučić počasni građanin Novog Pazara, Tadić i Koštunica su donosili samo probleme". Blic.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  218. ^ "Vučić počasni građanin Krupnja". Mondo Portal (in Serbian). 24 July 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  219. ^ "Vučić počasni građanin Svrljiga – Politika – Dnevni list Danas" (in Serbian). 1 May 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  220. ^ "Вучић почасни грађанин Лознице". RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of Serbia. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  221. ^ "Србија и политика: Како се постаје почасни грађанин и ко има највише таквих признања". BBC News на српском (in Serbian (Cyrillic script)). 21 April 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  222. ^ "Vućić počasni građanin Trebinja". BN. Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  223. ^ "Aleksandar Vučić honorary citizen of Drvar". FENA. Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  224. ^ "Serbian President declared honorary citizen in Bosnia's municipality Drvar". N1 Srbija (in Serbian (Latin script)). Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  225. ^ N.N (29 July 2019). "Vučić počasni građanin Sokoca". Nezavisne novine (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  226. ^ "Vučić počasni građanin Aleksandrovca – Politika – Dnevni list Danas". www.danas.rs (in Serbian). 7 February 2020. Archived from the original on 2 September 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  227. ^ "Председнику Вучићу уручен кључ Града Бањалуке са Повељом почасног грађанина Бањалуке". Председник Републике Србије. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  228. ^ "Априлске награде додељене у Шапцу, Вучићу Повеља почасни грађанин". Radio Television of Serbia. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  229. ^ "Na Veliki Srpski Praznik Vučić u Smederevskoj Palanci proglašen za počasnog građanina – Alo.rs". Alo (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  230. ^ "Председник Вучић почасни грађанин Звечана". Radio Television of Serbia (in Serbian). Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  231. ^ "Vučić postao počasni građanin Valjeva – Politika – Dnevni list Danas" (in Serbian). 28 July 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  232. ^ "Vučić počasni građanin Jagodine". B92 (in Serbian). 29 September 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  233. ^ "ВУЧИЋ ПОЧАСНИ ГРАЂАНИН И РЕКОВЦА: Још једно признање за председника Србије". Novosti (in Serbian). Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  234. ^ "Aleksandar Vučić je počasni građanin Gradiške". B92 (in Serbian). 18 April 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  235. ^ "Kovačević: Ponosan sam što je predsednik Vučić postao počasni građanin Gornjeg Milanovca, nemoguće je osporiti rezultate, zbog toga je za taj predlog glasala i opozicija". glaszapadnesrbije.rs. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
  236. ^ "Vučić počasni građanin Kladova". Blic.rs (in Serbian). 28 April 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
  237. ^ Исаков, Александра. "Вучић почасни грађанин Суботице". Politika Online. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  238. ^ https://www.facebook.com/politikaonline. "Сјеничани прогласили Вучића почасним грађанином: верујемо председнику, све што је обећао, испунио је". Politika Online. Retrieved 16 August 2023. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help); External link in |last= (help)
  239. ^ "Predsednik države Aleksandar Vučić dobija priznanje počasni građanin Prijepolja". glaszapadnesrbije.rs. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  240. ^ Nova, T. V. (4 July 2024). "Predsednik Srbije počasni građanin još jednog grada..." NOVA portal (in Serbian). Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  241. ^ TANJUG (27 August 2024). "SO Stanari: Povelja počasnog građanina za Zlatnim grbom predsedniku Srbije Vučiću". tanjug.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 1 December 2024.
  242. ^ "Announcement for the media for the 10th and 11th December 2019 President Vučić on a two-day visit to the Hellenic Republic". The President of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 10 December 2019.[dead link‍]
  243. ^ "Vucic: "We are grateful to Greece for its support"". Independent Balkan News Agency. 10 December 2019. Archived from the original on 10 December 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  244. ^ Museum, Friends of Zion. "Friends of Zion Museum Honors Eleven World Leaders at Israel's 4th Annual Christian Media Summit". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  245. ^ "Predsedniku Vučiću uručen ključ Grada Banjaluke sa Poveljom počasnog građanina Banjaluke". Predsednik Republike Srbije. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
  246. ^ "Састанак са представницима Центра за развој Шајкашке". Председник Републике Србије. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  247. ^ "Председник Вучић примио "Хипократову медаљу" од Друштва лекара Војводине". Председник Републике Србије. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  248. ^ TANJUG (17 October 2024). "Orlić uručio Vučiću Zlatnu medalju za zasluge povodom Dana BIA". tanjug.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 24 November 2024.

Sources

Other sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aleksandar Vučić.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Aleksandar Vučić.
Political offices
Preceded by
Radmila Milentijević
 Minister of Information
1998–2000 		Succeeded by
Ivica Dačić
Bogoljub Pejčić
Biserka Matić Spasojević
Preceded by Minister of Defence
2012–2013 		Succeeded by
Nebojša Rodić
Preceded by First Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia
2012–2014 		Succeeded by
Prime Minister of Serbia
2014–2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Serbia
2017–present 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Serbian Progressive Party
2012–2023 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Aleksandar_Vučić&oldid=1263826110"