2025 in paleobotany
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This paleobotany list records new fossil plant taxa that were to be described during the year 2025, as well as notes other significant paleobotany discoveries and events which occurred during 2025.
Algae
[edit]Chlorophytes
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Schlagintweit, Xu & Zhang |
A member of Dasycladales belonging to the family Triploporellaceae. |
Phycological research
[edit]- A study on the reproduction of Eugonophyllum, based on fossils from the Carboniferous (Gzhelian) Maping Formation (Guizhou, China), is published by Wang et al. (2025).[2]
Non-vascular plants
[edit]Marchantiophyta
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mamontov, Feldberg, Schäfer-Verwimp & Gradstein in Feldberg et al. |
A liverwort, a species of Frullania. |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Paulsen et al. |
Eocene |
A liverwort belonging to the group Jungermanniales. The type species is H. pentadactylum. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Paulsen et al. |
Eocene |
Anglesea amber |
A liverwort, a species of Radula. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Feldberg, Gradstein, Schäfer-Verwimp & Mamontov in Feldberg et al. |
Miocene |
Mexican amber |
A liverwort belonging to the group Porellales and the family Lejeuneeae. |
Lycophytes
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
López-García, Schmidt & Regalado in López-García et al. |
A species of Selaginella. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Huang & Xue in Huang et al. |
Ferns and fern allies
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Li & Tian in Li et al. |
Middle Jurassic |
A member of the family Dicksoniaceae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Li in Li & Meng |
A member of the family Dennstaedtiaceae. |
Conifers
[edit]Pinaceae
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Song & Wu in Song et al. |
A pine. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Akkemik & Mantzouka |
Miocene |
A member of the family Pinaceae. |
Podocarpaceae
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Conceição et al. |
Gnetophyta
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Song & Wu in Li et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A species of Ephedra. |
Flowering plants
[edit]Monocots
[edit]Monocot research
[edit]- Khan et al. (2025) describe fossil material of palms with one metaxylem vessel in each fibrovascular bundle from the Maastrichtian-Danian Deccan Intertrappean Beds (India), and interpret the studied fossils as Cocos-type palms belonging to the subfamily Arecoideae that likely grew in a tropical rainforest.[13]
- Evidence from the study of phytoliths from the Giraffe locality (Northwest Territories, Canada), indicative of presence of palms close to the Arctic Circle over an extensive period of time during the Eocene (approximately 48 million years ago), is presented by Siver et al. (2025).[14]
Basal eudicots
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Kumar, Manchester & Khan |
A member of the family Menispermaceae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Carpenter & McLoughlin |
Paleogene |
A member of the family Proteaceae. The type species is P. araucoensis. |
Superasterids
[edit]Apiales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Pan et al. |
Miocene |
A species of Astropanax. |
Icacinales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Hung, Huang & Li in Hung et al. |
Miocene |
A species of Miquelia. |
Superrosids
[edit]Fabales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Zhao, Wang & Huang in Zhao et al. |
A species of Peltophorum. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Cao & Xie in Cao et al. |
Miocene |
A species of Pueraria. |
Superrosid research
[edit]- Hazra & Khan (2025) report the discovery of a diverse assemblage of legume fruits and leaflet remains from the Rajdanda Formation (India), interpreted as evidence of the presence of a warm and humid tropical environment during the Pliocene.[21]
- A study on the anatomy of wood of extant members of the genus Ficus and fossil wood with affinities to Ficus, and on its implications for determination of the organs preserved as fossil wood and their habits, is published by Monje Dussán, Pederneiras & Angyalossy (2025).[22]
Other angiosperms
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Zolina, Golovneva & Grabovskiy |
Late Cretaceous–Paleocene (Maastrichtian–Danian) |
Tanyurer Formation |
A flowering plant with similarities to members of the genus Menispermum. |
General angiosperm research
[edit]- A study on the timing of the evolution of the flowering plants is published by Ma et al. (2025), who recover the crown group of the flowering plants as likely originating in the Triassic.[24]
- Doughty et al. (2025) use a mechanistic model to study the relationship between seed size of flowering plants, their light environment and the size of animals in their environment, and predict a rapid increase of seed size during the Paleocene that eventually plateaued or declined, likely as a result of the appearance of large herbivores that opened the understory, reducing the competitive advantage of plants with large seeds.[25]
Other plants
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Jiang et al. |
Jurassic |
Fossil wood of a corystosperm. The type species is F. sinense. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Šimůnek & Haldovský |
Carboniferous (Bashkirian) |
A member of Callistophytales. The type species is N. scandens. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Correia & Góis-Marques |
A progymnosperm belonging to the group Noeggerathiales. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Wang & Wan in Wang et al. |
A cordaitalean. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Wang, Lei & Fu |
Permian (Asselian) |
Lower Shihhotse Formation |
A plant of uncertain affinities, with similarities to the flowering plants. The type species is Y. juvenilis. |
Other plant research
[edit]- Partial leaf representing the first record of a fossil Cycas from Australia is described from the Miocene Stuarts Creek site by Greenwood, Conran & West (2025).[31]
Palynology
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Nom. nov |
DeBenedetti et al. |
Late Cretaceous-Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian) |
Sparganiaceaepollenites annulatus Thakre et al. 2024 (junior homonym of S. annulatus De Benedetti, 2023). |
Fossil pollen; a replacement name for Sparganiaceaepollenites reticulatus Samant et al. (2022). |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
DeBenedetti et al. |
Miocene |
Fossil pollen; a replacement name for Sparganiaceaepollenites microreticulatus Grabowska & Ważyńska (2009). |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Strother et al. |
Ordovician (Hirnantian) |
Zygospores of a member of the family Zygnemataceae. The type species is S. divericata. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Strother et al. |
Ordovician (Hirnantian) |
Sarah Formation |
Zygospores of a member of the genus Zygnema. |
Palynological research
[edit]- Nhamutole et al. (2025) study the composition of palynological assemblages from the Permian (Lopingian) strata of the Maniamba Basin (Mozambique), reporting evidence of the presence of plants indicative of lowland fluvial setting.[34]
- Evidence from the study of palynofloral assemblages from the Germig Section (Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; Tibet, China), interpreted as indicative of a shift from floras dominated by seed ferns and conifers to floras dominated by cheirolepids during the Triassic-Jurassic transition, is presented by Li et al. (2025).[35]
- A study on palynofloral assemblages from the Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark (Spain), providing evidence of gradual shift from conifer-dominated floras to ones with increased presence of flowering plants through the Albian–Cenomanian, is published by Rodríguez-Barreiro et al. (2025).[36]
- Evidence from the study of palynomorph and palynofacies from the Bahariya Formation (Egypt), interpreted as indicative of warm and humid climate during the early-middle Cenomanian with a short episode of semi-arid to arid conditions during the late early Cenomanian, is presented by Abdelhalim et al. (2025).[37]
- Rull (2025) revises purported fossil pollen records of Pelliciera found outside the Neotropics, and argues that only a subset of Cenozoic pollen records from tropical West Africa can be confirmed as likely fossils of members of Pelliciera.[38]
- Evidence from the study of fossil pollen from the Dingqinghu Formation (China), indicative of presence of a mixed deciduous and coniferous forest in the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Oligocene-Miocene transition, is presented by Xie et al. (2025).[39]
General research
[edit]- Evidence from the study of fossil material from the South Taodonggou Section in the Turpan-Hami Basin (China), interpreted as indicative of presence of a refugium of land vegetation that preserved the stability of food chains during the Permian–Triassic extinction event and might have been one of the source regions for the diversification of terrestrial life in the aftermath of the extinction event, is presented by Peng et al. (2025).[40]
- Evidence of a staggered recovery of plant communities from the Sydney Basin (Australia) in the aftermath of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, indicative of the presence of a succession gymnosperm-dominated and lycophyte-dominated plant communities lasting until the early Middle Triassic, is presented by Amores et al. (2025).[41]
- Evidence of the presence of a plant community dominated by ferns belonging to the family Osmundaceae, similar to extant plant communities such as those from swamp settings from the Parana Forest in northeastern Argentina, is reported from the Jurassic La Matilde Formation (Argentina) by García Massini et al. (2025).[42]
- Silva et al. (2025) study the taphonomy of exceptionally preserved plant remains from the Upper Cretaceous Santa Marta Formation (Antarctica).[43]
- Evidence from the study of phytoliths from the Lunpola Basin of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, interpreted as indicative of presence mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest during the late Oligocene–Early Miocene, is presented by Zhang et al. (2025).[44]
- A study on the timing of the uplift of the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes, based on composition of fossil plant communities from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (China), is published by Lai et al. (2025).[45]
- A study on ancient DNA from sediment cores from lakes in Alaska and Siberia, providing evidence of plant extinctions associated with environmental changes during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, is published by Courtin et al. (2025).[46]
- El-Saadawi et al. (2025) present an annotated catalog of plant macrofossil remains from Egypt, including fossils ranging from Devonian to Quaternary.[47]
References
[edit]- ^ Schlagintweit, F.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, S. (2025). "Calcareous green algae (Dasycladales, Halimedaceae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the western Tarim Basin, NW China: Systematic palaeontology, microfacies, and palaeobiogeographic significance". Carnets Geol. 25 (4): 89–108. doi:10.2110/carnets.2025.2504.
- ^ Wang, J.-J.; Gong, E.-P.; Zhang, Y.-L.; Huang, W.-T.; Li, X.; Wang, L.-F.; Lai, G.-M.; Li, D.-P. (2025). "The role of algal reproduction in phylloid algal buildups: A case study in Pennsylvanian Phylloid algae in southern Guizhou, China". Journal of Palaeogeography. doi:10.1016/j.jop.2025.02.002.
- ^ a b Feldberg, K.; Kaasalainen, U.; Mamontov, Y. S.; Gradstein, S. R.; Schäfer-Verwimp, A.; Divakar, P. K.; Schmidt, A. R. (2025). "Extending the fossil record of Miocene neotropical epiphyte communities". Fossil Record. 28 (1): 79–102. doi:10.3897/fr.28.137758.
- ^ a b Paulsen, M.; Ohlsen, D.; Cantrill, D. J.; Stilwell, J. (2025). "Eocene liverwort and moss species preserved in Anglesea amber from Australia". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105330. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105330.
- ^ López-García, A. G.; Schmidt, A. R.; Serguera, M.; Regalado, L. (2025). "First record of Selaginella from Miocene amber". Fossil Record. 28 (1): 57–66. doi:10.3897/fr.28.e138310.
- ^ Huang, P.; Wang, J.-S.; Wang, Y.-L.; Liu, L.; Zhao, J.-Y.; Xue, J.-Z. (2025). "The smallest Zosterophyllum plant from the Lower Devonian of South China and the divergent life-history strategies in zosterophyllopsids". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 292 (2038). 20242337. doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.2337. PMC 11732410. PMID 39809313.
- ^ Li, F.-Y.; Tan, X.; Xiu, Y.-Y.; Liu, W.-T.; Chen, M.-Y.; Tian, N. (2025). "Study on macro- and sporemorphology of a new species of Coniopteris (Dicksoniaceae) from the Middle Jurassic of western Liaoning, Northeast China". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105312. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105312.
- ^ Li, C.X.; Meng, F.W. (2025). "A New Species of Krameropteris (Dennstaedtiaceae) from Mid-Cretaceous Myanmar Amber". Taxonomy. 5 (1). 3. doi:10.3390/taxonomy5010003.
- ^ Song, Z.-H.; Wang, Z.-E.; Cao, R.; Wang, Z.-S.; Wang, H.; Chen, G.-H.; Wu, J.-Y. (2025). "Fossil wood of Pinus from the Pliocene of western Yunnan, China and its palaeoclimatic implications". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 334. 105279. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105279.
- ^ Akkemik, Ü.; Mantzouka, D. (2025). "A review of the Early Miocene Pinuxylon species of Türkiye with a new species". Turkish Journal of Botany. 49 (1): 52–63. doi:10.55730/1300-008X.2841.
- ^ Conceição, D. M.; Esperança Júnior, M. G. F.; Gobo, W. V.; Iannuzzi, R.; Batista, M. E. P.; Nascimento Jr., D. R.; Silva Filho, W. F.; Horodysk, R. S.; Bamford, M. K.; Kunzmann, L. (2025). "Unique conifer assemblage from Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous deposits (NE Brazil) unveils the paleoclimate and paleobiogeography in the interior of equatorial Gondwana". Cretaceous Research. 106099. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106099.
- ^ Li, P.; Deng, M.; Hou, C.; Xing, Y. (2025). "A new Ephedra macrofossil from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, China and its evolutionary significance". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105314. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105314.
- ^ Khan, M. A.; Spicer, R. A.; Su, T.; Roy, K. (2025). "A tropical rainforest biome once existed in India at the K-Pg: Evidence from 'one-vessel' arecoid palms". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105316. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105316.
- ^ Siver, P. A.; Reyes, A. V.; Pisera, A.; Buryak, S.; Wolfe, A. P. (2025). "Palm phytoliths in subarctic Canada imply ice-free winters 48 million years ago during the late early Eocene". Annals of Botany. doi:10.1093/aob/mcaf021. PMID 39928565.
- ^ Kumar, S.; Manchester, S. R.; Khan, M. A. (2024). "Oldest menispermaceous endocarp fossil from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Central India and its biogeographic implications". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 334. 105249. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105249.
- ^ Carpenter, R. J.; McLoughlin, S. (2025). "A new leaf species of Proteaceae and other Gondwanan elements from the early Paleogene Lota–Coronel flora of south–central Chile". Australian Systematic Botany. doi:10.1071/SB24033.
- ^ Pan, A. D.; Jacobs, B. F.; Currano, E. D.; Gostel, M. R.; Lowry, P. P.; Plunkett, G. M.; Hoffmann, J.; Geier, C.; Grímsson, F. (2025). "Fossil Astropanax Seem. (Araliaceae) from the early Miocene (21.73 Mya) Mush Valley plant assemblages of Ethiopia". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boaf011.
- ^ Hung, N. B.; Huang, J.; Del Rio, C.; Hoa, N. T. M.; Truong, D. V.; Pha, P. D.; Su, T.; Li, S.-F. (2025). "First endocarp record of Miquelia (Icacinaceae) from the late Miocene of northern Vietnam and its phytogeographical and paleoecological implications". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105285. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105285.
- ^ Zhao, Y.-S.; Wang, T.-X.; Xiao, S.-M.; Li, S.-F.; Huang, J. (2025). "Fossil pods of tropical tree Peltophorum (Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae) from southwestern China". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105282. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105282.
- ^ Cao, Z.-D.; Xie, S.-P.; Liu, L.-M.; Li, X.-M.; Zhang, S.-H.; Zhang, Y.-H.; Yan, D.-F. (2025). "A moderate elevation and warm-humid climate of the Wulan Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau in the Middle Miocene indicated by Pueraria macrofossils". Journal of Palaeogeography. doi:10.1016/j.jop.2024.08.012.
- ^ Hazra, T.; Khan, M. A. (2025). "Late Neogene diversity of Fabaceae in the Chotanagpur Plateau, eastern India: palaeoecological implications". Earth History and Biodiversity. doi:10.1016/j.hisbio.2025.100020.
- ^ Monje Dussán, C.; Pederneiras, L. C.; Angyalossy, V. (2025). "Inferring the hemiepiphytic habit of Ficus (Moraceae) through wood anatomical characters in modern and fossil woods". Brazilian Journal of Botany. doi:10.1007/s40415-025-01067-6.
- ^ Zolina, A. A.; Golovneva, L. B.; Grabovskiy, A. A. (2025). "The morphological diversity and distribution of the genus Menispermites (Magnoliopsida) in the Cretaceous of Northern Asia". Palaeontologia Electronica. 28 (1). 28.1.a9. doi:10.26879/1441.
- ^ Ma, X.; Zhang, C.; Yang, L.; Hedges, S. B.; Zhong, B. (2025). "New insights on angiosperm crown age based on Bayesian node dating and skyline fossilized birth-death approaches". Nature Communications. 16. 2265. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-57687-9.
- ^ Doughty, C. E.; Wiebe, B. C.; Keany, J. M.; Gaillard, C.; Abraham, A. J.; Kristensen, J. A. (2025). "Ecosystem engineers alter the evolution of seed size by impacting fertility and the understory light environment". Palaeontology. 68 (1). e70002. doi:10.1111/pala.70002.
- ^ Jiang, Z.; Tian, N.; Wang, Y.; Li, F.; Pei, J.; Uhl, D.; Li, Y.; Wu, H.; Ning, Z.; Hao, R. (2025). "A new exceptionally preserved corystosperm wood from the Jurassic of East Asia". Science China Earth Sciences. 68 (3): 803–810. doi:10.1007/s11430-024-1480-6.
- ^ Šimůnek, Z.; Haldovský, J. (2025). "New callistophytalean species from the Duckmantian of the Kladno-Rakovník Basin, Czech Republic". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105283. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105283.
- ^ Correia, P.; Góis-Marques, C. A. (2025). "Palaeopteridium andrenelii sp. nov., a new noeggerathialean species from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Portugal with new insights on the Noeggerathiales". Geological Magazine. 162. e1. doi:10.1017/S0016756824000438.
- ^ Wang, K.; Jia, G.; Dong, L.; Wang, J.; Wang, S.; Wang, J.; Wan, M. (2025). "Shanxioxylon yangquanense sp. nov., a new Kasimovian cordaitalean axis from the Benxi Formation (Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous) of Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, North China". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105287. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105287.
- ^ Wang, X.; Lei, Y.; Fu, Q. (2025). "Yuzhoua juvenilis: Another Angiosperm Seen in the Early Permian?". Life. 15 (2). 286. doi:10.3390/life15020286. PMC 11856813.
- ^ Greenwood, D. R.; Conran, J. G.; West, C. K. (2025). "A Cycas L. (Cycadaceae) Leaf from the Miocene of Northern South Australia". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 186 (2): 114–126. doi:10.1086/733819.
- ^ a b DeBenedetti, F.; Zamaloa, M. C.; Gandolfo, M. A.; Cúneo, N. R.; Fensome, R. A.; Gravendyck, J. (2025). "Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on the fossil pollen genus Sparganiaceaepollenites Thiergart 1937". Palynology. doi:10.1080/01916122.2025.2463407.
- ^ a b Strother, P.; Vecoli, M.; Cesari, C.; Wellman, C. H. (2025). "A freshwater palynological assemblage from the Hirnantian of Saudi Arabia". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105322. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105322.
- ^ Nhamutole, N.; Bamford, M.; Souza, P. A.; Félix, C. M.; Carmo, D. A.; Zimba, A.; Bande, P. (2025). "New palynological data from Maniamba Basin, Mozambique (Karoo): Correlations and implications for Lopingian floristic ecosystem reconstruction". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105310. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105310.
- ^ Li, J.-H.; Peng, J.-G.; Slater, S. M.; Vajda, V. (2025). "Palynofloras across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest China". Palaeoworld. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200910.
- ^ Rodríguez-Barreiro, I.; Santos, A. A.; Villanueva-Amadoz, U.; Hernández, J. M.; McLoughlin, S.; Diez, J. B. (2025). "Angiosperm radiation, diversification, and vegetation shifts through the Albian–Cenomanian of the northern Iberian Peninsula: Palynological evidence from the Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark". Cretaceous Research. 106086. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106086.
- ^ Abdelhalim, L. A.; Mansour, A.; Tahoun, S. S.; Abdelrahman, K.; Wagreich, M. (2025). "Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic trends during the early-middle Cenomanian in northeastern Africa (Egypt): Insights from palynomorph and palynofacies analyses". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105297. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105297.
- ^ Rull, V. (2025). "A critical evaluation of fossil pollen records from the mangrove tree Pelliciera beyond the Neotropics: Biogeographical and evolutionary implications". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105299. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105299.
- ^ Xie, G.; Li, J.-F.; Yao, Y.-F.; Wang, S.-Q.; Sun, B.; Ferguson, D. K.; Li, C.-S.; Li, M.; Deng, T.; Wang, Y.-F. (2025). "Palynological evidence reveals vegetation succession in the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 63 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1111/jse.13168.
- ^ Peng, H.; Yang, W.; Wan, M.; Liu, J.; Liu, F. (2025). "Refugium amidst ruins: Unearthing the lost flora that escaped the end-Permian mass extinction". Science Advances. 11 (11). eads5614. doi:10.1126/sciadv.ads5614.
- ^ Amores, M.; Frank, T. D.; Fielding, C. R.; Hren, M. T.; Mays, C. (2025). "Age-controlled south polar floral trends show a staggered Early Triassic gymnosperm recovery following the end-Permian event". GSA Bulletin. doi:10.1130/B38017.1.
- ^ García Massini, J. L.; Nunes, G. C.; Yañez, A.; Escapa, I. H.; Guido, D. (2025). "Jurassic Osmundaceous Landscapes in Patagonia: Exploring the Concept of Ecological Stasis in the Deseado Massif, Argentina". Plants. 14 (2). 165. doi:10.3390/plants14020165. PMC 11768899.
- ^ Silva, E.; Iglesias, A.; Atkinson, B.; Smith, S. Y.; Olivero, E. B. (2025). "Exceptional preservation of plants in calcareous concretions from Santa Marta Formation (Late Cretaceous), James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula". Ameghiniana. doi:10.5710/AMGH.29.01.2025.3611.
- ^ Zhang, X.-W.; Liu, J.; Spicer, R. A.; Gao, Y.; Yao, X.-R.; Qin, X.-Y.; Zhou, Z.-K.; Su, T. (2025). "Vegetation history of the central Tibetan region during the late Oligocene–Early Miocene". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 63 (1): 39–52. doi:10.1111/jse.13152.
- ^ Lai, Y.-J.; Ye, J.-F.; Liu, B.; Liu, Y.; Lu, A.-M.; Wei, F.-W.; Chen, Z.-D. (2025). "Integrating fossil and extant plant communities to calibrate paleoelevation of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 63 (1): 25–38. doi:10.1111/jse.13172.
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