North Truro Air Force Station

North Truro Air Force Station
North Truro Air Force Station
Part of Air Defense Command (ADC)
North Truro, Massachusetts
	The station from the south
	North Truro AFS Location of North Truro AFS, Massachusetts
Coordinates	42°01′53.38″N 70°03′11.84″W / 42.0314944°N 70.0532889°W
Type	Long Range Radar Site
Code	ADC ID: P-10 NORAD ID: Z-10 (NTAFS)
Site information
Owner	National Park Service
Controlled by	United States Air Force
Open to; the public	Partially
Site history
Built	1951
Built by	United States Air Force
In use	1951–1994
Garrison information
Garrison	North Truro, Massachusetts
Occupants	762d Radar Squadron, 6th Space Warning Squadron

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North Truro Air Force Station (AFS) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 2.2 mi (3.5 km) east of North Truro, Massachusetts.

Most of the site was inactivated by 1994 and turned over to the National Park Service, the radar site remainder becoming a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) VHF omnidirectional range/Tactical air navigation system (VORTAC) (Navaid: LFV)^[1] and radar site, part of the Joint Surveillance System (JSS), designated by NORAD as Eastern Air Defense Sector (EADS) Ground Equipment Facility J-53.

The former North Truro AFS is the site of a radar station and several abandoned buildings including barracks, a library, a bar, a bowling alley and a family housing area located to the south. NTAFS has been redeveloped into The Highland Center.^[2] It is also the site of the Jenny Lind Tower.^[3]

History

North Truro AFS was one of the first of twenty-four stations of the permanent Air Defense Command (ADC) radar network. On 2 December 1948, the Air Force directed the Army Corps of Engineers to proceed with construction of this and twenty-three other sites around the periphery of the United States.

The 762d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&W Sq) began operations^[4] with a pair of World War II Air Transportable Search and Detection AN/CPS-3 radars at North Truro in 1951 and assumed radar coverage previously covered by a temporary Lashup Radar Network site at Otis Air Force Base (L-5), and initially the station functioned as a Ground-Control Intercept (GCI) and warning station. As a GCI station, the squadron's role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit's radar scopes. In 1955 these units were joined by an AN/FPS-8 model. Eventually converted to an AN/GPS-3, this radar left service in 1960. In 1956 a GE CPS-6B search radar was the main search radar.^{[citation needed]}

North Truro AFS was the operational parent station for Texas Tower 2 (TT-2) offshore in the Atlantic Ocean from May 1956-15 January 1963. TT-2 was operated as an annex of the 762d AC&W Sq, its offshore personnel assigned to a flight of the 762d, although the facility was logistically supported by the 4604th Support Squadron (Texas Towers) at Otis AFB.

The years 1958 and 1959 saw the arrival of AN/FPS-6 and 6A height-finder radars. During 1958 North Truro AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-02 at Stewart AFB, New York. After joining, the squadron was redesignated as the 762d Radar Squadron (SAGE) on 15 December 1958.^[4] The radar squadron provided information 24/7 the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range, direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile.

In 1960 the 762d started operating an AN/FPS-7 radar. In 1963 the height-finder radars were replaced by AN/FPS-26A and AN/FPS-90 sets. In 1966, after the installation of a Burroughs AN/GSA-51 computer system, North Truro AFS became the first ADC installation configured as a Backup Interceptor Control (BUIC) BUIC II site.^[5] BUIC II radar sites were capable of incorporating data feeds from other radar sectors directly onto their radar screens.^[5] In 1968, North Truro also became the first radar station to be designated a BUIC III installation.^[5] These sites hosted the more capable Burroughs D825 digital computer and could support operations at eleven control consoles. During the early 1970s two BUIC sites were designated to serve as backup to each of the remaining six SAGE centers.^[6]

The 762nd Radar Sq was inactivated and replaced by the 762d Air Defense Group in March 1970.^[4]^[7] The upgrade to group status was done because of North Truro AFS' status as a Backup Interceptor Control (BUIC) site. It utilized BUIC III equipment (Burroughs D828 Computer system) for command and control of air defense aircraft in the event that the SAGE Direction Center at Hancock Field, NY was inoperable. The unit commander and in times of Level IV operations, overall air defense commander for the NORAD region, was Col. Alva D. Henehan (1969–71?). The group was inactivated and replaced by the 762nd Radar Squadron again in 1974 as BUIC sites were being removed from service^[4]^[7] and defenses against crewed bombers were reduced.^[6] The group was disbanded in 1984.^[8]

In addition to the main facility, NTAFS operated three unstaffed AN/FPS-14 Gap Filler sites:

Fort Dearborn was the former Rye AFS, which had closed in 1957. Westboro closed in June 1962, the others in June 1968.

Over the years, the equipment at the station was upgraded or modified to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the information gathered by the radars. Routine operations continued and in 1979 the site came under Tactical Air Command jurisdiction as a result of the inactivation of Aerospace Defense Command and the site became part of ADTAC. By 1985 AN/FPS-107 had been replaced by an AN/FPS-91A search set operated by the FAA. The AN/FPS-116 was removed c. 1988

Operation Have Horn

In 1969 North Truro Air Force Station was the location of Operation Have Horn, the launching of sounding rockets under project Nike Hydac. On completion of the operation in 1970, the used devices and equipment were returned to the White Sands Missile Range.^[9]

Closure

After the end of the Cold War, in 1994, the Air Force closed down operations at North Truro. Most of the land was transferred to the National Park Service. In the late 1990s, an ARSR-4 replaced the AN/FPS-91A, when it joined the Joint Surveillance System (JSS).

Several of the facilities have fallen into disrepair while some are in the process of renovation. The Gap Filler at Westboro is intact and has what appears to be a water tower and several radio broadcasting towers. The other two Gap Filler sites have been obliterated and redeveloped. The former Texas Tower No. 2 (TT-2) troposcatter communications site, just south of the housing area, is also accessible on foot. All that remain of the tropo facility are the building foundation (a concrete pad with a few floor tiles) and three-each concrete footings for the three tropo dish antennas. At the main site, the fence around the former cantonment and technical areas has a gate on the ocean-facing side. All of the original USAF radar towers are gone. The only radar tower now is the ARSR-4. The buildings are each in various conditions, however all are in derelict condition with the exception of the few buildings that are being repaired. The homes in the family housing area are falling apart and some have been vandalized. A few buildings had been torn down, including the station chapel. The National Seashore intends to remove most of the remaining buildings as soon as funds are available. The former GATR site located approximately 1.2 miles southeast of the base at Longnook Beach has been demolished, and all of the radio poles have been removed. The site is now home to an FAA NAVAID station.

Redevelopment

NTAFS itself was given to the Cape Cod National Seashore and is now being redeveloped into the Highlands Center. This project includes the building of a performing arts center, and other facilities to meet the needs of the National Park Service as well as the community. It is also home to an FAA long-range radar site.

From 2012 to 2013, the former station was home to a Department of Energy study by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility along with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory on air particles over the region.^[10]

Units and assignments

Units

Constituted as the 762d Aircraft Control & Warning Squadron on 14 November 1950

Activated on 27 November 1950

Redesignated 762d Radar Squadron (SAGE) on 15 December 1958

Inactivated on 1 March 1970

Redesignated 762nd Radar Squadron on 1 January 1974

Activated on 17 January 1974

Inactivated on 1 July 1984^[4]

Constituted as the 762d Air Defense Group on 13 February 1970

Activated on 1 March 1970

Inactivated on 1 January 1974^[7]

Disbanded on 27 September 1984^[8]

6th Space Warning Squadron (Detachment 1)

Organized 1977

Discontinued 1985

Assignments

762nd Squadron

540th Aircraft Control and Warning Group, 27 November 1950

32d Air Division, 6 February 1952

4704th Defense Wing, 16 February 1953

4622d Air Defense Wing, 18 October 1956

Boston Air Defense Sector, 8 January 1957

35th Air Division, 1 April 1966

21st Air Division, 19 November 1969 – 1 March 1970

21st Air Division 17 January 1974

24th Air Division 23 September 1983 – 1 July 1984^[4]

762nd Group

21st Air Division, 1 March 1970 – 17 January 1974^[7]

References

Citations

^ "LFV Navaid Detail".
^ NPS.GOV: Highlands Center at Cape Cod National Seashore
^ Cape Cod Travel :: Truro :: The Jenny Lind Tower
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Cornett & Johnson, p. 165
^ ^a ^b ^c Winkler, p. 44
^ ^a ^b Winkler & Webster, p. 89
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Cornett, & Johnson, p. 86
^ ^a ^b Department of the Air Force/MPM Letter 575q, 27 Sep 1984, Subject: Disbandment of Units
^ astronautix.com: North Truro Archived 9 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ Bragg, Mary Ann (20 February 2013). "Truro skies a harbinger for climate change". Cape Cod Times. Archived from the original on 23 February 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

Bibliography

This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

Cornett, Lloyd H; Johnson, Mildred W (1980). A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization, 1946–1980 (PDF). Peterson AFB, CO: Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center.
Winkler, David F.; Webster, Julie L (1997). Searching the skies: The legacy of the United States Cold War Defense Radar Program. Champaign, IL: US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories. LCCN 97020912.^{[dead link‍]}

Further reading

Leonard, Barry (2009). History of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense (PDF). Vol. I. 1945–1955. Fort McNair, DC: Center for Military History. ISBN 978-1-43792-131-1.
Leonard, Barry (2009). History of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense (PDF). Vol. II, 1955–1972. Fort McNair, DC: Center for Military History. ISBN 978-1-43792-131-1.
Redmond, Kent C.; Smith, Thomas M. (2000). From Whirlwind to MITRE: The R&D Story of The SAGE Air Defense Computer. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-18201-0.
Information for North Truro AFS, MA
USAFHRA History search, 762 Radar Squadron

External links

[1] "LFV Navaid Detail".

[2] NPS.GOV: Highlands Center at Cape Cod National Seashore

[3] Cape Cod Travel :: Truro :: The Jenny Lind Tower

[cj_165-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Cornett & Johnson, p. 165

[ww_44-5] Winkler, p. 44

[ww_89-6] Winkler & Webster, p. 89

[cj_86-7] Cornett, & Johnson, p. 86

[DAFMPM575q-8] Department of the Air Force/MPM Letter 575q, 27 Sep 1984, Subject: Disbandment of Units

[9] stronautix.com: North Truro Archived 9 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine

[Bragg-10] Bragg, Mary Ann (20 February 2013). "Truro skies a harbinger for climate change". Cape Cod Times. Archived from the original on 23 February 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

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