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2025 Portuguese legislative election

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2025 Portuguese legislative election
← 2024 18 May 2025
All 230 seats in the Assembly of the Republic
116 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered10,850,615[1] Increase 0.3%
 
EPP Summit, 6 March 2025, Brussels (54368985770).jpg
Pedro Nuno Santos, projecto da alta velocidade Lisboa-Porto-Vigo (2022-10-01), cropped.png
André Ventura VIVA 24.jpg
Leader Luís Montenegro Pedro Nuno Santos André Ventura
Party PSD PS CH
Alliance AD
Leader since 28 May 2022[a] 16 December 2023 9 April 2019
Leader's seat Aveiro[2][b] Aveiro Lisbon
Last election 80 seats, 28.8%[c] 78 seats, 28.0% 50 seats, 18.1%
Current seats 80 78 49
Seats needed Increase 36 Increase 38 Increase 67
 
Rui rocha agencia lusa 2024.png
Mariana Mortágua, legislativas 2024 (53527512817) (cropped).jpg
Paulo Raimundo (Agência Lusa 2023-10-18) (cropped).png
Leader Rui Rocha Mariana Mortágua Paulo Raimundo
Party IL BE PCP
Alliance CDU
Leader since 22 January 2023 28 May 2023 12 November 2022
Leader's seat Braga Lisbon Lisbon
Last election 8 seats, 4.9% 5 seats, 4.4% 4 seats, 3.2%[d]
Current seats 8 5 4
Seats needed Increase 108 Increase 111 Increase 112
 
Rui Tavares 2022.png
Inês_Sousa_Real.jpg
Leader Rui Tavares[e] Inês Sousa Real
Party LIVRE PAN
Leader since 12 May 2024 6 June 2021
Leader's seat Lisbon Lisbon
Last election 4 seats, 3.2% 1 seat, 2.0%
Current seats 4 1
Seats needed Increase 112 Increase 115
Portuguese electoral districts 2024 circles.svg
Incumbent Prime Minister

Luís Montenegro
PSD



A snap legislative election will take place in Portugal on 18 May 2025[4] to elect members of the Assembly of the Republic to the 17th Legislature. All 230 seats to the Assembly of the Republic will be at stake.

Following accusations and allegations of alleged conflicts of interest in relation to the Prime Minister's family business,[5] the incumbent government called a confidence vote, which it lost on 11 March 2025.[6] The President, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, then called an election for 18 May, making this the third legislative election in less than four years.[4]

Background

[edit]

The Democratic Alliance (AD), then composed by the Social Democratic Party (PSD), the CDS – People's Party (CDS–PP) and the People's Monarchist Party (PPM), and led by PSD leader Luís Montenegro, won the 2024 legislative election by a very narrow margin, winning almost 29 percent of the votes and 80 seats in the 230 seat Assembly of the Republic. The Socialist Party (PS), in power between 2015 and 2024 and led by Pedro Nuno Santos, elected in the aftermath of the resignation of then Prime Minister António Costa due to an investigation around alleged corruption involving the award of contracts for lithium and hydrogen businesses,[7] saw a significant decrease in support, winning only 28 percent of the vote and 78 seats. The populist and far-right party Chega (CH) surged in the elections, gathering 18 percent of the votes and 50 seats in Parliament, becoming kingmaker with the best result for a third party in decades.[8] The Liberal Initiative (IL) was able to hold on to its eight seats and gather five percent of the vote. The left-wing/far-left parties, the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and the Left Bloc (BE), achieved, again, disappointing results, with BE holding on to its five seats and four percent of the votes, while the Communists' alliance got its worst result ever with just three percent of the votes and four seats. LIVRE nearly surpassed PCP by gathering also three percent of the votes and four seats. People Animals Nature (PAN) was able to win just one seat.[9]

Eleven days after election day, on 21 March 2024, Luis Montenegro was asked by President of the Republic Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa to form a government, a minority one in this case.[10] The new government was sworn into office on 2 April 2024.[10]

2025 budget crisis

[edit]
See also: 2024 Portuguese legislative election § 2025 budget crisis

With the lack of a workable majority, the AD minority government was forced to negotiate with opposition parties to pass major legislation and this created problems regarding the prospects of a budget for 2025.[11] The Government decided to negotiate with the Socialist Party (PS),[12] however, the odds of a positive outcome from these negotiations were slim as the PS rejected the corporate tax cuts and the proposed "Youth IRS" scheme, which would provide an income tax rate cut for young people under the age of 35, and accused the government of not giving in.[13] President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa warned that a lack of a deal could lead to snap legislative elections,[14] and admitted he was putting pressure on both the major parties to reach a deal.[15]

On 3 October 2024, Luís Montenegro "dropped" several parts of his government's Youth IRS scheme and corporate tax cuts by bringing his new proposals closer to policies defended by the PS, calling it an "irrefutable proposal" for the Socialists.[16] Pedro Nuno Santos recognized the concessions made by the government, but pressed for more conditions on corporate tax cuts, mainly on their timing.[17] The Prime Minister rejected these last conditions made by the PS, but said he was "confident" in the budget being approved by Parliament.[18]

On 17 October 2024, the general-secretary of the PS, Pedro Nuno Santos, announced that the Socialist Party would abstain in the budget vote, thus ensuring the approval of the document with the sole votes of the AD coalition.[19] On 31 October, Parliament passed the budget in its first general reading by an 80–72 vote, with the 78 PS members abstaining. On the final vote, on 29 November 2024, the budget was confirmed by a 79–72 vote, with 77 PS members abstaining.[20]

Spinumviva case

[edit]

On 15 February 2025, Correio da Manhã newspaper published an investigation in which it was stated that Prime Minister Luís Montenegro's family had a business with real estate interests, called Spinumviva.[21] Montenegro confirmed the existence of the company, but denied any conflict of interest, saying he had sold his shares to his wife in 2022.[22] Chega criticized the lack of answers from Montenegro and presented a motion of no confidence. This was rejected by Parliament by 171 against to 49 in favour.[23] It was later revealed that Montenegro's sale of his shares to his wife was in fact invalid, as the law doesn't allow share sales between spouses, thus making Montenegro still an active shareholder of the company.[24] This raised further questions of possible conflicts of interest and Montenegro was strongly pressed to reveal the full list of clients of his business, but he refused to do this.[25]

Two weeks later, on 28 February, Expresso newspaper reported that Spinumviva has been receiving a monthly payment of 4,500 euros from one of their main clients, Solverde, a casino company, since 2021, which continued while Montenegro was Prime Minister.[26] In the aftermath of this report, Spinumviva also disclosed the full list of clients and the services provided.[27] Parties demanded more explanations from the Prime Minister, with Chega demanding his resignation.[28] On the same day, Montenegro announced an emergency cabinet meeting for March 1, to "analyze his personal and political situation".[29] He announced that the Government would request a motion of confidence if Parliament didn't "validate" the Government.[30] The PCP presented a motion of no confidence[31] but the Socialist Party (PS) positioned itself against such motion.[32] A few days later, the Public Prosecution Service announced that it had received an anonymous tip against Luís Montenegro and his company, adding only that it was examining the complaint,[33] while the Socialist Party also announced a Parliamentary inquiry committee to investigate the case.[34] On 5 March, the Communists' motion was rejected, 88 votes against to 14 in favour, with 126 abstentions,[35] but Luís Montenegro announced a vote of confidence,[36] which was scheduled for March 11.[37]

Fall of the government

[edit]
See also: 2024 Portuguese legislative election § Fall of the government
The results of the confidence vote:
  In favour
  Against
  Not present

On 11 March 2025, Luís Montenegro's government fell after losing a vote of confidence in Parliament, 137 against with just 87 in favour.[6] After the results of the motion were announced, President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa held meetings with party leaders on 12 March, and a Council of State meeting on 13 March.[38] On 13 March, Rebelo de Sousa called an election for 18 May 2025.[4]

Leadership changes and challenges

[edit]

Liberal Initiative

[edit]

On 8 April 2024, former 2021 Presidential candidate Tiago Mayan Gonçalves, announced a manifesto called "United by liberalism" and said he would be a candidate for the party's leadership, thus challenging incumbent leader Rui Rocha.[39] On 20 June 2024, Mayan Gonçalves officially launched his bid for the party's leadership.[40] A few months later, after it was revealed that he had forged signatures during his time as Parish President of Aldoar, Foz do Douro e Nevogilde, he dropped out from the leadership race.[41] A leadership convention was scheduled for 1 and 2 February 2025,[42] with party leader Rui Rocha running for another term.[43] After the withdrawal of Mayan Gonçalves, Rui Malheiro, a party councillor, announced his bid against Rocha.[44] On 2 February 2025, during the party's convention held in Loures with 1,545 registered members to vote,[45] Rocha was reelected with more than 73 percent of the votes:[46]

Ballot: 2 February 2025
Candidate Votes %
Rui Rocha 73.4
Rui Malheiro 26.6
Blank/Invalid ballots –
Turnout
Source:[46]

Date

[edit]

According to the Portuguese Constitution, an election must be called between 14 September and 14 October of the year that the legislature ends. The election is called by the President of Portugal but is not called at the request of the Prime Minister; however, the President must listen to all of the parties represented in Parliament and the election day must be announced at least 60 days before the election.[47] If an election is called during an ongoing legislature (dissolution of parliament) it must be held at least after 55 days. Election day is the same in all multi-seats constituencies, and should fall on a Sunday or national holiday. In normal circumstances, the next legislative election would, therefore, have taken place no later than 8 October 2028,[48] but it was called early for 18 May 2025.[4]

The President of Portugal has the power to dissolve the Assembly of the Republic by his/her own will. Unlike in other countries, the President can refuse to dissolve the parliament at the request of the Prime Minister or the Assembly of the Republic and all the parties represented in Parliament. If the Prime Minister resigns, the President can appoint a new Prime Minister after listening to all the parties represented in Parliament and then the government programme must be subject to discussion by the Assembly of the Republic, whose members of parliament may present a motion to reject the upcoming government, or dissolve Parliament and call new elections.

Electoral system

[edit]

The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected to four-year terms. In votes on the Government’s Programme or a motion of no confidence, only “no” votes are tallied and the measure is rejected—and the government forced out—only if at least 116 deputies vote “no,” so a government may remain in office without an absolute majority of “yes” votes: even if “no” votes outnumber “yes” votes, unless they hit 116 the programme carries and the government survives.[49]

The number of seats assigned to each constituency, a total of 22, depends on the district magnitude.[50] The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.[51]

The distribution of MPs by constituency for the 2025 legislative election is the following:[1]

Constituency Number of MPs Map
Lisbon 48
Porto 40
Braga and Setúbal 19
Aveiro 16
Leiria 10
Coimbra, Faro and Santarém 9
Viseu 8
Madeira 6
Azores, Viana do Castelo and Vila Real 5
Castelo Branco 4
Beja, Bragança, Évora and Guarda 3
Portalegre, Europe and Outside Europe 2

Parties

[edit]
For a more comprehensive list, see Party lists for the 2025 Portuguese legislative election.

Parties and/or coalitions that intend to run had until 7 April 2025 to file lists of candidates.[52] Unlike in 2024, the AD coalition will only be with the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and CDS – People's Party (CDS–PP), with the People's Monarchist Party (PPM) leaving the coalition.[53] The PPM will only run in coalition with PSD/CDS–PP in the Azores constituency.[54]

Parliamentary factions

[edit]

The table below lists the parties and/or coalitions represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 16th legislature (2024–2025) and that will run in the 2025 elections:

Name Ideology Political position Leader Lists 2024 result Seats at
dissolution 		Status
% Seats
AD PPD/PSD Social Democratic Party
Partido Social Democrata 		Liberal conservatism Centre-right Luís Montenegro 22
28.8%
[c]
78 / 230
78 / 230
 Governing coalition
CDS–PP CDS – People's Party
CDS – Partido Popular 		Christian democracy
Conservatism 		Centre-right
to right-wing 		Nuno Melo
2 / 230
2 / 230
PS Socialist Party
Partido Socialista 		Social democracy Centre-left Pedro Nuno Santos 22 28.0%
78 / 230
78 / 230
 Opposition
CH Enough!
Chega! 		National conservatism
Right-wing populism 		Right-wing
to far-right 		André Ventura 22 18.1%
50 / 230
49 / 230
IL Liberal Initiative
Iniciativa Liberal 		Classical liberalism
Right-libertarianism 		Centre-right
to right-wing 		Rui Rocha 22 4.9%
8 / 230
8 / 230
BE Left Bloc
Bloco de Esquerda 		Democratic socialism
Left-wing populism 		Left-wing
to far-left 		Mariana Mortágua 22 4.4%
5 / 230
5 / 230
CDU PCP Portuguese Communist Party
Partido Comunista Português 		Communism
Marxism–Leninism 		Left-wing
to far-left 		Paulo Raimundo 22 3.2%
[d]
4 / 230
4 / 230
L FREE
LIVRE 		Green politics
Pro-Europeanism 		Centre-left
to left-wing 		Rui Tavares 22 3.2%
4 / 230
4 / 230
PAN People Animals Nature
Pessoas-Animais-Natureza 		Animal welfare
Environmentalism 		Centre-left[f] Inês Sousa Real 21[g] 2.0%
1 / 230
1 / 230
Ind. Independent
Independente 		Miguel Arruda (left the Enough! caucus)[56]
1 / 230

Seat changes

[edit]

Non-represented parties

[edit]

The table below lists the parties and/or coalitions not represented in the Assembly of the Republic that also intend to run in the elections.[60] The Earth Party (MPT) signed a deal supporting the AD – PSD/CDS Coalition,[61] but will compete alone in Azores and Madeira.[62]

Name Ideology Political
position 		Leader Lists 2024 result Ref.
%
ADN National Democratic Alternative
Alternativa Democrática Nacional 		Traditionalism
Anti-establishment 		Far-right Joana Amaral Dias 22 1.6% [63]
RIR React, Include, Recycle
Reagir, Incluir, Reciclar, 		Humanism
Pacifism 		Syncretic Márcia Henriques 22 0.4% [64]
JPP Together for the People
Juntos pelo Povo 		Regionalism
Social liberalism 		Centre Élvio Sousa 10[h] 0.3% [65]
ND New Right
Nova Direita 		National conservatism
Economic liberalism 		Right-wing Ossanda Liber 11[i] 0.3% [66]
PCTP/MRPP Portuguese Workers' Communist Party
Partido Comunista dos Trabalhadores Portugueses 		Marxism-Leninism
Maoism 		Far-left Cidália Guerreiro 10[j] 0.2% [67]
VP Volt Portugal
Volt Portugal 		Social liberalism
European federalism 		Centre to
Centre-left 		Inês Bravo Figueiredo
Duarte Costa 		20[k] 0.2% [68]
E Rise Up
Ergue-te 		National conservatism
Anti-immigration 		Far-right Rui da Fonseca e Castro 22 0.1% [67]
MPT Earth Party
Partido da Terra 		Green conservatism Centre-right Ricardo Camacho[l]
Manuel Carreira[m] 		2[n] 0.1% [69]
[62]
PTP Portuguese Labour Party
Partido Trabalhista Português 		Democratic socialism
Social democracy 		Centre-left to
Left-wing 		Edgar Silva[l] 1[o] 0.0% [70]
NC We, the Citizens!
Nós, Cidadãos! 		Social liberalism
Pro-Europeanism 		Centre-right Joaquim Rocha Afonso [pt] 8[p] 0.0% [71]

PPM People's Monarchist Party
Partido Popular Monárquico 		Monarchism
Conservatism 		Right-wing Paulo Estêvão[q] 21[r] 0.0%
[c] 		[53]
[72]
PLS Liberal Social Party
Partido Liberal Social 		Liberalism
Social liberalism 		Centre to
Centre-right 		José Cardoso 5[s] — [73]

Campaign

[edit]

Issues

[edit]

The campaign is being dominated by several issues, from the Spinumviva case, mainly regarding ethics and transparency topics, to the Housing crisis, the state of the National Health Service and the increase in Defense spending.[74] Plus, just like in 2024, the issue of governability and stability after the elections is also being central, with the two main parties debating whether or not to allow the winner to form a minority government.[75][76][77] Voter fatigue and apathy is also a source of concern due to the sucession of elections and cases involving politicians.[78]

On 16 April 2025, in the middle of the pre-election campaign and a month before election day, the Public Prosecution Service announced that it was analyzing complaints against Pedro Nuno Santos, leader of the PS, in relation to his properties and the way he paid for them.[79] The PS leader rejected any irregularities and said he was not afraid of scrutiny.[80]

Party slogans of represented parties

[edit]
Party or alliance Original slogan English translation Refs
AD « Portugal não pode parar! » "Portugal cannot stop!" [81]
PS « Pronto para Portugal » "Ready for Portugal" [82]
CH « Salvar Portugal » "Save Portugal" [83]
IL « Acelerar Portugal » "Accelerate Portugal" [84]
BE « Mudar de vida » "Change your life" [85]
CDU « A tua vida importa, o teu voto conta » "Your life matters, your vote counts" [86]
L « A alternativa é ser LIVRE » "The alternative is to be FREE" [87]
PAN

Candidates' debates

[edit]

With parties represented in Parliament

[edit]

RTP1, SIC and TVI proposed a series of face to face debates, a total of 28, between the leaders of parties, or coalitions, represented in Parliament.[88] The AD coalition proposed that the debates between the coalition and Left Bloc (BE), LIVRE (L) and People-Animals-Nature (PAN) be represented by CDS leader Nuno Melo, instead of Luís Montenegro.[89] Parties criticized this position from AD, with LIVRE and BE refusing to debate Nuno Melo.[90][91] The two debates between all the leaders of the parties, or coalitions, represented in Parliament will be broadcast by RTP1 and by radio stations.[92]

2025 Portuguese legislative election debates
Date Time Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present[t]    S  Surrogate[u]    NI  Not invited   I  Invited    A  Absent invitee 
AD PS CH IL BE CDU L PAN Ref.
7 Apr 9PM TVI Sara Pinto P
Montenegro 		NI NI NI NI P
Raimundo 		NI NI [93]
[94]
10PM RTP3 Hugo Gilberto NI NI P
Ventura 		NI NI NI NI P
Real
8 Apr 9PM SIC Clara de Sousa NI P
Santos 		NI NI P
Mortágua 		NI NI NI [95]
[96]
10PM RTP3 Hugo Gilberto NI NI P
Ventura 		NI NI NI P
Tavares 		NI
9 Apr 6PM SIC Notícias Nelma Serpa
Pinto 		NI NI NI NI NI P
Raimundo 		P
Tavares 		NI [97]
10 Apr 9PM RTP1 Hugo Gilberto NI P
Santos 		NI P
Rocha 		NI NI NI NI [98]
[99]
10PM CNN Portugal João Póvoa
Marinheiro 		NI NI NI NI P
Mortágua 		NI NI P
Real
11 Apr 9PM TVI Sara Pinto P
Melo 		NI NI NI NI NI S
Lopes 		NI [100]
[101]
10PM SIC Notícias Nelma Serpa
Pinto 		NI NI NI P
Rocha 		NI P
Raimundo 		NI NI
12 Apr 9PM TVI Sara Pinto NI P
Santos 		NI NI NI NI NI P
Real 		[102]
[103]
10PM RTP3 Hugo Gilberto NI NI NI NI P
Mortágua 		P
Raimundo 		NI NI
13 Apr 9PM SIC Clara de Sousa P
Melo 		NI NI NI NI NI NI P
Real 		[104]
[105]
10PM CNN Portugal João Póvoa
Marinheiro 		NI NI NI P
Rocha 		NI NI P
Tavares 		NI
14 Apr 9PM RTP1 Hugo Gilberto P
Montenegro 		NI NI P
Rocha 		NI NI NI NI [106]
[107]
10PM SIC Notícias Nelma Serpa
Pinto 		NI NI NI NI P
Mortágua 		NI P
Tavares 		NI
15 Apr 9PM TVI Sara Pinto NI P
Santos 		P
Ventura 		NI NI NI NI NI [108]
[109]
10PM SIC Notícias Nelma Serpa
Pinto 		NI NI NI P
Rocha 		NI NI NI P
Real
16 Apr 9PM RTP1 Hugo Gilberto P
Melo 		NI NI NI S
Mortágua 		NI NI NI [110]
[111]
10PM CNN Portugal João Póvoa
Marinheiro 		NI NI P
Ventura 		NI NI P
Raimundo 		NI NI
17 Apr 9PM SIC Clara de Sousa NI P
Santos 		NI NI NI NI P
Tavares 		NI [112]
[113]
10PM RTP3 Hugo Gilberto NI NI P
Ventura 		P
Rocha 		NI NI NI NI
21 Apr 9PM RTP1 Hugo Gilberto NI P
Santos 		NI NI NI P
Raimundo 		NI NI [114]
[115]
10PM SIC Notícias Nelma Serpa
Pinto 		NI NI P
Ventura 		NI P
Mortágua 		NI NI NI
22 Apr 6PM RTP3 NI NI NI NI NI NI I
Tavares 		I
Real 		[116]
23 Apr 6PM CNN Portugal NI NI NI NI NI I
Raimundo 		NI I
Real 		[116]
24 Apr 9PM SIC I
Montenegro 		NI I
Ventura 		NI NI NI NI NI [116]
10PM CNN Portugal NI NI NI I
Rocha 		I
Mortágua 		NI NI NI
28 Apr 9PM RTP1
SIC
TVI 		I
Montenegro 		I
Santos 		NI NI NI NI NI NI [116]
5 May 9:30AM Antena 1
TSF
Renascença
Observador 		I
Montenegro 		I
Santos 		I
Ventura 		I
Rocha 		I
Mortágua 		I
Raimundo 		I
Tavares 		I
Real 		[92]
6 May 9PM RTP1 I
Montenegro 		I
Santos 		I
Ventura 		I
Rocha 		I
Mortágua 		I
Raimundo 		I
Tavares 		I
Real 		[116]

With parties not represented in Parliament

[edit]

Debates between leaders of the parties not represented in Parliament will also be broadcast by RTP1 and other networks.

2025 Portuguese legislative election debates
Date Time Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present[v]    S  Surrogate[w]    NI  Not invited   I  Invited    A  Absent invitee 
ADN RIR JPP ND PCTP VP E NC PPM PLS Ref.
28 Apr Porto Canal I
Dias 		NI NI NI I
Guerreiro 		I
Costa 		I
Castro 		NI NI NI [67]
8 May 9PM RTP1 I
Dias 		I
Henriques 		I
Sousa 		I
Liber 		I
Guerreiro 		I
Costa 		I
Castro 		I
Afonso 		I
Estevão 		I
Cardoso 		[116]

Opinion polling

[edit]
Main article: Opinion polling for the 2025 Portuguese legislative election
This section is an excerpt from Opinion polling for the 2025 Portuguese legislative election § Graphical summary.[edit]
Graph of the polling for the next Portuguese legislative election with 14 day average bar chart.
Graph of the polling for the next Portuguese legislative election with 14 day average bar chart.

Polling aggregations

[edit]
Polling aggregator Last update AD PS CH IL BE CDU L PAN Lead
PolitPro 20 Apr 2025 30.3 28.5 17.8 6.1 2.8 3.4 3.7 2.2 1.7
Politico 14 Apr 2025 31 28 17 5 2 3 2 2 3
Renascença 10 Apr 2025 30.9 28.3 17.2 4.5 2.7 3.0 2.3 1.5 2.6
Observador 9 Apr 2025 30.5 28.6 18.2 5.0 2.2 2.5 1.5 2.0 1.9
Marktest 9 Apr 2025 29.2 28.3 16.4 7.0 3.0 3.9 4.6 2.2 0.9
Europe Elects 6 Apr 2025 30 28 16 8 3 5 3 2 2
2024 legislative election 10 Mar 2024 28.8
80 		28.0
78 		18.1
50 		4.9
8 		4.4
5 		3.2
4 		3.2
4 		2.0
1 		0.8

Results

[edit]

National summary

[edit]
For detailed results by constituency, see Results breakdown of the 2025 Portuguese legislative election.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ As leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD).
  2. ^ In the 2024 election, Luís Montenegro was elected in the district of Lisbon.
  3. ^ a b c The Social Democratic Party (PPD/PSD), the CDS - People's Party (CDS-PP) and the People's Monarchist Party (PPM) contested the 2024 election in a coalition called Democratic Alliance (AD) and won a combined 28.8% of the vote and elected 80 MPs to parliament. 78 of the MPs elected in 2024 are from PPD/PSD, while CDS-PP elected 2. PPM did not elect any MPs.
  4. ^ a b The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and the Ecologist Party "The Greens" (PEV) contested the 2024 election in a coalition called Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU) and won a combined 3.2% of the vote and elected 4 MPs to parliament. The 4 MPs elected in 2024 are all from PCP. PEV elected zero.
  5. ^ LIVRE has no formal single leader; the party has a 15-member leadership committee of which Rui Tavares serves as spokesperson.[3]
  6. ^ Some sources state that People Animals Nature (PAN) is neither on the left nor the right.[55]
  7. ^ Except Viseu.
  8. ^ Lists in Braga, Coimbra, Faro, Lisbon, Porto, Setúbal, Azores, Madeira, Europe and Outside Europe.
  9. ^ Lists in Aveiro, Beja, Braga, Coimbra, Faro, Leiria, Lisbon, Porto, Setúbal, Viseu and Madeira.
  10. ^ Lists in Aveiro, Beja, Braga, Castelo Branco, Lisbon, Portalegre, Porto, Setúbal, Europe and Outside Europe.
  11. ^ Except Azores and Madeira.
  12. ^ a b Main candidate from Madeira.
  13. ^ Main candidate from Azores.
  14. ^ Only in Azores and Madeira.
  15. ^ Only in Madeira.
  16. ^ Lists in Aveiro, Évora, Guarda, Lisbon, Porto, Setúbal, Europe and Outside Europe.
  17. ^ As candidate for Prime Minister. Gonçalo da Câmara Pereira remained as party leader.
  18. ^ With PSD/CDS on the Azores
  19. ^ Lists in Lisbon, Porto, Setúbal, Europe and Outside Europe
  20. ^ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
  21. ^ Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.
  22. ^ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
  23. ^ Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Mapa Oficial n.º 1/2025" (PDF). CNE – Comissão Nacional de Eleições. 24 March 2025. Retrieved 24 March 2025.
  2. ^ "Estes são os 20 cabeças de lista do PSD às legislativas". Eco (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 26 March 2025. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
  3. ^ ""É uma noite triste para o Livre": Rui Tavares assume derrota, Paupério diz que "nada acaba aqui" e já olha para 2029". CNN Portugal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d Pinto, Salomé (13 March 2025). "É oficial. Marcelo marca eleições para 18 de maio". Eco (in Portuguese). Lisbon. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
  5. ^ "Portugal cabinet to study conflict of interest allegations against PM". Reuters. 28 February 2025. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
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