Ale conner
An ale-conner (sometimes aleconner or ale-kenner) was an officer appointed yearly at the court-leet of ancient English communities to ensure the quality of bread, ale, and beer, as well as regulating the measures in which they were sold and their prices.[1] There were many different names for this position which varied from place to place: "ale-tasters", gustatores cervisiae, "ale-founders", and "ale-conners". Ale-conners were also often trusted to ensure that the beer was sold at a fair price.[2]
Four ale-conners are still chosen annually by the Common-Hall of the City of London.[3]
History
[edit]Ale-conners were sworn "to examine and assay the beer and ale, and to take care that they were good and wholesome, and sold at proper prices according to the assize; and also to present all defaults of brewers to the next court-leet." The mediaeval post of ale conner was far from a popular or sought-after position. Hops are a preservative, so before the introduction of hopping, ale would not keep well and had to be brewed on site, meaning there were many small breweries to visit. In addition, ale frequently "went off" for the same reason, so tasting it was not uniformly pleasant. Finally, as a representative of the authorities and dispenser of fines, an ale-conner could become unpopular in the community. Ale-conners sometimes had to be impressed into service, and the post was often rotated amongst a number of individuals.[4]
Modern-day
[edit]The City of London
[edit]The tradition is still maintained in the City of London. The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica reports:
In London, four ale-conners, whose duty it is to examine the measures used by beer and liquor sellers to guard against fraud, are still chosen annually by the liverymen in common hall assembled on Midsummer Day. Since ale and beer have become excisable commodities, the custom of appointing ale-tasters has fallen into disuse in most places.[5]
The officers were historically chosen by the liverymen of London to inspect the measures used in public houses. The title is now a sinecure.
In 2007, Dr Christine Rigden, past Sheriff of London, became one of the four ale conners, the first woman appointed to the position in the City of London in the role's 700-year history.[6][7]
The Guildable Manor of Southwark
[edit]Ale conners are still appointed by the Guildable Manor of Southwark.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ "Ale-conner". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol. 1 (14 ed.). 1930. p. 553.
- ^ The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge, Vol I, London, Charles Knight, 1847, p.410.
- ^ "Appendix - Act of CoCo 2013 (elections in common hall)" (PDF). cityoflondon.gov.uk. 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
- ^ The Most Unpopular Job in Greenwich
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 538.
- ^ "The Verbal History of Beer". Goddards Brewery. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
- ^ "Common Hall 25 June 2018". WCC. 26 June 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
- ^ "The Officers of the Guildable Manor". The Guildable Manor of Southwark. Retrieved 15 December 2024.