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Alajos Károlyi

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Count Alajos Károlyi de Nagykároly
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United Kingdom
In office
3 November 1878 – 20 June 1888
MonarchWilliam I
ChancellorOtto von Bismarck
Preceded byFriedrich Ferdinand von Beust
Succeeded byFranz Deym von Střítež
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the German Empire
In office
10 December 1871 – 3 November 1878
MonarchWilliam I
ChancellorOtto von Bismarck
Preceded byAlois Kübeck von Kübau (as Ambassador to the German Confederation)
Succeeded byEmmerich Széchényi
Personal details
Born8 August 1825
Vienna, Austrian Empire
Died2 December 1889(1889-12-02) (aged 64)
Tótmegyer, Austria-Hungary
SpouseFanni Erdődy
RelationsAloys von Kaunitz-Rietberg (grandfather)
Children4

Count Alajos Károlyi de Nagykároly (8 August 1825 – 2 December 1889) was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat.

Early life

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He was born in Vienna on 8 August 1825. He was the son of son of Count Ludwig Károlyi de Nagykároly (1799–1863) and Countess Ferdinandine von Kaunitz-Rietberg (1805–1862).[1]

His maternal grandparents were Prince Aloys von Kaunitz-Rietberg and the former Countess Franziska Xaveria Ungnad von Weissenwolff. His paternal grandparents were Count József Károlyi de Nagykároly and the former Countess Maria Elisabeth von Waldstein-Wartenberg (sister to Countess Maria Antonia von Waldstein, both daughters of Count Georg Christian von Waldstein and Countess Elisabeth Ulfeldt).[2] His family, a part of the Hungarian nobility, had been prominent since the time of Sándor Károlyi (1668–1743), one of the generals of Francis II Rákóczi, who in 1711 negotiated the peace of Szatmár between the insurgent Hungarians and the new king, the emperor Charles VI, was made a count of the Empire in 1712, and subsequently became a field marshal in the imperial army.[3]

Career

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Count Károlyi (2nd from left) during the Berlin Congress, painting by Anton von Werner, 1881

At the age of 19, Károlyi entered the Austrian diplomatic service and, in 1845, became an attaché to the Berlin embassy. He was assigned successively to Austrian embassies at various European capitals; from 1853 at the diplomatic mission in London. In 1858 he was sent to Saint Petersburg on a special mission to seek the support of Russia in the threatening Franco-Austrian War against Napoleon III.[3]

Károlyi was appointed Envoy Extraordinary at Berlin in 1866 at the time of the rupture between Prussia and Austria, and after the Seven Weeks War was responsible for the negotiation of the preliminaries of peace at Nikolsburg.[4] Under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, he was again sent to Berlin in 1871,[5] acted as second plenipotentiary at the Berlin congress of 1878.[6] In January 1864, he wrote to the Austrian Foreign Minister, Count Johann Bernhard von Rechberg und Rothenlöwen:

"the surest sign not only of the political but of the social divisiveness which is inherent in the internal life of the Prussian state, to wit, the passionate hatred of different estates and classes for each other. This antagonism... which places in sharp opposition the army and the nobility on one hand and all the other industrious citizens on the other is one of the most significant and darkest characteristics of the Prussian Monarchy."[5]

In 1878, Bismarck was sent in the same year to London,[4] where he represented Austria for ten years.[7]

For his diplomatic efforts, he was awarded the Order of the Golden Fleece. Upon his death, his insignia of the Order was returned to the Emperor, before it was awarded to his kinsman Sándor Károlyi by Franz Joseph I, as it could only be held by one member of a family at the same time.[8]

Stomfa Castle

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Stomfa Castle

In 1870, Károlyi remodeled Stomfa Castle, the 17th century Renaissance style castle built by the Pálffys on the site of a former moated castle.[9] Károlyi had the renowned Hungarian architect Miklós Ybl add a German renaissance style wing with towers and rebuilt the manor house in the Romantic style. Ybl connected the side buildings with the manor house with an open arcade floor. Also added was an English style garden with a central pond.[9] After his death, the castle passed to his son, Count Lajos Károlyi, who undertook his own remodel of the castle, carried out by Arthur Meinig.[9]

Personal life

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Portrait of his wife (née Countess Fanny Erdődy), by Gustav Richter, 1894

Károlyi married Countess Franciska "Fanni" Gobertina Erdödy de Monyorókerék et Monoszló (1842–1927), a daughter of Count Lajos Erdõdy de Monyorókerék et Monoszló and Johanna Raymann.[10] Together, they had four children, including:

  • Countess Ferdinandine "Nandine" Johanna Nepomucena Károlyi de Nagykároly (1868–1955), who married Count Leopold Berchtold von und zu Ungarschitz, a son of Count Sigismund Berchtold von und zu Ungarschitz, Frättling und Püllütz, in 1893.[1]
  • Count Lajos Lörinc Károlyi de Nagykároly (1872–1965), who married his cousin, Countess Hanna Széchényi von Sárvár-Felsövideki, a daughter of Count Béla Széchenyi von Sárvár-Felsövidék (a "personal friend" of King Edward VII)[11] and Countess Johanna "Janka" Goberta Erdödy.[12]
  • Countess Zsófia "Sophie" Anna Károlyi de Nagykároly (1875–1972), who married Imre Gyorgy Károlyi de Nagykároly, a son of Count Tibor Johann Nepomucen Justin Károlyi de Nagykároly.[13]

He died on 2 December 1889 at Tótmegyer Castle,[3] in what is today known as Palárikovo in Slovakia.[14]

Descendants

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Through his daughter Countess Nandine,[15] he was a grandfather of Count Aloys "Louis" Berchtold von und zu Ungarschitz (1894–1977),[16] and Count Sigismund "Sziga" Berchtold von und zu Ungarschitz (1900–1979), who married Eva Machan (former wife of Count Leopold zu Hardegg auf Glatz und im Machlande), Countess Etti von Wurmbrand-Stuppach (former wife of Clendenin J. Ryan, Count Paul Pálffy ab Erdöd, Count Tamás Esterházy, who after her divorce from Sigismund married William Deering Davis and then Árpád Plesch),[17] and Emilia de Gosztonyi (former wife of Michael Bankier and Robin Alexander Lyle, who after her divorce from Sigismund married Prince Vsevolod Ivanovich of Russia).[18][19]

Through his son Count Lajos, he was a grandfather of Count Sándor Béla Károlyi de Nagykároly (1904–1987), who married Baroness Martha Sennyey de Kis-Sennye, and Countess Alice Sarolta Károlyi de Nagykároly (1905–1981), who married Heinrich von Haugwitz.[20]

Through his daughter Countess Sophie, he was a grandfather of Count Ferenc Gyula Károlyi de Nagykároly (1900–1973), Count Viktor Dénes Károlyi de Nagykároly (1902–1973) (who married Ilona Krisztina Széchenyi de Sárvár-Felsővidék), Count György Kálmán Károlyi de Nagykároly (1903–1969), Countess Maria Consuela Károlyi de Nagykároly (1905–1976) (who married Miklós Horthy Jr., son of the Regent of Hungary Miklós Horthy), and Count Gyula Lipót Károlyi de Nagykároly (1907–1942).[13]

References

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  1. ^ a b Hantsch, Hugo (1963). Leopold Graf Berchtold, Grandseigneur und Staatsmann (in German). Verlag Styria. pp. 12, 239, 879. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  2. ^ Wurzbach, Constantin (1885). "Stammtafel der Grafen Waldstein" [Family tree of the Counts of Waldstein]. Biographisches Lexikon des Kaisertums Österreich - Zweiundfünfzigster Teil - Vrcevic - Wallner [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire - Fifty-Second Part - Vrcevic - Wallner] (in German). Vol. 52. Graz: Universitätsbibliothek Graz. p. 213. Retrieved 2022-08-25.
  3. ^ a b c  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Károlyi, Aloys, Count". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 681.
  4. ^ a b Mösslang, Markus; Whatmore, Helen (2016). British Envoys to the Kaiserreich, 1871-1897. Cambridge University Press. p. 548. ISBN 978-1-107-17026-1. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  5. ^ a b Steinberg, Jonathan (1 June 2011). Bismarck: A Life. Oxford University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-19-978266-6. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  6. ^ Robertson, Angus (7 October 2021). Vienna: The International Capital. Birlinn Ltd. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-78885-476-4. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  7. ^ Robertson, Angus (2 August 2022). The Crossroads of Civilization: A History of Vienna. Simon and Schuster. pp. 202, 206. ISBN 978-1-63936-196-0. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  8. ^ Bánffy, Miklós (30 June 2011). The Phoenix Land. Quercus Publishing. p. 94. ISBN 978-1-908129-67-3. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  9. ^ a b c Anghelache, Mirela Adriana; Tóth, Attila; Fekete, Albert; Vries, Jeroen de; Fricker, Pia; Troll, Hartmut; Andreucci, Maria Beatrice; Pozzana, Maria Chiara; Crăciun, Cerasella; Hostiuc, Constantin; Gârjoabă, Atena-Ioana; Halmag, Ștefania-Roxana (3 March 2022). Heritage, Landscape and Restoration of Historical Gardens. Cuvillier Verlag. p. 45. ISBN 978-3-7369-6583-6. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  10. ^ Gudenus, János József (1990). A magyarországi főnemesség XX. századi genealógiája: köt. A-J (in Hungarian). Heraldika Kiadó. p. 351. ISBN 978-963-234-313-6. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  11. ^ Felbermann, Lajos (1911). The House of Teck: A Romance of a Thousand Years. J. Long. p. 183. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  12. ^ Éble, Gábor (1913). A nagy-károlyi gróf Károlyi család leszármazása a leányági ivadékok feltüntetésével: levéltári és anyakönyvi eredeti és hiteles okiratok alapján (in Hungarian). Franklin-Társulat. p. 7. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  13. ^ a b Gudenus, János József (1993). A magyarországi főnemesség XX. századi genealógiája (in Hungarian). Tellér KFT. pp. 33, 37. ISBN 978-963-8178-00-8. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  14. ^ Baedeker (Firm), Karl (1911). Austria-Hungary: With Excursions to Cetinje, Belgrade, and Bucharest : Handbook for Travellers. K. Baedeker. p. 443. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  15. ^ The Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage, Or "Who's Who", of the Sovereigns, Princes and Nobles of Europe. Harrison & Sons. 1914. p. 333. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  16. ^ Neumayr, Eva (25 November 2019). Maria Anna Mozart: Facetten einer Künstlerin (in German). Hollitzer Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 161. ISBN 978-3-99012-562-5. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  17. ^ "Marriage for Love". The San Francisco Examiner. 27 March 1949. p. 94. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  18. ^ Taylor, Stephen (1978). Who's who in Austria. Central European Times Publishing Company Limited. p. 33. ISBN 978-3-921220-18-4. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  19. ^ Rutkowski, Ernst (1983). Briefe und Dokumente zur Geschichte der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des böhmisch-mährischen Raumes (in German). Oldenbourg. p. 41. ISBN 978-3-486-51831-3. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  20. ^ Illustrirte Zeitung (in German). April 1932. p. 451. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
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