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743d Bombardment Squadron

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743d Bombardment Squadron
Dazzlin' Dutchess and the Ten Dukes of the 743d Squadron[a]
Active1943–1945; 1947–1949
Country United States
Branch United States Air Force
RoleHeavy bomber
EngagementsMediterranean Theater of Operations
DecorationsDistinguished Unit Citation
Insignia
743d Bombardment Squadron emblem (World War II)[1][b]

The 743d Bombardment Squadron was first activated in June 1943. After training in the United States with the Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers, the 743d deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, participating in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany. It earned two Distinguished Unit Citations for its combat operations. Following V-E Day, it remained in Italy without its flight echelon until inactivating in September 1945

The squadron was activated at Sheppard-Kell Municipal Airport, Texas in the reserve in 1947, but apparently was not fully manned or equipped before inactivating in June 1949, when reserve flying operations at Sheppard ended.

History

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World War II

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Training in the United States

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The 743d Bombardment Squadron was first activated at Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico on 1 June 1943, one of the four squadrons of the 455th Bombardment Group.[2][3] The initial cadre for the squadron was drawn from the 302d Bombardment Group. In July, a group cadre was given advanced tactical training by the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics at Orlando Army Air Base and Pinecastle Army Air Field, Florida. After organizing at Alamogordo, the squadron moved to Utah, where the ground echelon was stationed at Kearns Army Air Base, although flying operations were based at Salt Lake City Army Air Base.[4] After completing training at Langley Field, Virginia, the squadron departed the United States for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations in December 1943.[2] The air echelon began staging through Mitchel Field, New York to ferry their Liberators via the southern ferry route.[5] The ground echelon sailed on the SS Charles Brantley Aycock.[6]

Combat operations

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The air echelon of the squadron was delayed in Tunisia and was not entirely lodged at the squadron's combat station of San Giovanni Airfield, Italy until 1 February 1944, and the squadron flew its first mission later that month. The squadron was engaged primarily in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany, attacking targets like airfields, factories, oil refineries, harbors, marshalling yards in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia.[3]

On 2 April 1944, the squadron attacked a ball bearing plant at Steyr, Austria for which it earned a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC). The primary target, the Daimler-Pusch aircraft engine factory was obscured by clouds, so the unit attacked the nearby ball bearing plant although attacks by an estimated 75 twin engine fighters continued through the bomb run and heavy, accurate flak was encountered. The squadron claimed the destruction of nine of these fighters against the loss of two squadron Liberators.[7]

On 26 June 1944, the squadron encountered fighter opposition that was described as the strongest Fifteenth Air Force had encountered to date, and which destroyed several Liberators of the 455th Group, which was leading the 304th Bombardment Wing on the raid. The squadron pressed its attack on the oil refinery at Moosbierbaum, Austria, for which it received a second DUC. The squadron put nine bombers over the target, but was the only squadron of the group to bring all its planes home.[3][8]

The squadron provided air support to ground forces in Operation Shingle, the landings at Anzio, and the Battle of Monte Cassino in the spring of 1944. It knocked out coastal defenses to clear the way for Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France, in September. As Axis forces were withdrawing from the Balkan peninsula in the fall of 1944, the squadron bombed marshalling yards, troop concentrations and airfields to slow their retreat. It flew air interdiction missions to support Operation Grapeshot, the Spring 1945 offensive in Northern Italy.[3]

The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against rail yards at Linz, Austria.[9] Following the surrender of German forces in Italy, it flew some supply missions and transported personnel to ports and airfields for shipment back to the United States. Most of the air echelon returned to the United States, ferrying their aircraft in June. Many of the squadron's remaining personnel were transferred to other units in the 304th Bombardment Wing for shipment back to the United States, while the squadron remained in Italy, serving as a replacement depot. The last of the air echelon departed Italy in July and the squadron was inactivated on 9 September 1945.[2][10]

Air Force reserve

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The squadron was reactivated as a reserve unit under Air Defense Command (ADC) at Sheppard-Kell Municipal Airport, Texas in October 1947, although its parent 455th Group was located at Hensley Field, Texas. It was nominally a very heavy bomber unit, but the squadron does not appear to have been fully manned or equipped with tactical aircraft while a reserve unit.[11] In 1948 Continental Air Command assumed responsibility for managing reserve and Air National Guard units from ADC.[12] President Truman's reduced 1949 defense budget required reductions in the number of units in the Air Force.[13] As a result, the squadron was inactivated and reserve flying operations at Sheppard came to an end.[2][3][14]

Lineage

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  • Constituted as the 743d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 14 May 1943
Activated on 1 June 1943
Redesignated 743d Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 6 March 1944
Inactivated on 9 September 1945
  • Redesignated 743d Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 23 September 1947
Activated in the reserve on 15 October 1947
Inactivated on 27 June 1949[2]

Assignments

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  • 455th Bombardment Group, 1 Jun 1943 – September 1945
  • 455th Bombardment Group, 15 October 1947 – 27 June 1949[2]

Stations

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  • Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico, 1 June 1943
  • Kearns Army Air Base, Utah, 9 September 1943
  • Langley Field, Virginia, 5 October–13 December 1943
  • San Giovanni Airfield, Italy, 15 Jan 1944 – 9 September 1945
  • Sheppard-Kell Municipal Airport (later Sheppard Air Force Base), Texas, 15 October 1947 – 27 June 1949[2]

Aircraft

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  • Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943-1945[2]

Awards and campaigns

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Award streamer Award Dates Notes
Distinguished Unit Citation 2 April 1944 Steyr, Austria[2]
Distinguished Unit Citation 26 June 1944 Austria[2]
Campaign Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
Air Offensive, Europe 15 January 1944 – 5 June 1944 [2]
Air Combat, EAME Theater 15 January 1944 – 11 May 1945 [2]
Naples-Foggia 15 January 1944 – 21 January 1944 [2]
Anzio 22 January 1944 – 24 May 1944 [2]
Rome-Arno 22 January 1944 – 9 September 1944 [2]
Central Europe 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 [2]
Normandy 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 [2]
Northern France 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 [2]
Southern France 15 August 1944 – 14 September 1944 [2]
North Apennines 10 September 1944 – 4 April 1945 [2]
Rhineland 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 [2]
Po Valley 3 April 1945 – 8 May 1945 [2]

See also

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References

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Notes

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Explanatory notes
  1. ^ Aircraft is Consolidated B-24H-10-CF Liberator, serial 42-64500, Dazzlin' Dutchess and the Ten Dukes. Crashed in Bulgaria on 11 June 1944. Baugher, Joe (10 June 2023). "1942 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 14 June 2023. Missing Air Crew Report 5771. Picture taken 21 April 1944.
  2. ^ This emblem was apparently never approved. See Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 731 (no approved emblem as of 1963).
Citations
  1. ^ Watkins, pp. 100-101
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Maurer, Combat Units, p. 731
  3. ^ a b c d e Maurer, Combat Units, p. 330
  4. ^ Asch, et al., pp. 10-13
  5. ^ Asch, et al., p. 25
  6. ^ Asch, et al., p.32
  7. ^ Asch, et al., pp. 61-69
  8. ^ Asch, et al., pp. 82-85
  9. ^ Asch, et al., p. 156
  10. ^ Asch, et al., p. 161
  11. ^ See Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 731 (listing no aircraft for the period 1947-1949)
  12. ^ "Abstract, Mission Project Closeup, Continental Air Command". Air Force History Index. 27 December 1961. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  13. ^ Knaack, p. 25
  14. ^ Mueller,pp.542-544 (listing organizations at Sheppard).

Bibliography

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Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

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