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2022 British Columbia New Democratic Party leadership election

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2022 British Columbia New Democratic Party leadership election
← 2014 October 21, 2022
 
Candidate David Eby
First ballot Acclaimed
Leader before election

John Horgan

 Elected Leader

David Eby

2022 British Columbia New Democratic Party leadership election
DateOctober 21, 2022
Resigning leaderJohn Horgan
Won byDavid Eby
Ballots0 (acclamation)
Candidates1
Entrance Fee$15,000
British Columbia New Democratic Party leadership conventions
1939 · 1953 · 1956 · 1961 · 1967 · 1969 · 1970 · 1984 · 1987 · 1996 · 2000 · 2003 · 2011 · 2014 · 2022

In 2022, the British Columbia New Democratic Party (NDP) held a leadership election to select a new leader. The contest was prompted by John Horgan's announcement in June 2022 that he would step down as leader of the party once a new leader had been chosen. As the NDP has formed the government of the province since 2017, newly elected leader David Eby was subsequently sworn in as premier of British Columbia.[1]

The convention was scheduled to take place in the fourth quarter of 2022. Two candidates were in the contest: David Eby and Anjali Appadurai. On October 20, 2022, Appadurai was disqualified after campaign violations.[2] As Eby was the sole remaining candidate in the contest, he was acclaimed leader on October 21.[3]

Rules and procedures

[edit]

On July 16, 2022, the NDP formally announced the leadership contest after the party's governing bodies ratified the rules. To run for leader, a candidate must submit their application to the party alongside a $15,000 entrance fee by October 4, 2022. To vote in the contest, one had to join the party before September 4, 2022. The voting period was scheduled to begin on November 13, 2022, and last until December 2, 2022, with the results being announced on December 3.[4][5]

Timeline

[edit]
  • June 28, 2022 – John Horgan announces his intention to resign as premier of British Columbia and leader of the NDP[1]
  • July 17 — Campaign period officially begins
  • September 4 — Deadline to sign up as a member for purposes of voting in the leadership race
  • October 4 — Deadline for potential candidates to enter the contest
  • October 19 — Deadline for candidates to meet all entry requirements
  • October 20 — Anjali Appadurai is disqualified, leaving David Eby as the sole candidate in the race.
  • October 21 — David Eby is acclaimed leader.

Campaign

[edit]

Speculation and announcements

[edit]

John Horgan had been leader since the party's 2014 leadership election and led the party through two provincial elections. Under his leadership, the NDP formed a minority government with the support of the Green Party at the 2017 election, the first time they had formed government since the 1996 election. He subsequently won a majority government in the 2020 election. On June 28, 2022, Horgan announced that he would be stepping down as premier, citing concerns regarding his health; he had recently recovered from cancer. Horgan had recently faced criticism for pushing forward a plan to redevelop the Royal BC Museum for $789 million, which had been reversed.[6]

Following Horgan's announcement, political commentators suggested that several cabinet ministers might be considering running for the leadership: David Eby, Ravi Kahlon, Selina Robinson, Katrina Chen, Nathan Cullen, Adrian Dix, Rob Fleming, Bowinn Ma, Josie Osborne and Jennifer Whiteside.[7][8][9] On July 6, Kahlon ruled himself out as a candidate and endorsed Eby.[10] Kahlon's endorsement came as a surprise, as he had been seen as Eby's strongest rival in the race; pundits suggested that the race was over before it even started.[11][12][13] On July 13, it was reported that Robinson was considering a run,[14] but on July 18, she announced that she would not run.[15] Chen, Dix, Fleming, Ma, Osborne and Whiteside all endorsed Eby, while Cullen also ruled himself out.[16] Eby formally announced his candidacy on July 19.[17][18]

Anjali Appadurai, a former candidate for the federal riding of Vancouver Granville, announced her candidacy on August 10.[19][20]

Campaign period

[edit]

Eby, previously the attorney general and housing minister, was widely seen as the frontrunner in the race.[18][16][21] Eby had turned down invitations to run for party leadership in 2014, instead serving as campaign manager for John Horgan's run.[16] 48 of the 57 members of the party caucus supported his candidacy.[20] Eby was seen as a moderate,[22] and as a "status-quo" candidate,[23] with his campaign focused on claims of providing availability for middle-class housing,[24] and a focus on remedying the homelessness crisis in larger cities such as Vancouver.[25] Eby proposed a tax on house flipping, a law on preventing stratas from excluding young families, and earmarking $500,000 in grants for non-profit organizations to purchase rental buildings and preventing housing displacement.[26] On a campaign stop in the Sunshine Coast, Eby claimed he would "dramatically [increase] the availability of both housing and healthcare workers" to address both affordability and healthcare concerns.[27]

Appadurai announced her candidacy after she and others expressed concerns that the race would be a "no-questions-asked coronation", stating that it was "not good for democracy".[28] Appadurai was best known for her speech at the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference during her time as a college student, which went viral.[28] Appadurai ran as a democratic socialist,[29][30] reframing how the provincial executive approaches decision making away from industry,[31] along with proposing a transition that put workers first.[28] Appadurai expressed her critique of the incumbent NDP government's failures on the issues of "climate, affordability, and on stopping ... wealth accumulation".[31] Appadurai claimed she would prioritize creating homes for homeless and vulnerable British Columbians, as well as ensuring residential buildings were equipped with sustainable cooling mechanisms.[26] On October 13, Appadurai's campaign released a set of promises, including increasing the pay of nurses by 25%, providing free mental health care for all British Columbians, removing the three-month wait period for immigrants and returnees to receive healthcare, and implementing a provincial safe supply program.[32][33][34] Several anonymous MLAs speaking to Global News expressed their frustrations with Appadurai, who they described as an "interloper" with "no role in [the NDP's] success".[35]

On August 23, it was reported by the Vancouver Sun that Eby expressed his "frustration" with Appadurai's entry into the race.[20][36] Eby commented that with Appadurai's entry, "it delays moving into the office by several months".[20] If Eby was acclaimed, the race would potentially end on October 3, but the results would be released on December 3 with her entry.[20] Following allegations of entitlement, Eby tweeted that he was "not dismissive of Anjali's campaign. Just the opposite — the race is healthier because she's put herself forward as a candidate and I take her campaign seriously."[20][36]

It was alleged by the Vancouver Sun and by Appadurai's supporters that, by the end of the September 4 deadline for membership signups, the Appadurai campaign had signed up 10,000 new members to Eby's 6,000 new members.[37][30][38][39]

Appadurai's disqualification

[edit]

On September 8, 2022, the NDP began investigating allegations that Appadurai's campaign was violating BC's Election Act.[40] Atiya Jaffar, a colleague of Appadurai's, was seen offering to pay for the $10 membership fee for individuals who were unable to afford to join the NDP during an Instagram Live event to rally supporters to join before the deadline.[41][42][37] According to the Election Act, individuals are prohibited from paying for another's membership of a political party.[41] The NDP was additionally investigating whether members of the Green Party were actively participating in the campaign, which is forbidden under both parties' constitutions, which prohibit members from being in two parties at once.[41] Appadurai stated that Jaffar misspoke and that the video in question had been removed.[43][41]

It was reported on September 16 that Appadurai's campaign was under investigation by both Elections BC and the NDP for potential violations under the Election Act.[44][40] The investigation centred on whether Dogwood BC, a non-profit group that aims to increase the power of British Columbians over government decision-making, improperly contributed to Appadurai's campaign; the organization was accused of donating to Appadurai's campaign as well as using its resources in order to aid her campaign to sign up new members.[40][29] Under the Election Act, only "eligible individuals" are able to provide political contributions, while organizations are barred from making any political contributions.[42][37]

One complaint brought forward pertained to the "solicitation of fraudulent sign-ups of members from other parties", including claims that Dogwood BC told supporters to pause their previous party memberships in order to join the NDP to vote for Appadurai and re-join their original party following the race.[43] Another issue under investigation were emails sent in support of Appadurai by a supporter and released by Jas Johal that told Green Party members to quit the party so that they could vote for Appadurai, and in the case that she lost, they could rejoin the Greens.[43][42][37] If Appadurai's campaign was found to have violated rules for leadership or the Election Act, sanctions, including disqualification, were possible.[43][37]

On October 7, CBC News reported that the Greens had turned down a request by the NDP for both parties to provide a neutral third party with the parties' membership lists in order to conduct an audit to determine whether any members had joined the NDP fraudulently.[45][46] The Greens cited the party's privacy policy.[47] The NDP released a statement expressing concerns that the Greens were "attempting a hostile takeover" of their party during its leadership election, reflecting poorly on the Greens and putting its registered party status at risk.[45][39][47] Appadurai was critical of NDP efforts to vet new members, stating her belief that the party's "establishment is acting out of fear right now" and that the rhetoric used regarding a "hostile takeover" was concerning.[48]

On October 19, a leaked report written by the NDP's chief electoral officer Elizabeth Cull concluded that the Appadurai campaign had improperly coordinated with third parties to sign up new members to the party. The report stated "no other remedy can adequately address the failings and breaches of the Appadurai Campaign" and recommended that her candidacy be disqualified.[49][29] The conclusion was made on the grounds that individuals joined the party "fraudulently" and that the campaign violated the Election Act's limits on campaign spending.[23] The report stated that, due to the participation of third parties in the campaign, it was "impossible to create a level playing field at this point, and impossible to restore the Leadership Election Campaign to a state of integrity in which [Cull] could have confidence".[29] Cull's report centred on the participation of Dogwood BC and 350.org: that the two organizations were promoting membership sign-ups for the Appadurai campaign with paid social media ads, and that they had encouraged people "to fraudulently join the BC NDP despite being members or supporters of other political parties".[50] Cull described the NDP membership list as being "tainted by fraudulent signups"; a spot check revealed 25.3 percent of new members were ineligible due to their prior support of or membership in another party, and another 2.5 percent of members were ineligible because of unpaid membership fees.[50] The report detailed connections between Appadurai's campaign staff and members of Dogwood BC, which contradicted claims that the two campaigns were separate.[50] Cull concluded that "aware of, accepted, relied upon, and took into account the membership drive activities of Dogwood in relation to its own campaign activities and strategies regarding the membership drive".[50] The report also noted that despite Appadurai saying that she welcomed the audit and other measures to ensure the integrity of the leadership race, she was making "directly contradictory statements to the media".[50]

In response to the leaked report, the Appadurai campaign launched a petition entitled "Let Her Run".[49] Several members of the federal New Democratic Party expressed their criticism at the decision in Cull's report to disqualify Appadurai's candidacy, including Niki Ashton,[51] Leah Gazan,[52] Matthew Green,[53] Lori Idlout, and Bonita Zarrillo.[54] Former NDP MLAs Joan Sawicki,[47] Harry Lali,[55][56] and Tom Perry expressed their desire for the race to continue.[47] Ontario MPP Joel Harden[57] and former MPP Cheri DiNovo[58] expressed their support for Appadurai's continued candidacy in the race.

On the evening of October 19, the NDP provincial executive voted to disqualify Appadurai's candidacy.[59] With Appadurai disqualified, it meant that Eby would be acclaimed the leader of the NDP and become the premier-designate of British Columbia.[60][59][49] In a press conference on October 20, Appadurai stated that she would stay in the NDP despite her disqualification and implored supporters to "fight from the inside" in order to "reshape" the party.[61] Eby was officially declared leader on October 21.[3]

Candidates

[edit]

Confirmed

[edit]

David Eby

[edit]

Attorney General of British Columbia (2017–2022) and MLA for Vancouver-Point Grey.[17]

Endorsements of David Eby (43)

Disqualified

[edit]

Anjali Appadurai

[edit]

Former NDP candidate for Vancouver Granville during the 2021 Canadian federal election.[19]

Endorsements of Anjali Appadurai (13)

Failed to qualify

[edit]

Cherry Smiley

[edit]

Researcher, women's rights advocate, and member of the Lower Nicola Indian Band.[107]

Declined

[edit]

Opinion polls

[edit]
Support for Leadership candidates among NDP supporters
Polling firm Dates conducted Source Eby Appadurai Other Margin of error Sample size Polling method Lead
Research Co. October 7–11, 2022 [117][118] 42% 11%
  • No difference: 20%
  • Not sure: 26%
 ±3.5% 800 Online 31%
Leger July 22–24, 2022 [119] 44% –
  • Don't know: 50%
  • Other: 6%
 ±3.1% 1,000 Online 38%

References

[edit]
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  51. ^ @nikiashton (October 19, 2022). "As a New Democrat, I'm very disappointed that New Democrats in BC are not going to have the choice they deserve. #LetHerRun" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  52. ^ @LeahGazan (October 20, 2022). "Members must be able to choose who leads their party. Let the members vote and #LetHerRun" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  53. ^ @MatthewGreenNDP (October 19, 2022). "This is some bullshit right here. #LetHerRun" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  54. ^ @BonitaZarrillo (October 20, 2022). "#LetHerRun" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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  57. ^ @JoelHardenONDP (October 20, 2022). "What's clearly paramount @mdgardiner1 are exec's in the fossil fuel industry — no end to their greed. We will challenge their hostile takeover of our party through consultants/lobbyists. Our moral compass still works. Believe what you want, but this is not over. #LetHerRun" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  58. ^ @CheriDiNovo (October 19, 2022). "Avi, as always, is right #LetHerRun @AnjaliApp shame on the #BCNDP" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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  64. ^ @JM_Whiteside (July 20, 2022). "@Dave_Eby will lead our party and our government with strength & empathy, + nourish the solidarity we have built across our movement. He has a proven track record in solving tough issues. I've seen how hard he works, and I know he truly cares about people. #bcpoli" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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  66. ^ @MitziDeanBC (July 18, 2022). "BC NDP Leadership 2022. @Dave_Eby I encourage you to run. It's been an honour and pleasure working alongside you. @bcpoli" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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  73. ^ @RachnaSinghNDP (July 20, 2022). "I am so excited to support @Dave_eby as the leader of BC NDP. I've worked alongside him as the parliamentary secretary for anti-racism. David is principled, kind and knows how to get stuff done. He has been such a strong ally in my work. Text EBY to 90993 to get involved #bcpoli" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  74. ^ @NikiSharma2 (August 8, 2022). "MLAs from across B.C. are building #TeamEby momentum. Everyday, I hear the trust that BCNDP members have in his ability to deliver on tough things. I will be working hard to get him elected. Join us here: https://davideby.ca" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  75. ^ @RonnaRaeLeonard (July 20, 2022). "Proud to support David, along with so many of our fellow MLAs, to be our next Premier of BC" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  76. ^ @AndrewMercierBC (July 20, 2022). "Very excited my friend @Dave_Eby is running for the leadership of the @bcndp. Great to see so many friends and colleagues out to support his campaign. Dave will be a great Premier! #bcpoli" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  77. ^ @KellyRichmondBC (July 20, 2022). "We're here supporting @Dave_Eby for leader of the #BCNDP! I've been impressed with David's ethical and courageous leadership and I'm glad to support him! Visit: https://davideby.ca to get involved" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  78. ^ @DACoulter (July 18, 2022). "Ever since John Horgan announced that he'd be stepping down as Leader of the BC NDP, folks have been asking me who'd I support. That's easy! I'll support David Eby if he runs. Dave is someone with integrity, principles and an incredible work ethic. #bcpoli" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  79. ^ @BobDEithMRM (July 6, 2022). "Our @BCNDPCaucus has been working incredibly hard during difficult times for the people of BC. While there are a number of great members who could become leader, I believe that @Dave_Eby is the person to lead us into the next election. I encourage him to run for @bcndp leader" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  80. ^ @AdamWalkerBC (August 7, 2022). "So many thoughtful questions, stories, and laughs, and of course great to spend time with BC's next premier. Thanks to everyone who was able to attend and connect, it's so nice to be back together again" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  81. ^ Verster, Liam (August 2, 2022). "MLA Sandhu throws support behind Eby for B.C. NDP leader". www.vernonmatters.ca. Archived from the original on August 2, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  82. ^ @AmanSinghNDP (July 20, 2022). "Super excited and grateful that my friend @Dave_Eby will be running for the BCNDP leadership. When I think of David, integrity, empathy and competence are the words that come to my mind" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  83. ^ @JinnySims (August 16, 2022). "You will do an awesome job as Premier" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  84. ^ @HenryYaoMLA (July 9, 2022). "I whole-heartedly agree with Minister @KahlonRav & Parliamentary Secretary @BobDEithMRM that Minister @Dave_Eby has the potential to be a phenomenal leader. I'll be taking time today to give Minister Eby a call and encourage him to consider joining the leadership race. 3/3" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  85. ^ @DonDavies (July 20, 2022). "I'm so glad to see David Eby announce his bid for BCNDP leader. From his days as a crusading lawyer for the disadvantaged to deft handling of tough Ministries, his intelligence, integrity, compassion and drive for justice will make him an inspiring leader and a great Premier!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  86. ^ a b c d e f g @RobShawBC (September 29, 2022). "I .@Dave_Eby says he's picked up the endorsement of 7 mayors in BC, in the wake of releasing his housing plan. That includes the mayors of Vancouver and Victoria (for now, anyway). Full list:" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  87. ^ "CUPE BC Endorses Dave Eby to become the next leader of the BC NDP, premier". September 1, 2022. Archived from the original on September 5, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  88. ^ "Electing our next Premier". August 22, 2022. Archived from the original on September 5, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  89. ^ @MoveUPTogether (October 4, 2022). "MoveUP has endorsed David Eby to become the next leader of the BC NDP. David Eby has inspired us with his vision just as his past work has shown his commitment to protect people and our planet. Read more: https://moveuptogether.ca/the-latest/moveup-endorses-david-eby-for-leader-of-the-bc-ndp/" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  90. ^ @davidebybc (September 9, 2022). "It has been an honour to learn from and partner with Grand Chief Stewart Phillip over the past two decades. I am grateful to have his support, and I look forward to continuing our work together". Retrieved September 9, 2022 – via Instagram.
  91. ^ @davidebybc (September 5, 2022). "Thanks for the endorsement @charles_demers!". Retrieved September 5, 2022 – via Instagram.
  92. ^ @JoelHardenONDP (October 12, 2022). "Who stops change? Not just fossil fuel CO's and their lobbyists. We are our own worst enemy when amazing folks like @AnjaliApp are stifled. Friends in the #BCNDP: push back! We are with you. Challenge the NDP consultant class. Their cynicism will destroy us. #Organize #bcpoli" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  93. ^ @BonitaZarrillo (August 16, 2022). "Sometimes in this job I find myself in moments of inspiration and hope...we all need that...last night was one of those nights.@AnjaliApp steps up to run for leader of @bcndp" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  94. ^ @nikiashton (October 17, 2022). "Anjali Appadurai's campaign is building a movement that is grassroots, progressive and full of hope. It's the kind of movement that we as New Democrats believe in. @AnjaliApp is giving New Democrats in BC a choice - a choice they deserve to have" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  95. ^ @Harold_Steves (August 11, 2022). "I think I just endorsed someone. As a Dave Barrett ecosocialist it's been heartbreaking to watch the @BCNDP descend into corporate liberalism over the decades. Anjali gives me hope. I had great hopes for Dimitri Lascaris winning the Green Party leadership. Something has to give" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  96. ^ Hui, Vikki (October 20, 2022). "Disqualification of BC NDP leadership would leave 'black mark': Harold Steves". Richmond News. Archived from the original on October 21, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  97. ^ @LDupont4Poco (August 16, 2022). "#AnjaliforBC has some very thoughtful policy ideas and the kind of energy that gives me hope" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  98. ^ Appadurai, Anjali [@AnjaliApp] (August 30, 2022). "Join us for a picnic in the park with Ben Isitt and Anjali in Victoria tomorrow. The location is being finalized so be sure to RSVP to get notified as soon as it's decided. Please share with your friends!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  99. ^ "BC NDP leadership candidate, Victoria councillor to hold event in Esquimalt". CHEK. August 31, 2022. Archived from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
  100. ^ @SvendJRobinson (September 4, 2022). "David, we must indeed address "the challenges our province is facing" as you say. You are silent on the greatest challenge of all, the climate emergency. Not a word on the environment. Nothing. I'm with Anjali. For our children. For our planet" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  101. ^ @AviLewis (August 16, 2022). "Excited to be with a crowd of brilliant organizers like @GeorgeRadner at the campaign launch for @AnjaliApp!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  102. ^ Smith, Charlie (September 3, 2022). "There's only one choice for the climate in the B.C. NDP leadership race: Anjali Appadurai". The Georgia Straight. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2022. This week, famed environmentalist David Suzuki urged people to take out a membership in the B.C. NDP and vote for her in the leadership race.
  103. ^ @NaomiAKlein (September 4, 2022). "Hello #BritishColumbia: @AnjaliApp is a transformational climate champion. Tonight is the last chance to sign up to the BC NDP to have a voice in the leadership race. If you haven't already, now's your chance to sign up to the campaign and to the BC NDP" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  104. ^ "BC NDP leadership race". Archived from the original on September 5, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  105. ^ "Let's make a Climate Champion the next premier of BC". August 20, 2022. Archived from the original on September 5, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  106. ^ "Help pick the next premier of BC". August 27, 2022. Archived from the original on September 5, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  107. ^ "Cherry Smiley | For Leader of the BC NDP". Archived from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
  108. ^ Balzer, Jess (July 6, 2022). "Burnaby-Lougheed MLA Katrina Chen says she would support David Eby for BC NDP leadership". Burnaby Now. Archived from the original on July 14, 2022. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  109. ^ Nathan Cullen [@nathancullen] (July 12, 2022). "My letter announcing that I will not be entering the leadership race to become the next leader of the BC NDP and Premier of British Columbia. Thank you to all who reached out with advice, encouragement and caring. Your support & insights I value more than you can know" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  110. ^ a b McElroy, Justin (June 28, 2022). "John Horgan's 'mainstream' approach a big part of his legacy as he announces retirement". CBC News. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  111. ^ a b c DeRosa, Katie (July 18, 2022). "Two more cabinet ministers rule out a run for B.C. NDP leader, solidifying Eby's position as front-runner". Victoria Times Colonist. Archived from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  112. ^ Chan, Cheryl (July 6, 2022). "Ravi Kahlon says he won't seek B.C. NDP leadership". Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on July 6, 2022. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
  113. ^ Bowinn Ma [@BowinnMa] (July 14, 2022). "I've been speaking with @Dave_Eby. He's a person of great integrity and someone that I've respected and admired since before I was elected. I've made my priorities clear to Dave and believe that he can lead our province into a thriving future. I'd support him if he runs. (3/3)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  114. ^ Melanie Mark [@melaniejmark] (July 8, 2022). "I want to thank everyone who took time to write, call, or text to encourage me to seek the leadership of the @bcndp. After serious consideration, and discussion with my daughters I've decided that I will not be a candidate in the upcoming leadership process" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  115. ^ McElroy, Justin (August 10, 2022). "Why Port Coquitlam Mayor Brad West will likely have an easy re-election campaign in October". CBC News. Archived from the original on August 10, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  116. ^ Jennifer Whiteside [@JM_Whiteside] (July 20, 2022). "⁦@Dave_Eby⁩ will lead our party and our government with strength & empathy, + nourish the solidarity we have built across our movement. He has a proven track record in solving tough issues. I've seen how hard he works, and I know he truly cares about people. #bcpoli" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  117. ^ Canseco, Mario (October 18, 2022). "British Columbians Ponder Future Effect of BC NDP Leadership Race". Research Co. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
  118. ^ "Poll conducted by Research Co. on Politics in British Columbia" (PDF). October 18, 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 17, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
  119. ^ "NDP Leader and B.C. Premier Succession" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 4, 2022. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
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