African Solidarity Fund
The African Solidarity Fund (ASF), also known by its French name and acronym (Fonds de Solidarité Africain, FSA), is a multilateral, financial guarantee institution based in Niamey, Niger. Currently it has 23 member states. The purpose of the ASF is to contribute to the economic and social development of its regional member states by facilitating access to credit for states and public and private enterprises in its area of operation, to finance productive investment projects, and to mobilize local and external savings, in particular by providing loan guarantees on the financial markets.[1]
Historic overview
[edit]The Agreement establishing the African Solidarity Fund was adopted by the National Assembly of France and signed in Paris on 21 December 1976. The purpose of the ASF at that time was to facilitate the economic development of the participating African States - mainly States most disadvantaged by structural factors - by contributing to the financing of investment projects of particular interest. Fifteen African States and France participated in the creation of the Fund.[2] The application for membership of three other African countries was accepted by the original members as early as April 1977.[3] In France, the creation of the Fund was the subject of Law no. 77-732 of 7 July 1977.[4]
ASF operations began in September 1979.[5]
The French National Assembly adopted several amendments to the Agreement establishing the Fund in 1991. Law No. 91-1401 of 31 December 1991 validated changes to the conditions of guarantees of repayment, the headquarters, the resources, the operations, and the organization of the Fund. With regard to the headquarters, Law No. 91-1401 indicates that – even if the Agreement of 21 December 1976 had fixed the seat "provisionally" in Paris – since its creation, the headquarters of the Fund had always been established de facto in Niamey, Republic of Niger.[6][7]
After more than 30 years of existence, the Fund's constituent texts were subject to further revision. Thus, at their meeting on 20 December 2008, held in Niamey, the Ministers responsible for the Fund adopted the Revised Agreement establishing the African Solidarity Fund. The Revised Agreement entered into force upon notification of its ratification by the majority of signatory States.[8] France, which ratified the Agreement of 21 December 1976 and participated in the activities of the Fund until 2000, is not among the signatories to the Revised Agreement.[9]
At the end of 2021, a first amendment was adopted by the representatives of the member countries of the ASF concerning several changes to the Revised Agreement of 2008, particularly with regard to the transfer of powers from the General Assembly to the Board of Governors and the definitions of the purpose and missions of the ASF.
Mission
[edit]The mission of the ASF is to contribute to the economic development and social progress of its African member states by facilitating, through its intervention techniques, access to the financial resources needed to carry out investment projects and other income-generating activities.[10]
Member States
[edit]The 23 member states of the ASF are Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Chad and Togo.[11]
Organization
[edit]The management of the ASF's internal structures is ensured by the Board of Governors, the Board of Directors and the Director General. The Board of Governors is composed of the Ministers of Finance of the Member States. The Board of Directors includes one administrator per member state.[12] The Director General is named by the Board of Directors and tasked with the management of ASF's daily operations.
The Specialised Committees include ad hoc and permanent committees that deliberate on operational and institutional matters as mandated by the Board of Directors.[13]
The mobilization and allocation of resources
[edit]The financial resources of the ASF consist of endowments resulting from shareholder (member state) capital payments, operational revenue, investment gained from earnings, grants, resources allocated to specific tasks related to third-party fund management, and revenue from fixed deposits.
The authorized capital of the ASF is made up of contributions from its members. African member states of the ASF are category A shareholders. Non-African member states and institutions are category B shareholders. On June 30, 2023, the Development Bank of the Central African States (BDEAC)[14] became the ASF's first category B shareholder.[15]
The ASF intervenes in all sectors of the national economies of its member states, in particular in basic infrastructure, industries and energy.
The types of intervention
[edit]The principal types of intervention are the guarantee, refinancing, interest rate subsidies, stake acquisition, third party fund management, and arrangement of structuring the financing for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
As of December 31, 2020, the cumulative approvals of guarantees reached EUR 1,164.1 million, in favor of 442 projects in 15 of the Fund's member states. These interventions enabled the mobilization of financing amounting to EUR 2,252.3 million. In fiscal year 2021, 51 guarantee requests were approved for a total amount of EUR 199.8 million.[16]
Regional and international partners
[edit]Since 1996, the ASF has worked closely with the West African Development Bank (BOAD). Their cooperation agreement was renewed in November 2013. As part of this agreement, the ASF provided both guarantees and interest rate subsidies for several loans. This permitted the BOAD to increase the volume of loans that it provides to investors in the West African region.[17]
In July 2018, the ASF signed a partnership agreement with the French Public Investment Bank Bpifrance. The general objective of this partnership is to promote the development of the private sector and the commercial public sector in ASF member countries. Bpifrance wants to thereby strengthen the capacities of the ASF to better meet the needs of investors in its areas of intervention.[18]
On January 25, 2020, the ASF signed a partnership agreement with the Development Bank of the Central African States (BDEAC). This agreement was signed with a view to increasing the financing of public and private investments in ASF member states. For the ASF, this implied a substantial increase of ASF interventions in the Central African region.[19] In a follow up to this partnership agreement, the BDEAC, ASF and the Gabonese company SERUS Investments SA convened on September 6, 2021 in Niamey, Niger, to sign a guarantee agreement facilitating the construction of a major business and hotel complex in Moanda, Gabon. ASF agreed to guarantee 60% of the proposed investment loan, amounting to the equivalent of about US$2.74 million.[20]
On December 21, 2023, Moussa Faki Mahamat, President of the African Union Commission, received the credentials of Mr. Abdourahmane Diallo, Managing Director of the African Solidarity Fund, as observer to the African Union.[21]
In June 2024, the Director of the ASF announced an increase in the Fund's capital of around USD 286.8 million, thanks to support provided by the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA).[22]
Ratings
[edit]The ASF has been the object of numerous independent ratings during the past decade.
The West Africa Rating Agency (WARA),[23] conducted rating exercises in 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. In July 2021, WARA assigned an overall rating of AA+ while the outlook was rated positive. WARA's rating reports are available online.[24]
In November 2023, Moody's Investors Service (Moody's) assigned a Baa1 long-term foreign currency issuer rating to the ASF, with a stable outlook. Moody's rating reflected ASF's moderate capital adequacy, balancing weak asset quality against moderate and improving leverage, the Fund's liquidity position supported by structurally positive net cashflows, and the low strength of member support in case of need.[25]
At a ceremony held on May 28, 2024 in Nairobi, Kenya, the ASF was awarded an A rating by the Association of African Development Finance Institutions (AADFI), after having been assessed in terms of its compliance with NDPSE standards (Standards, Prudential Frameworks, and Evaluation System), as well as its impact on the development of its member states.[26]
On July 8, 2024, GCR Ratings (GCR)[27] upgraded the Fund's long-term issuer rating from AA+(WU) to AAA(WU) on its regional scale. The outlook is stable. The upgrade of the ASF's rating reflects its robust financial health and the significant progress made in its activities. Despite the poor quality of its portfolio, the ASF's rating benefits from solid capitalisation and substantial liquidity reserves. Recent accessions by member states and financial institutions strengthen its capital position, with positive prospects for the future. The Fund maintains a prudent liquidity policy, with 23% liquid assets, 19% of which are immediately available to meet anticipated needs. The Fund's governance is robust, although there is still room for improvement in the quality of the asset portfolio. The clean-up of non-performing assets in 2023 has significantly reduced the claims ratio, and market and operational risks are well under control. The Fund's stable rating outlook is based on several strong points. GCR expects capitalisation to remain robust with capital expected to be released over the next 12 to 18 months. In addition, the Fund is expected to maintain a strong liquidity profile, and the sector and geographic concentrations of its development portfolio are expected to improve, with prudent management of counterparty risks.[28]
Performance
[edit]In January 2021, ASF's compliance with ISO 9001:2015 was certified by the UK branch of Veritas Certification Holding SAS.[29] Compliance with ISO 9001:2015 may serve as an objective and verifiable indicator of ASF's strong performance in terms of operational management and fund administration.[30]
Regional significance
[edit]The ASF is one of the three main multilateral financial guarantee institutions on the African continent, the others being: the African Guarantee Fund (AGF)[31] and the Fonds Africain de Garantie et de Coopération Economique (FAGACE).[32]
Perspectives
[edit]Morocco and Sierra Leone joined the ASF in June 2024. Cape Verde, Congo, Comoros, Gambia and Liberia joined in late June 2023. Another 14 countries are in an advanced stage of joining the Fund: Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Madagascar, Namibia, Sudan, Nigeria, Seychelles, South Africa, and Uganda.[33]
The President of Chad, Idriss Déby, has recommended that the ASF should be transformed into a specialized institution of the African Union. This recommendation has received the support of the Prime Minister of Niger, Brigi Rafini.[34]
External links
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Africain, FSA-Fonds de Solidarité. "FSA - Fonds de Solidarité Africain". Fonds de Solidarité Africain - Ensemble batire une afrique prospère. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ Projet de Loi
- ^ Carreau, Dominique; Flory, Thiébaut; Juillard, Patrick (1977). "Chronique de Droit international économique". Annuaire Français de Droit International. 23: 648–699. doi:10.3406/afdi.1977.2059.
- ^ French government paper
- ^ "Le Fonds de Solidarité Africain (FSA) devient le 47e Actionnaire de Shelter-Afrique".
- ^ Rapport
- ^ "LOI no 91-1401 du 31 décembre 1991 autorisant l'approbation des amendements à l'accord portant création du Fonds de solidarité africain (1)".
- ^ "Journal Officiel de la Republique du Senegal".
- ^ "Décret N° 2011-321 du 02 avril 2011".
- ^ "PRÉSENTATION GÉNÉRALE". fondsolidariteafricain.org. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ "FSA - Fonds de Solidarité Africain".
- ^ https://fondsolidariteafricain.org/details/2021, page 21ff
- ^ https://fondsolidariteafricain.org/details/2021, page 30
- ^ https://www.bdeac.org/
- ^ "La Bdeac devient actionnaire du Fonds de solidarité africain". 7 July 2023.
- ^ https://fondsolidariteafricain.org/details/2021, pages 31 and 37
- ^ "UEMOA: la BOAD et le Fonds de solidarité africain actualisent leur coopération". News.alome.com. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ Financial Afrik (18 July 2018). "Le Fonds de Solidarité Africain (FSA) et Bpifrance s'associent pour promouvoir le développement des investissements privés en Afrique". Financial Afrik. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ Financial Afrik (27 January 2020). "Le Fonds de solidarité africain signe une entente avec la BDEAC". Financial Afrik. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ "Le Fonds de solidarité africain garant du prêt de 1,8 milliard de FCFA pour le Complexe commercial et hôtelier à Moanda".
- ^ https://twitter.com/AUC_MoussaFaki/status/1737763943769104660
- ^ https://www.agenceecofin.com/investissement/2406-119722-fonds-de-solidarite-africain-la-badea-soutiendra-une-augmentation-de-capital-de-287-millions
- ^ "Agence de notation ouest-africaine agréée par l'AMF-UMOA - WARA". Wara-ratings.com. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ "fonds de solidarite africain - WARA". Wara-ratings.com. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ "Moody's - credit ratings, research, and data for global capital markets".
- ^ https://adfi-ci.org/fr/aadfi-celebrates-excellence-in-development-finance-with-its-awards/
- ^ https://gcrratings.com/
- ^ https://gcrratings.com/announcements/gcr-place-les-notations-demetteur-de-long-terme-aawu-et-de-court-terme-a1wu-du-fonds-de-solidarite-africain-fsa-en-extension-de-revue/
- ^ "Certification Services". Bureau Veritas UK. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
- ^ "Le Fonds de Solidarité Africain décroche la Certification ISO 9001 : 2015".
- ^ "English". African Guarantee Fund. 31 December 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ "Home - FAGACE". Le-fagace.org. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ https://www.linkedin.com/posts/fonds-de-solidarit%C3%A9-africain-fsa-8710aa160_les-voyants-du-fsa-sont-au-vert-activity-7047191816508428288-Y5h0/
- ^ "Célébration du 40ème anniversaire du Fonds de Solidarité Africaine (FSA) : Le Premier ministre salue la proposition de faire du FSA une Institution spécialisée de l'Union Africaine - aniamey.com". News.aniamey.com. Retrieved 27 January 2021.