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See also: India's quantum computer

The artificial intelligence (AI) market in India is projected to reach $8 billion by 2025, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 40% from 2020 to 2025.[1] This growth is part of the broader AI boom, a global period of rapid technological advancements starting in the late 2010s and gaining prominence in the early 2020s, marked by breakthroughs such as generative AI models from OpenAI and Alphafold by Google DeepMind. In India, the development of AI has been similarly transformative, with applications in healthcare, finance, and education, bolstered by government initiatives like NITI Aayog's 2018[2] National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence.

While AI presents significant opportunities for economic growth and social development in India, challenges such as data privacy concerns, skill shortages, and ethical considerations need to be addressed for responsible AI deployment.[3]

History

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Early days (1960s-1980s)

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The TIFRAC (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Automatic Calculator) was designed and developed by a team led by Rangaswamy Narasimhan between 1954 and 1960. He worked on pattern recognition from 1961 to 1964 at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign's Digital Computer Laboratory. In order to conduct research on database technology, computer networking, computer graphics, and systems software, he and M. G. K. Menon founded the National Centre for Software Development and Computing Techniques.[4] In 1965, he established the Computer Society of India and supervised the initial research work on AI at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. Jagdish Lal launched the first computer science program in 1976 at Motilal Nehru Regional Engineering College. H. K. Kesavan from the University of Waterloo and Vaidyeswaran Rajaraman from the University of Wisconsin–Madison joined the IIT Kanpur Electrical Engineering Department in 1963–1964 as Assistant Professor and Head of Department, respectively. H.N. Mahabala, who was employed at Bendix Corporation's Computer Division, joined the department in 1965. He previously worked with Marvin Minsky. The IIT Kanpur Computer Center was led by H. K. Kesavan, with Vaidyeswaran Rajaraman serving as his deputy. Kesavan informally permitted Rajaraman and Mahabala to introduce artificial intelligence into computer science classes. The computer science program was approved by IIT Kanpur in 1971 and split out from the electrical engineering department. In 1973, an IBM System/370 Model 155 was installed at IIT Madras. John McCarthy, head of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at Stanford University visited IIT Kanpur in 1971. He donated PDP-1 with a time-sharing operating system. During the 1970s, the balance of payments deficit in India restricted import of computers. The Department of Computer Science and Automation at the Indian Institute of Science established in 1969, played an important role in nurturing the development of data science and artificial intelligence in India. First course on AI was introduced in 1970's by G. Krishna. B. L. Deekshatulu introduced the first course on pattern recognition in early 1970s.[5][6][7][8][5][9]

Foundation phase

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1980s

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In the 1980s, the Indian Statistical Institute's Optical Character Recognition Project was one of the country's first attempts at studying artificial intelligence and machine learning. OCR technology has benefited greatly from the work of ISI's Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit, which is headed by Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri. He also contributed in the development of computer vision and digital image processing.[10][11][12] As part of the Indian Fifth Generation Computer Systems Research Programme, the Department of Electronics, with support from the United Nations Development Programme, initiated the Knowledge Based Computer Systems Project in 1986, marking the beginning of India's first major AI research program. Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi requested that the Department of Electronics and IISc to initiate the Parallel Processing Project in 1986–1987. The Center for Development of Advanced Computing eventually joined those efforts. IIT Madras was selected to develop system diagnosis, ISI for image processing, National Centre for Software Technology for natural language processing and TIFR for speech processing.[5][6][9][13][14]

In 1987, the proposal of N. Seshagiri, Director General of the National Informatics Centre for the prototype development of supercomputer was cleared.[15][16] Negotiations for a Cray supercomputer were underway between the Reagan administration and the Rajiv Gandhi government. US Defense Secretaries Frank Carlucci and Caspar Weinberger visited New Delhi after the US approved the transfer in 1988. The sale of a lower-end XMP-14 supercomputer was permitted in lieu of the Cray XMP-24 supercomputer due to security concerns. The Center for Development of Advanced Computing was formally established in March 1988 by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (previously the Ministry of IT) within the Department of Information Technology (formerly the Department of Electronics) in response to a recommendation made to the Prime Minister by the Scientific Advisory Council. The National Initiative in Supercomputing, which produced the PARAM series, was led by Vijay P. Bhatkar. For the first ten years, supercomputing and Indian language computing were the two main focus areas. C-DAC has expanded its operations in order to meet the needs in a number of domains, including network and internet software, real-time systems, artificial intelligence, and NLP.[17][18][19][20][21]

Under the direction of Professor KV Ramakrishnamacharyulu from National Sanskrit University and Professor Rajeev Sangal from the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, the Akshar Bharati Research Group was established in 1984 with support from IIT Kanpur and the University of Hyderabad for computational processing of Indian languages. They focused on computational linguistics, NLP with ontological database systems, and Indian language/translation theories with linguistic tradition.[22][23][24][25]

1990s

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From IIT Kanpur, Mohan Tambe joined C-DAC in the 1990s to work on Graphics and Intelligence based Script Technology (GIST), which addressed the challenge of adapting personal computer software based on Latin script to Devanagiri and a number of other Indian language scripts. He was previously working on the Machine Translation for Indian languages Project. Within C-DAC, he established the GIST group. The technology was expanded to encompass NLP, artificial intelligence-based machine-aided language learning and translation, multimedia and multilingual computing solutions, and more. GIST resulted in the creation of G-CLASS (GIST cross language search plug-ins suite), a cross-language search engine. The Applied Artificial Intelligence Group at C-DAC has developed some basic and novel applications in the field of NLP, including machine translation, information extraction/retrieval, automatic summarization, speech recognition, text-to-speech synthesis, intelligent language teaching, and natural language-based document management with Decision Support Systems. These applications are the result of the foundation laid by previous language technology activities. Software firms in the Indian private sector began looking into AI applications, mostly in the area of business process automation.[5][6][20][26]

In order to allow machines to read, comprehend, and interpret human languages, the Language Technologies Research Center was founded in October 1999 at the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad. It focused on the advancements in semantic parsing, information extraction, natural language generation, sentiment analysis, and dialogue systems.[27]

Some of the early AI research in India was driven by societal needs.[5][28][29][30] For example;

Growth and acceleration phase

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Around 2003, language technology, computer vision, and data science research groups were established at the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad. With an emphasis on applied and translational research, the institute has the largest group of AI and machine learning researchers in India as of 2023. They also work on blockchain and quantum computing. In partnership with Intel, they created the Indian Driving Dataset, which contains the largest amount of road data for unstructured driving situations worldwide.[31]

The Government of Karnataka established the Centre of Excellence for Machine Learning & Robotics at the International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore in 2018 with the goal of creating frameworks and regulations for ethical and responsible AI technologies.[32][33] It researches on human-machine interface, industrial robotics and automation, data science and analysis, pattern recognition, machine intelligence, and AI systems.[34]

NITI Aayog signed partnership agreement with Microsoft in 2018 to help expedite the use of AI for the development and adoption of local language computing, and to create farm advice services. Microsoft-NITI Aayog Problem to Solution Incubation Test Bed will be established. Microsoft will also help develop AI-assisted models for diabetic retinopathy screening.[35][36]

INDIAai, a collaborative initiative of the National E-Government Division and NASSCOM for AI-related advancements, was introduced by Ravi Shankar Prasad on May 30, 2020. In partnership with Intel and the Ministry of Education, the Responsible AI for Youth Program was also introduced to foster the development of AI-related skills.[37] The Yardi School of Artificial Intelligence was founded in September 2020 by IIT Delhi to advance research in AI, ML, and data science in the fields of healthcare, materials science, robotics, industry 4.0, weather prediction, and transportation.[38] $10 million was contributed by Yardi Systems' Anant Yardi in 2021 for education, infrastructure and research related activities.[39] Sharad Kumar Saraf and Sudarshan Kumar Saraf, the founders of Technocraft Industries, donated ₹15 crore to establish the Technocraft Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence at IIT Bombay in March 2021.[40][41]

According to Stanford University's annual AI Index report, India ranked fifth globally in 2022 in terms of investments received by businesses offering AI products and services.[42]

The Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science was officially opened by IIT Bombay on April 28, 2023.[43][44] The National Research Foundation was created to advance research in a variety of fields, including AI with a budget of ₹50,000 crore for five years.[45][46]

The Union Cabinet approved an extension of the Digital India program in 2023, allocating ₹14,903 crore starting FY2021-22 to FY2025-26 for the addition of nine new supercomputers under the National Super Computer Mission. All 22 of the Schedule 8 languages will be available for Bhashini. There will be the establishment of three AI Centers of Excellence focused on sustainable cities, agriculture, and health.[47][48] Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed international concerns about the negative use of artificial intelligence during a virtual G20 conference hosted by India in November 2023.[49]

To assist the Indian government and policymakers on data science and AI-related policy issues, Sunil Wadhwani gave ₹110 crore to IIT Madras in 2024 for Wadhwani School of Data Science and AI. The institute will combine fundamental and applied research in systems biology, manufacturing, energy and the environment, healthcare, agriculture, smart cities and transportation, financial analytics, and defense.[50]

India invested $1.25 billion (₹10,372 crore) on INDIAai.[51] With a budget of ₹990 crore, Dharmendra Pradhan announced on October 15, 2024, the creation of three AI Centers of Excellence in New Delhi: one for agricultural (under IIT Ropar), one for sustainable cities (under IIT Kanpur), and one for healthcare (under AIIMS and IIT Delhi).[52] In November 2024, the Karnataka government approved a ₹28 crore investment to construct a Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence in Bengaluru.[53]

National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems

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The mission which has a five-year budget of ₹3,660 crore, was authorized by the Union Cabinet in December 2018 under the Department of Science and Technology. A technological vertical in AI and ML, IoT, data bank and DaaS, data analysis, autonomous systems and robotics, cyber security, and quantum engineering has been assigned to each of the 25 technological innovation hubs that have been formed.[54]

To translate academic research on AI at the proof of concept stage into commercially viable goods and services, IIT Kharagpur established the AI4ICPS Innovation Hub Foundation in 2020. Under the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS), the Department of Science and Technology awarded it a grant of ₹170 crore.[55][56]

With a seed money of ₹230 crore from the Department of Science and Technology and the Government of Karnataka, an Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Technology Park was established at the Indian Institute of Science as not-for-profit foundation in November 2020 for mission-mode research and development projects in cyber-security, healthcare, education, mobility, infrastructure, agriculture, and retail.[57][58]

TiHAN at IIT Hyderabad hosted India's first Autonomous Navigations Testbed Facility (Aerial & Terrestrial) in 2022, which was opened by Jitendra Singh Rana from Ministry of Science and Technology to develop next-generation autonomous navigation technology.[59][60]

To develop spectral and energy-efficient wireless communications technology for 5G and 5G-Advanced, Kiran Kumar Kuchi of IIT Hyderabad and IIITB Comet Foundation in 2024 developed an O-RAN base station solution that triples capacity and improves cell coverage when compared to 4G networks.[61]

Technology Innovation Hubs[62]

Name Location Area of research
AI4ICPS I-Hub Foundation IIT Kharagpur Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
TIH Foundation for IoT and IoE IIT Bombay Internet of things & Internet of everything
IIIT-H Data I-Hub Foundation International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad Data Banks & Data Services, Data Analysis
I-HUB for Robotics and Autonomous Systems Innovation Foundation Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru Robotics & Autonomous Systems
IHUB NTIHAC Foundation IIT Kanpur Cyber Security and Cyber Security for Physical Infrastructure
IHUB Drishti Foundation IIT Jodhpur Computer vision, Augmented and virtual reality
Divyasampark IHUB Roorkee for Devices Materials and Technology Foundation IIT Roorkee Device Technology and Materials
IIT Patna Vishlesan I-hub Foundation IIT Patna Speech, Video & Text Analytics
IIT Madras Pravartak Technologies Foundation IIT Madras Sensors, Networking, Actuator & controls
NMICPS Technology Innovation Hub on Autonomous Navigation Foundation (TiHAN) IIT Hyderabad Autonomous Navigation and Data Acquisition systems
I-DAPT-HUB Foundation IIT (BHU) Varanasi Data Analytics & Predictive Technologies
IIT Guwahati Technology Innovation and Development Foundation IIT Guwahati Technologies for underwater exploration
IIT Mandi I-Hub and HCI Foundation IIT Mandi Human–computer interaction
I-Hub Foundation for Cobotics IIT Delhi Collaborative robotics
IIT Ropar Technology and Innovation Foundation IIT Ropar Technologies for agriculture & water.
Technology Innovation in Exploration & Mining Foundation IIT (ISM) Dhanbad Technologies for mining
IIT Palakkad Technology I-Hub Foundation IIT Palakkad Intelligent collaborative systems
IIITB Comet Foundation International Institute of Information Technology, Bengaluru Advanced communication system
BITS BioCYTiH Foundation BITS Pilani Bio-Cyber-Physical Systems
IDEAS- Institute of Data Engineering, Analytics and Science Foundation Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata Data Science, Big Data Analytics and Data curation
IITI Drishti CPS Foundation IIT Indore System Simulation, Modelling & Visualization
IHUB Anubhuti-IIITD Foundation Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi Cognitive Computing & Social Sensing
I-Hub Quantum Technology Foundation Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune Quantum technologies
IIT Tirupati Navavishkar I-Hub Foundation IIT Tirupati Positioning and Precision Technologies
IIT Bhilai Innovation and Technology Foundation IIT Bhilai Fintech

Legislation

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India currently does not have specific laws regulating artificial intelligence (AI). However, the Indian government has introduced several initiatives and guidelines aimed at the responsible development and deployment of AI technologies.[63][64] The Indian government has tasked NITI Aayog, its apex public policy think tank, with establishing guidelines and policies for AI. In 2018, NITI Aayog released the National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence, also known as #AIForAll, which focuses on healthcare, agriculture, education, smart cities, and smart mobility.[65]

In 2021, NITI Aayog published the "Principles for Responsible AI," addressing ethical considerations for AI deployment in India. These principles cover system considerations, such as decision-making and accountability, and societal considerations, such as the impact of automation on employment. The second part of this document, "Operationalizing Principles for Responsible AI," released in August 2021, focuses on implementing these ethical principles through regulatory and policy interventions, capacity building, and incentivizing ethical practices.[63][64]

In 2023, the Indian government enacted the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, which addresses some privacy concerns related to AI platforms. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has also issued advisories requiring platforms to obtain explicit permission before deploying unreliable AI models and to label AI-generated content to prevent misuse.[63][64] India is a member of the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI), which promotes the responsible use of AI through international collaboration. In 2023, the GPAI Summit was held in New Delhi, where experts discussed responsible AI, data governance, and the future of work.[63]

Other Indian agencies, such as the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), are also working on AI policies. BIS has established a committee to propose draft standards for AI, focusing on safety, reliability, and ethical considerations.[66] India has not yet enacted specific AI regulations. However, the government has introduced measures to promote innovation and address ethical concerns and risks associated with AI. These efforts aim to support the growth of India's AI ecosystem and ensure responsible AI deployment.[67]

India has launched an AI Data Bank aimed at fostering innovation and enhancing national security. This initiative is designed to harness the power of artificial intelligence by providing a centralized repository of data that can be utilized across various sectors, including governance, business, healthcare, education, and space exploration. By facilitating access to crucial information, the AI Data Bank will support research and development efforts, stimulate technological advancements, and bolster the country’s security framework. This strategic move underscores India's commitment to leveraging AI for national progress and safeguarding its interests in an increasingly digital world.[68]

International collaboration

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In 2021, the Indian Department of Science and Technology and the United States Department of State were designated as the nodal agencies for the US India Artificial Intelligence Initiative launched under Indo-US Science and Technology Forum.[69][70] It will provide a forum for bilateral research and development cooperation. It will also facilitate AI innovation, exchange ideas for building an AI workforce, and suggest ways to promote collaborations.[71][72][73]

The United States and India expanded their joint cyber training and exercises in 2022 and initiated the Defense Artificial Intelligence Dialogue.[74][75] According to Cleo Paskal, a non-resident senior fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, the Indian community has influenced artificial intelligence research and development in the United States for many years. Things are taken to the next level by the Defense Artificial Intelligence Dialogue.[76] In the same year, the US intends to join six of India's Technology Innovation Hubs to support collaborative research projects in fields including AI, advanced wireless technologies, and data science to further advancements in applications like agriculture, health, and climate. Thirty-five projects have been selected for implementation by the DST and National Science Foundation.[77][78]

As part of the United States–India Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology, the US and India announced setting aside more than $2 million in 2024 for collaborative research initiatives that will advance AI and quantum technology.[79][80]

In order to develop advanced driver-assistance systems and vehicular automation technologies that can be used in different parts of the world, the Japanese business Honda began collaborative research on AI technologies with IIT Delhi and IIT Bombay in 2024. This was done in order to further advance the company's own Honda Cooperative Intelligence AI platform.[81][82]

To create safe, open, secure, and reliable AI, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Emmanuel Macron announced the India-France Roadmap on Artificial Intelligence on February 12, 2025.[83][84] The goal is to make sure that the rules and guidelines governing the use of AI represent democratic principles and maximize its potential for the advancement of humanity and the common good.[85]

Impact

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Industry

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With an investment of ₹20 crore, Tata Consultancy Services founded the FC Kohli Centre on Intelligent Systems at International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad in 2015 to conduct research in the fields of robotics, cognitive sciences, neural language processing, and intelligent systems.[86][87][88]

In March 2018, Capillary Technologies and IIT Kharagpur established the Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence Research for financial analytics, industrial automation, digital healthcare, and intelligent transportation systems, with a combined investment of ₹56.4 million.[89][90] By March 2019, a second campus at Kukatpallya will open.[91] In July, the Karnataka government and NASSCOM jointly established the Center of Excellence for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence on a public–private partnership for helping small and medium enterprises and make big data sets for training models available.[92][93]

For fundamental research in deep learning, reinforcement learning, network analytics, interpretable machine learning, and domain-aware AI, Bosch established the Robert Bosch Center for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence at IIT Madras in 2019.[94][95] The center will concentrate its applied research on systems biology, smart cities, manufacturing analytics, financial analytics, and healthcare. Additionally, it is the location of India's largest deep reinforcement learning group.[96]

The Nvidia AI Technology Center was founded at IIT Hyderabad in 2020 with the goal of accelerating AI research and commercialization.[97] It focuses on the application of AI in language comprehension, smart cities, and agriculture.[98] Situational awareness, operator environment analysis, smart appliances, autonomous navigation systems, edge devices for IoT and industry 4.0, and conversational user interfaces were among the AI applications that Tata Elxsi's Artificial Intelligence Centre of Excellence began deploying in 2020.[99] In 2020, Intel established INAI, an applied artificial intelligence research center in Hyderabad, in partnership with the Public Health Foundation of India, IIIT-H, and the Government of Telangana. INAI will focus on population-level issues in the smart mobility and healthcare sectors.[100]

In 2021, Kotak Mahindra Bank and IISc announced their intention to establish the Kotak-IISc AI-ML Center for research and innovation in fintech, as well as to cultivate the necessary talent pool to satisfy industry demands.[101][102] Private businesses are attempting to create smaller, less expensive large language model. Examples of these include AI4Bharat's Airawat series, Sarvam AI's OpenHathi series, CoRover.ai's BharatGPT, Tech Mahindra's Indus project, Ola's Krutrim, TWO AI's Sutra series, and SML's series.[103][104]

IIT Delhi's Yardi School of Artificial Intelligence and an Indian deep tech firm KnowDis are working together to create AI models that could find possible antibodies to treat a variety of illnesses.[105][106] In part of its $1 billion pledge to accelerate AI-led innovation for the ai360 ecosystem, Wipro announced on August 18, 2023, the opening of a Center of Excellence in Generative Artificial Intelligence in collaboration with IIT Delhi.[107][108]

In 2025, Citadel Securities and IIT Kanpur announced a collaboration to construct the Translational and Transformative Training and Investigations Laboratory, an advanced GPU research facility for work on machine learning, intelligent systems, data science, data visualization, translational AI, and high-performance computing.[109]

Defence

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A task force for the Strategic Implementation of AI for National Security and Defence was established in February 2018 by the Ministry of Defense's Department of Defence Production.[110] The process of getting the military ready for AI use was started by the MoD in 2019.[111] The Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics was approved to develop AI solutions for signal intelligence to improve intelligence collection and analysis capabilities at a cost of ₹73.9 crore and Energy Harvesting Based Infrared Sensor Network for Automated Human Intrusion Detection (EYESIRa) at a cost of ₹1.8 crore.[112] In 2021, the Indian Army, with assistance from the National Security Council, began operating the Quantum Lab and Artificial Intelligence Center at the Military College of Telecommunication Engineering. With an emphasis on robotics and artificial intelligence, Defence Research and Development Organisation and Indian Institute of Science established the Joint Advanced Technology Programme-Center of Excellence.[113][114] In 2022, the Indian Navy created an AI Core group and set up a Center of Excellence for AI and Big Data analysis at INS Valsura.[115][116] Indian Army incubated Artificial Intelligence Offensive Drone Operations Project in partnership with an Indian startup.[117][118] Tonbo Imaging integrated real-time target identification and Edge AI image processing into MPATGM.[119] During Exercise Dakshin Shakti 2021, the Indian Army integrated AI into its intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance architecture to provide a cohesive operational intelligence picture of the battlefield.[120]

In 2022, the Indian government established the Defence Artificial Intelligence Council and the Defence AI Project Agency,[121][122] and it also published a list of 75 defense-related AI priority projects.[123][124] MoD earmarked ₹1,000 crore annually till 2026 for capacity building, infrastructure setup, data preparation, and Al project implementation.[125] The Indian Army, the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force set aside ₹100 crore annually for the development of AI-specific applications.[126] The military is already deploying some AI-enabled projects and equipment.[127][128] At Air Force Station Rajokri, the IAF Centre of Excellence for Artificial Intelligence was established in 2022 as part of the Unit for Digitization, Automation, Artificial Intelligence, and Application Networking (UDAAN).[129] Swarm drone systems were introduced by the Mechanised Infantry Regiment for offensive operations close to LAC.[130]

Grene Robotics revealed Indrajaal Autonomous Drone Defense Dome.[131] For offensive operations, the military began acquiring AI-enabled UAVs and swarm drones.[132][133][134] Bharat Electronics developed AI-enabled audio transcription and analysis software for batlefield communication. Using AI during transport operations, the Indian Army's Research & Development branch patented driver tiredness monitoring system.[135][136] As part of initial investment, the Indian Armed Forces is investing about $50 million (€47.2 million) yearly on AI, according to Delhi Policy Group think tank.[137] For high altitude logistics at forward outposts, military robots are deployed.[138][139] Army is developing autonomous combat vehicles, robotic surveillance platforms, and Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) solutions as part of the Defence AI roadmap.[140] MCTE is working with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and, Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering & Research, on AI and military-grade chipset.[141][142] Phase III of AI-enabled space-based surveillance has been authorized.[143][144]

DRDO Chairman and Secretary of the Department of Defense Research & Development Samir V. Kamat said the agency started concentrating on the potential use of AI in the development of military systems and subsystems.[145] The Indian government intends to leverage the private sector's sizable AI workforce and dual-use technologies for defense by 2026.[146] In order to conduct research on autonomous platforms, improved surveillance, predictive maintenance, and intelligent decision support system, the Indian Army AI Incubation Center was established.[147] Indian Navy launched INS Surat with AI capabilities.[148][149]

Healthcare

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, Qure.ai's AI chest X-ray reporting tool, qXR, was used to identify patients for high, medium, or low risk so that RT-PCR testing could be performed. It can identify pulmonary consolidation, ground-glass opacity, and other signs of COVID-19. The tool provides measurements like the proportion of lung size and volume impacted by the anomalies.[150][151]

As part of the Interdisciplinary Group for Advanced Research on Birth Outcomes – DBT India Initiative (GARBH-Ini) program, IIT Madras and Translational Health Science and Technology Institute in 2024 created India's first AI model, Garbhini-GA2, which will accurately estimate the age of the fetus in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters. In contrast to the current methods of determining a fetus's age in India, which use the Hadlock model developed using pregnancy data from Western countries or the more recent INTERGROWTH-21st model, the Garbhini-GA2, which is specific to the Indian population, uses genetic algorithm-based methods for estimating gestational age. This model reduces the error by nearly three times. The study was carried out in collaboration with Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Christian Medical College Vellore, Safdarjung Hospital, and Gurugram Civil Hospital. Following the completion of pan-India validation, Garbhini-GA2 will be implemented in clinics throughout the country.[152][153] The Ministry of Science and Technology's Department of Biotechnology provided financing for the research, with additional support from the Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (IIT Madras) and the Centre for Integrative Biology and Systems Medicine (IIT Madras).[154][155]

Mobility

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In an effort to improve road safety and decrease fatalities by half, Minister of Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari inaugurated Intelligent Solutions for Road Safety through Technology and Engineering (iRASTE) under Mission Zero on September 11, 2021. The pilot project will run for two years in Nagpur. Intel, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, Central Road Research Institute, Mahindra & Mahindra, and Nagpur Municipal Corporation are part of the pilot project. It is focusing on vehicle safety, mobility analysis, and infrastructure safety.[156][157]

To improve vehicle safety, NMC will outfit its fleet of vehicles with advanced driver-assistance systems and collision avoidance systems. They will also be equipped with sensors which will continuously monitor the road network's dynamic risks for mobility analysis, mapping the city into three zones: white (normal), grey (accident could happen), and black (accident has already happened). The data will be gathered by Intel AI Center at IIIT-H for monitoring and fixing the grey and black zones.[158][159]

Government

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In 2021, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs introduced the first phase of MCA21 V3.0. It will allow for the electronic filing of documents under the corporate law and public access to corporate information. AI will be utilized by the platform to gather, organize, and classify stakeholder comments and inputs and produce analytical reports that will facilitate speedy policy choices.[160]

Society

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Wadhwani AI, a $30 million nonprofit research institute, was established in 2018 by Romesh Wadhwani and Sunil Wadhwani with the goal of enhancing the lives of the world's poorest 2 billion people. New York University, the University of Southern California, India Institutes of Technology, and University of Mumbai will collaborate with the institute. The objective is to have solutions that show how AI can help the underprivileged, and then to build on those initial instances. Wadhwani AI will support universities from developing nations in expanding their AI capabilities.[161]

AI companies of India

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The following is a list of notable AI companies of India, along with their corporate headquarters location.

Name Headquarters AI field Founded year
Fractal Analytics New York City, United States Data analytics 2000 in Mumbai[162]
Glance Bangalore Social media 2019
Haptik Mumbai, India Chatbot, intelligence assistant 2013 in Mumbai[163]
Infibeam Avenues Ltd (Phronetic.ai) GIFT City, Gandhinagar, India Fraud detection and authentication and risk identification in financial & commerce sector 2010[164]
kFin Technologies Hyderabad Insurance 2017
Niki.ai Bengaluru, India Chatbots 2015
Persistent Systems Pune Data analytics 1990
Tata Technologies Pune, India AI/ML-based manufacturing R&D[165] 1989
Uniphore Software Systems Palo Alto, United States Conversational automation 2008 in Chennai, India
Yellow.ai San Mateo, United States Messenger 2016 in Bangalore, India
Zoho Corporation Chennai General AI 1996 in Chennai, India

Safety and regulation

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In order to determine whether to create an AI Safety Institute (AISI) that can establish standards, frameworks, and guidelines for AI development without serving as a regulatory body or stifling innovation, MeitY conducted consultation process with Meta Platforms, Google, Microsoft, IBM, OpenAI, NASSCOM, Broadband India Forum, Software Alliance, Indian Institutes of Technology, The Quantum Hub, Digital Empowerment Foundation, and Access Now on 7 October 2024. It was decided that instead of focusing on regulation, the AISI would focus on damage detection, risk identification, and standards setting for which interoperable systems are necessary to prevent the development of silos which may eventually influence future policies. The secure and trusted AI pillar of the INDIAai Mission has been allocated ₹20 crore, which the AISI may use for the inaugural budget. More money from the IndiaAI Mission's other verticals may be used in the future.[166][167]

See also

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References

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