5th Mississippi Cavalry Regiment
| 5th Mississippi Cavalry Regiment | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1863–1865 |
| Country |  Confederate States |
| Allegiance |  Mississippi |
| Branch |  Confederate States Army |
| Type | Cavalry |
| Size | Regiment |
| Battles | American Civil War |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | James Z. George |
The 5th Mississippi Cavalry Regiment was a unit of the Confederate States Army formed in the late stages of the American Civil War. The 5th Mississippi Cavalry fought as part of Forrest's Cavalry Corps, taking part in numerous raids and skirmishes in Tennessee and North Mississippi. After being decimated by heavy losses, the 5th Mississippi was consolidated with other regiments a few months before the end of the war.
History
[edit]James Z. George, a brigadier general in the Mississippi State Troops and well-known state politician, organized the 5th Cavalry Regiment in the fall of 1863 after becoming frustrated at mismanagement of the State Troops during the Vicksburg Campaign.[1] George resigned his general's commission in the state forces, enlisted as a colonel in the regular Confederate Army, and began recruiting men for his new unit. The 5th Regiment had a reported strength of 350 troops in October, 1863, with many of the men drawn from State Troops cavalry units.[2][3] At this stage of the war, much of Mississippi had been overrun by Union forces. Large numbers of Confederate troops had been captured after the fall of Vicksburg in July, and the state capital at Jackson had been evacuated and burned the same month. Confederate military operations in Mississippi from late 1863 onward mostly focused on cavalry raids that could disrupt Union-controlled railroads bringing reinforcements and supplies to Federal forces elsewhere in the state.
The Regiment took part in the Second Battle of Collierville, joining troops led by General James Ronald Chalmers.[2] The raid on Collierville was an example of Confederate cavalry attacks against Union-held depots and garrisons that attempted to cut Federal supply lines. Col. George was captured during this battle and spent the rest of the war in a POW camp.[2] In February, 1864, the 5th took part in the Battle of Okolona, where Confederate cavalry led by General Nathan Bedford Forrest defeated a Union force that was attempting to link up with General William T. Sherman's forces at Meridian. Commanding officer of the 5th Cavalry, James A. Barksdale, was mortally wounded in this battle.[2]
In March and April 1864, the 5th Cavalry joined Forrest's raids into Kentucky and Tennessee, including the infamous Battle of Fort Pillow where Black Union troops were massacred after surrendering. Commanding officer of the 5th Cavalry, Lt. Col. Wiley M. Reed, was killed during a charge on Federal rifle pits at Fort Pillow.[4] The regiment fought in several skirmishes and battles with Union forces in North Mississippi during the remainder of 1864. Forrest's cavalry then joined General John Bell Hood's forces in Tennessee, taking part in the Battle of Franklin on November 30.[2]
After taking heavy losses, the 5th Regiment only had 32 men fit for service by March, 1865, and no serving field officers.[2] The remaining men of the 5th Cavalry were consolidated with other Mississippi regiments, and these units surrendered at the close of the war in the spring of 1865.
Commanders
[edit]Commanders of the 5th Mississippi Cavalry:[2]
- Col. James Z. George, captured at Collierville.
- Lt. Col. James A. Barksdale, killed at Okolona.
- Lt. Col. Wiley M. Reed, killed at Fort Pillow.
- Lt. Col. Nathaniel Wickliffe, resigned August 1864.
- Lt. Col. P.H. Echols
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Barnett, Tracey L. (2017). Maligned “Milish:” Mississippi Militiamen in the Civil War (Master's thesis). Hattiesburg, Miss.: University of Southern Mississippi. p. 110.
- ^ a b c d e f g Rowland, Dunbar. (1908). The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi, Volume 2. Mississippi Department of Archives and History. pp. 801–804.
- ^ "Letter from Lieutenant N. M. Crenshaw to Mississippi Governor Charles Clark; March 5, 1864". The Civil War and Reconstruction Governors of Mississippi. Mississippi State University. Retrieved December 30, 2024.
- ^ United States War Department (1895). The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Volume 32, Serial 57. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. p. 622.
