Ajit Singh (Sikhism)

Sahibzada
Baba
Ajit Singh
Ji
Sahibzada; Baba Ajit Singh Ji
ਅਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ, ਸਾਹਿਬਜ਼ਾਦਾ
	Detail of Sahibzada Ajit Singh from a mural depicting Guru Gobind Singh and his four sons (the Sahibzadas) located within Takht Hazur Sahib
Title	Sahibzada
Personal
Born	11 February 1687; Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh
Died	23 December 1704 (aged 17)
Cause of death	Killed in Action
Religion	Sikhism
Parents	Guru Gobind Singh (father); Mata Sundari (mother);
Known for	Battle of Chamkaur
Relatives	Jujhar Singh (half-brother) Zorawar Singh (half-brother) Fateh Singh (half-brother)

Ajit Singh (Punjabi: ਅਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ, pronunciation: [äːd͡ʒiːt sɪ́ŋgᵊ]; 11 February 1687 –23 December 1704), also referred to with honorifics as Sahibzada Ajit Singh or Baba Ajit Singh, was the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh and the son of Mata Sundari.^[1] His younger brothers were Jujhar Singh, Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh, but they had been born to Mata Jito.^[2] He was killed in the Second Battle of Chamkaur along with his brother Jujhar Singh. His other two brothers, Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh, nine and seven years old, respectively, were bricked alive at Fatehgarh Sahib on order of Wazir Khan, governor of Sirhind-Fategarh.^[3]

Early life

Ajit Singh was born to Mata Sundari and Guru Gobind Singh at Paonta Sahib on 11 February 1687.^[3] He was brought up in Anandpur, where his education included religious texts, history, and philosophy. He received training from Jeevan Singh (Bhai Jaita) in riding and the martial arts of swordsmanship and archery.

The Ranghars of Nuh

He was given his first military assignment when barely 12 years old. A Muslim tribe, the Ranghars of prophet Noh, had attacked and looted a Sikh Sangat (congregation) coming from the Pothohar region of northwest Punjab. Guru Gobind Singh sent Ajit Singh in command of 100 men to the village, which was a short distance from Anandpur across the River Satluj. Ajit Singh reached the village on 23 May 1699, recovered the looted property, and punished the offenders.^[3]

Anandpur and Nirmohgarh

In 1700 Anandpur was attacked by hill chiefs assisted by troops provided by the Mughal faujdar of Sirhind. Guru Gobind Singh had erected five Qila (forts) on the outskirts of the city. Ajit Singh, assisted by Bhai Udai Singh, a seasoned soldier, was put in charge of the defense of the Qila Taragarh Sahib. On 29 August in the Battle of Taragarh the hill chiefs made the fort the target for their first attack, which was successfully repulsed. For four days the chiefs attacked the fortresses around the citadel, without success.^[3]

On 15 March 1701, a Sikh Sangat coming from the Darap area (near Sialkot) was waylaid by Gujjars and Rangers. Ajit Singh led a successful expedition against them.

In 1702, Ajit Singh along with the Sikh army defeated the Mughals in the Battle of Nirmohgarh (1702) and later in the Battle of Basoli.

Restoring a Brahmin's wife

In March 1703, Dewki Das, a Brahmin came to Anandpur and requested the Guru to help him in getting back his wife whom Chowdhry Jabar Khan, the chief of Dera Bassi, had taken away forcibly; the Guru asked Sahibzada Ajit Singh and Bhai Udey Singh to help the Brahmin. On 7 March 1703, both of them, joined by about one hundred Sikhs, went to Bassi Kalan; they put siege to the village and sent a message to Jabar Khan to return the Brahmin's wife; but Jabar Khan, instead of returning the Brahmin's wife, asked his soldiers to attack the Sikhs; it was followed by a full-fledged battle, in which Jabar Khan was killed; the Brahmin's wife was restored to him. When this news reached the people, they praised the Sikhs for their role.^[4]

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Second Battle of Chamkaur

When Mughal forces besieged Anandpur in 1704, during which a long stalemate occurred, the Mughal faujdar gave his assurances that he only wanted the fort of Anandpur and would let the population of the town go unharmed. Anandpur was vacated on the night of 5th and 6 December 1704. Ajit Singh was given the command of the rearguard. As the besiegers, violating their solemn promises, attacked the column, he stoutly engaged them on a hill-feature called Shahi Tibbi until he was relieved by Udai Singh. Ajit Singh crossed the Sirsa rivulet, then in spate, along with his father, younger brother, Jujhar Singh, and some others. Further reduced in numbers by casualties at the hands of pursuing troops from Ropar, the column reached Kotla Nihang and then proceeded to Chamkaur on the night between 6th and 7 December 1704. There they rested for some hours in the fortress of Budhi Chand Rawat.^[6] But, in the afternoon the Muslim soldiers from Malerkotla and Sirhind reached there, surrounded the fortress, and threw a tight ring around it. The Sikhs too took up position. An unequal but grim battle started. The Sikhs had exhausted the meagre stock of ammunitions and arrows, hence they made sallies in batches of five each to engage the encircling host, of the much larger army, with sword and spear. There were only 40 Sikhs.

Ajit Singh led one of the sallies and laid down his life fighting in the thick of the battle. Gurdwara Katalgarh now marks the spot where he fell, followed by Jujhar Singh who led the next sally. Their bodies and the bodies of the other martyr Sikhs were cremated by Sharan Kaur Pabla. An annual fair known as Shaheedi Jor Mela is held to remark their martyrdoms in December - January.

Legacy

Ajitgarh, one of the largest cities in Punjab lying adjacent to its capital Chandigarh, has been named in the memory of Sahibzada Ajit Singh, Ajitgarh ('Home of Ajit'). It is located in the district of the state which is also named after him Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar District.^[7]

The Honourable Prime Minister Narendra Modi has paid homage to the Chaar Sahibazde on various occasions, particularly during the celebration of their bravery and sacrifice on Veer Bal Diwas (Day of Brave Children). Veer Bal Diwas is observed in honour of the Chaar Sahibzaade, who are remembered greatly amongst Sikhs across the globe.^[8]

Battles

References

^ ^a ^b The encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Vol. 1. Harbans Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University. 1992–1998. pp. 33–34. ISBN 0-8364-2883-8. OCLC 29703420. AJIT SINGH, SAHIBZADA (1687-1705), the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh, was born to Mata Sundari at Paonta on 26 January 1687.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^ ^a ^b Raju, Karam Singh (1999). Guru Gobind Singh: Prophet of Peace. Sanbun Publishers. p. 57. ISBN 9789380213644.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ashok, Shamsher Singh. "AJIT SIHGH, SAHIBZADA (1687-1704)". Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University Punjabi.
^ Harajindara Siṅgha Dilagīra (1997). The Sikh Reference Book. Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark. p. 133. ISBN 9788190065023.
^ Sangat Singh (2001). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Uncommon Books. p. 75. ISBN 9788190065023.
^ Harjinder Singh Dilgeer, Sikh History in 10 Volumes, vol. 1
^ "Mohali is now Ajitgarh". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 August 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
^ "Veer Bal Diwas 2022: History, significance and everything you need to know". India Today.