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646th Bombardment Squadron

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646th Bombardment Squadron
646th Bombardment Squadron A-20 Havoc[a]
Active1943-1945
Country United States
Branch United States Air Force
RoleLight bomber
EngagementsEuropean Theater of Operations
DecorationsDistinguished Unit Citation
Insignia
646th Bombardment Squadron emblem[b][1]
Fuselage code[2]8U

The 646th Bombardment Squadron is a former United States Army Air Forces unit, activated during World War II. The squadron moved to the European Theater of Operations in the spring of 1944. It flew air support and air interdiction missions with Douglas A-20 Havoc bombers, first from England, then from Advanced Landing Grounds on the European continent. It received a Distinguished Unit Citation for missions flown against German targets during the Battle of the Bulge. In February 1945, the unit began converting to the Douglas A-26 Invader, but the war ended before it flew any combat missions with its new aircraft. It returned to the United States in the summer of 1945 and was inactivated at Myrtle Beach Army Air Field, South Carolina on 7 November 1945.

History

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The squadron was activated at Will Rogers Field on 1 July 1943 as one of the four original squadrons of the 410th Bombardment Group and equipped and trained with Douglas A-20 Havoc light bombers. It completed training and left the United States for the European Theater of Operations in March 1944.[1][3]

The squadron arrived at its first overseas station, RAF Birch in April 1944, but soon moved to RAF Gosfield. The squadron flew its first combat mission the following month. It helped to prepare for Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy, by assaulting coastal defenses, airfields, and V-1 flying bomb and V-2 rocket sites in France, and marshalling yards in France and Belgium. It supported the landings in June by bombing artillery positions and railway choke points. The unit assisted ground forces participating in Operation Cobra, the breakthrough at St Lo in July, and supported ground forces at Caen and Brest, France through September by attacking bridges, vehicles, fuel and ammunition dumps, and rail lines.[3]

The 646th moved to its first base in France in September, and from Coulommiers Airfield struck defended villages, railroad bridges and overpasses, marshalling yards, military camps, and communications centers to support the Allied assault on the Siegfried Line through the middle of December. In December, the unit participated in the Battle of the Bulge by striking marshalling yards, railheads, bridges, and vehicles in the battle area through January 1945. The squadron's bombing of targets in the Ardennes, when it made many attacks on German lines of communications, from 23 to 25 December 1944, earned it a Distinguished Unit Citation.[3]

The squadron began training in January 1945 for night missions, while continuing its daylight operations. It replaced its A-20G and A-20H aircraft with nose-mounted guns with black A-20J and A-20Ks with navigator positions for night operations. These operations were aided by Martin B-26 Marauder flare ships to illuminate the area, and Douglas A-26 Invaders to mark targets with special bombs that burned with various colors. Successful night missions were flown in February, but the swift advances of Allied forces and need for daytime support resulted in a return to daylight operations.[4]

The 646th continued to fly ground support and air interdiction missions, aiding the Allied drive across the Rhine and into Germany from February through April 1945. The squadron converted to the Douglas A-26 Invader in 1945, but did not fly combat missions with its new bomber. After V-E Day, the squadron left Europe in June 1945 and reassembled at Seymour Johnson Field, North Carolina in August. It was inactivated at Myrtle Beach Army Air Field in November 1945.[1][3]

Lineage

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  • Constituted as the 646th Bombardment Squadron (Light) on 16 June 1943
Activated on 1 July 1943
Redesignated 646th Bombardment Squadron, Light in 1944
Inactivated on 7 November 1945[1]

Assignments

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  • 410th Bombardment Group, 1 July 1943 – 7 November 1945[1]

Stations

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Aircraft

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  • Douglas A-20 Havoc, 1944–1945
  • Douglas A-26 Invader, 1945[1]

Awards and campaigns

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Award streamer Award Dates Notes
Distinguished Unit Citation 23 December 1944-25 December 1944 Germany[1]
Campaign Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
Air Offensive, Europe 4 April 1944–5 June 1944 [1]
Normandy 6 June 1944–24 July 1944 [1]
Northern France 25 July 1944–14 September 1944 [1]
Rhineland 15 September 1944–21 March 1945 [1]
Ardennes-Alsace 16 December 1944–25 January 1945 [1]
Central Europe 22 March 1944–21 May 1945 [1]

References

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Notes

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Explanatory notes
  1. ^ Aircraft is Douglas A-20J-15-DO, serial 43-21745, The Real McCoy, fuselage code 8U-S.
  2. ^ Approved 29 December 1943. Description: On a light grayed turquoise blue disc, thin border of the same [color] piped white, a caricatured Indian warrior proper, wearing light red trousers, yellow moccasins, red, yellow, and blue head band with one red and one yellow feather, hanging by the right arm from a large white cloud formation in chief, while holding a blue violet aerial bomb in the left hand; cloud formation supporting two aerial bombs, one red violet and one orange.
Citations
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 693
  2. ^ Rust, p. 211
  3. ^ a b c d Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 295-296
  4. ^ Rust, pp. 152-153
  5. ^ Station number in Anderson, p. 21.
  6. ^ Station number in Anderson, p. 22.
  7. ^ a b Station number in Johnson, p. 19.
  8. ^ Station number in Johnson, p. 20.

Bibliography

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Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

  • Anderson, Capt. Barry (1985). Army Air Forces Stations: A Guide to the Stations Where U.S. Army Air Forces Personnel Served in the United Kingdom During World War II (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  • Johnson, 1st Lt. David C. (1988). U.S. Army Air Forces Continental Airfields (ETO) D-Day to V-E Day (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  • Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
  • Rust, Kenn C. (1967). The 9th Air Force in World War II. Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers, Inc. LCCN 67-16454.
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