COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam
| COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam | |
|---|---|
   .png) Clockwise from top:
| |
| Disease | COVID-19 |
| Virus strain | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Location | Vietnam |
| First outbreak | Wuhan, Hubei, China |
| Index case | Ho Chi Minh City |
| Arrival date | 23 January 2020 (4 years, 10 months, 3 weeks and 5 days) |
| Confirmed cases | 11,624,000[1] |
| Recovered | 11,580,908 (updated 8 December 2023) [2] |
Deaths | 43,206[1] |
| Fatality rate | 0.37% |
| Vaccinations | |
| Government website | |
| covid19 ncov (in Vietnamese) | |
The COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam has resulted in 11,624,000[1] confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 43,206[1] deaths. The number of confirmed cases is the highest total in Southeast Asia, and the 13th highest in the world. Hanoi is the most affected locale with 1,649,654 confirmed cases and 1,238 deaths, followed by Ho Chi Minh City with 628,736 cases and 20,476 deaths; however, the Vietnamese Ministry of Health has estimated that the real number of cases may be four to five times higher.[3][4][5]
On 31 December 2019, China announced the discovery of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan. The news of a "strange pneumonia" in China had been circulating on Vietnamese media since the beginning of January 2020.[6] The virus was first confirmed to have spread to Vietnam on 23 January 2020, when two Chinese people in Ho Chi Minh City tested positive for the virus.[7][8] Early cases were primarily imported until local transmission began to develop in February and March. Clusters of cases were later detected in Vĩnh Phúc,[9] Hải Dương, and three other major cities, with the first death on 31 July 2020.[10]
During 2020, the Vietnamese government's efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19 were mostly successful.[11] The country pursued a zero-COVID strategy, using contact tracing, mass testing, quarantining, and lockdowns to aggressively suppress transmission of the virus. Vietnam suspended the entry of all foreigners from 22 March 2020 until 17 November 2021[12] to limit the spread of the virus.[13] The measure did not apply to diplomats, officials, foreign investors, experts, and skilled workers. In January 2021, the government announced a stricter quarantine policy to "protect the country"[citation needed] during the 2021 Tết Nguyên Đán. Individuals entering Vietnam had to isolate for at least 14 days if they were unvaccinated, or seven days if they had been fully vaccinated, and were contained in government-funded quarantine facilities.[14] Specially designated individuals such as diplomats were exempt.[15][16][17]
Vietnam experienced its largest outbreak beginning in April 2021, with over 1.2 million infections recorded by that November.[18] This led to two of its largest cities, Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, and around a third of the country's population coming under some form of lockdown by late July.[19] A shortage of the AstraZeneca vaccine supply in the country,[20] along with some degree of complacency after successes in previous outbreaks, as well as infections originating from foreign workers, were considered to have contributed to the outbreak. In response, government-mandated quarantine for foreign arrivals and close contacts to confirmed cases were extended to 21 days, and accompanying safety measures were also increased.[17] The emergence of the Omicron variant brought about a rapid rise in infections in early 2022, although drastically fewer deaths were reported due to high vaccination rates in the country.[21] Infection rates dropped and stabilised throughout 2022 and 2023, leading to the end of COVID-19's classification as a severe transmissible disease in June 2023.[22]
Although the pandemic has heavily disrupted the country's economy,[23] Vietnam's GDP growth rate has remained one of the highest in Asia-Pacific, at 2.91% in 2020. Due to the more severe impact of the outbreak in 2021, Vietnam's GDP grew at a slower rate, at 2.58%.[24]
Vaccinations commenced on 8 March 2021[25] with a total of 200,179,247 administered vaccination doses reported by 12 March 2022.[3][26] The Vietnamese Ministry of Health has approved the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine, the Sputnik V vaccine, the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine, the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine, the Moderna vaccine, the Janssen vaccine, and the Abdala vaccine.[27] Vietnam also approved Covaxin from Bharat Biotech.[28][29] As of 13 March 2022, a total of 221,807,484 doses have arrived in Vietnam.[3]
Background
[edit]Novel infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, are a significant public health threat.[30] Although human coronaviruses (CoVs) were known as major pathogens which caused respiratory illnesses,[31][32] a new strain of coronavirus known as SARS-CoV caused an outbreak in 29 countries from 2002 to 2004. The outbreak, which infected 8,098 people and caused 774 deaths,[32] Evidence showed that the virus may have originated from an animal coronavirus that found its way into the human population.[32][33][34] indicated that animal coronaviruses could be dangerous to humans.[32]
Although it is still unknown exactly where COVID-19 began, many early cases have been attributed to visitors to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, Hubei, China.[35] The earliest known symptomatic person was later discovered to have become ill on 1 December 2019, but that person was apparently unconnected to the later wet-market cluster;[36] an earlier case possibly occurred on 17 November.[37][38][39] China reported the cluster on 31 December 2019,[40] and the World Health Organization (WHO) issued its first report on the outbreak on 5 January 2020.[41] A week later, the WHO confirmed that a novel coronavirus caused a cluster of respiratory illness reported earlier in Wuhan.[42][43] On 20 January, the WHO and China confirmed that human-to-human transmission had occurred.[44] WHO declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January, saying that its Wuhan investigation was finished and citing mounting evidence that the novel coronavirus had spread to 18 countries.[45]
Vietnam has a history of managing pandemics; it was the second country (after China) to address the 2002–04 SARS outbreak and, after 63 cases and five deaths, was the first country to be declared SARS-free by the WHO. Since that outbreak, Vietnam had increased investment in its public-health infrastructure, developed a national public health emergency operations center and a national public health surveillance system, and maintained systems to collect public data. Since 2016, hospitals are required to report notifiable diseases to a central database within 24 hours so the Ministry of Health can track epidemiological developments nationwide. In collaboration with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Vietnam implemented an "event-based" surveillance program in 2018 which enables the public to report public-health issues. Officials can identify clusters of people with similar symptoms, which might indicate an outbreak.[11]
With a population of nearly 100 million and millions of visitors from China, the country's largest trading partner, annually,[46][47][48][49] Vietnam was initially perceived as likely to be hard-hit by the pandemic. When the country recorded its first two cases on 23 January 2020, it was among the first countries affected by COVID-19.[50] Two weeks later, only 150 cases had been reported outside mainland China; ten were in Vietnam, however, making it one of the top-ten affected countries. By early 2021, Vietnam was one of the countries with the lowest case count and mortality per million inhabitants.[51]
Epidemiology
[edit]| Wave | Time | No. of cases | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sum | Domestic | Death | |||
1
|
23 January – 24 July 2020
|
415
|
106
|
0
|
The first cases discovered in Ho Chi Minh City were two people from Wuhan (China). The disease then spread in 13 other localities. |
2
|
25 July 2020 – 27 January 2021
|
1,136
|
554
|
35
|
The epicenter was in Da Nang, with the source of infection purported to be from Hospital C in the city. |
3
|
28 January – 26 April 2021
|
1,301
|
910
|
0
|
This outbreak started in Hải Dương from a person who was found positive after entering Japan, and the true source of the infection is unknown. The epicenter was in Hải Dương; this local outbreak accounted for nearly 80% of the total number of cases. |
4
|
27 April 2021 – ongoing
Last official number at 31 October 2023 |
11,621,262
|
11,616,174
|
43,171
|
Numerous outbreaks were discovered in all localities. This surge occurred due to the more transmissible Delta and Omicron variants, and a change in COVID-19 response strategies.[53][54][55][56] |
Timeline
[edit]
First cases
[edit]The first two confirmed cases in Vietnam, a Chinese man born in 1954 and his son, were admitted to Cho Ray Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City on 22 January 2020. The son was believed to have contracted the virus from his father (who flew from Wuhan on 13 January) when they met in Nha Trang on 17 January.[8][57][58] The first cluster appeared in Son Loi Commune, Bình Xuyên District, Vĩnh Phúc, after several workers returned from a Wuhan training trip and infected people in close contact with them.[9] The Vietnamese government locked down the district until 4 March to prevent further spread, the first large-scale lockdown outside China.[59] Identifying cases early gave Vietnam some success in combating the virus. The first 16 cases were a cross-section of the population (infants, the elderly, and people with underlying conditions), which the country's medical system used as "an exercise" to prepare for the new virus.[60]
March 2020 – 2021: sporadic outbreaks and strict measures
[edit]As the pandemic began to spread worldwide, COVID-19 cases in Vietnam also surged. On the evening of 6 March, the Hanoi Department of Health confirmed the capital's first case: a 26-year-old woman who had travelled to Europe, the country's 17th recorded case.[61] During the afternoon of 20 March, the Ministry of Health reported two new COVID-19 patients (Vietnam's 86th and 87th): two female nurses at Bạch Mai Hospital with no history of contact with COVID-19 patients.[62] In March and April 2020, the number of cases increased rapidly due to the large number of people coming from European countries and the appearance of clusters which included Bạch Mai Hospital, Ha Loi Commune in Hanoi, and the Buddha Bar in Ho Chi Minh City.[63][64][65]
On 21 March 2020, Vietnam suspended entry for all foreigners effective the following midnight, and introduced a mandatory fourteen-day quarantine for all incoming Vietnamese citizens.[66] The country imposed a fifteen-day nationwide lockdown on 1 April,[67] when former Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc announced that COVID-19 had spread throughout Vietnam.[68] The drastic epidemic-control measures had positive results, and the country did not confirm any cases of local transmission from mid-April to the end of July.[69] Vietnam began loosening restrictions in May, again permitting domestic travel.[11]
The country entered its second wave of infection when the Ministry of Health announced the 416th case in Da Nang – the first case with an unknown source in 99 days.[70][71] On 28 July, Da Nang authorities locked down the city for 15 days.[72] Hundreds of cases across the country connected to the Da Nang outbreak were detected,[73] and the first death was recorded on 31 July.[10][74][75] After two months Vietnam contained the disease for the second time and resumed almost all economic activity, including international commercial flights.[76][77] Sporadic community infections continued in November and December, alarming the public and requiring increased measures.[78][79]
The third wave of infection began on 28 January 2021, when Vietnam reported 84 community-transmission cases in one day in the provinces of Hải Dương and Quảng Ninh. Most were linked to a Hai Duong migrant worker who was diagnosed with the UK variant by Japanese authorities after arriving in Osaka on 17 January.[80] To limit the outbreak's economic impact, the government initially quarantined areas directly related to the infected people; after two weeks, however, the increasing number of cases showed no sign of slowing. Hai Duong was locked down for 15 days on 15 February, and Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City halted all entertainment activities.[81][82] This was one of the most serious outbreaks, due to a slow tracing process, mismanagement of quarantine facilities, and disobedience of lockdown rules in the face of enduring restrictions.[83][84] On 7 March 2021, the situation in the northern provinces appeared to have been brought largely under control as the number of new cases fell to single digits. Vietnam began its COVID-19 vaccination campaign the following day.[85][86]
April 2021 – present: Severe outbreak and endemic stage
[edit]
Since the end of April 2021, Vietnam experienced "a fast-spreading outbreak" of over 700,000 cases. Clusters were found in Bac Giang province industrial parks and at least ten major hospitals throughout the country.[87][88] According to the WHO, Vietnam has built over 30 field hospitals with 1,500 ICU beds and 30,000 non-ICU beds. When total cases reached several thousand per day, the government locked down Southern Vietnam and Hanoi.[89][90] On 26 July 2021, for the first time in Vietnam's disease prevention history, Ho Chi Minh City imposed a daily 6:00 pm curfew; no one could leave the city, and only emergency services were permitted to operate.[91][92] The National Assembly authorised the central government on 28 July to implement local emergency measures to curb the pandemic.[93] On 20 August, Nguyễn Thành Phong was dismissed by the Politburo as chair of the People's Committee of Ho Chi Minh City.[94] The government also moved 10,000 troops into the city to enforce the lockdown and deliver food.[95][96][97] A main cause of the outbreak was a four-day holiday for Reunification Day and International Workers' Day, during which many vacation destinations were packed with travelers.[98][99][100][101] DNA sequencing indicated that the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant dominated this wave, particularly in central and southern Vietnam.[102]
On 29 August 2021, Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính stated that Vietnam might have to live with the virus and could not rely on indefinite closures and quarantines. This marked a major change in the country's approach to COVID-19,[103][104][105] forcing Vietnam to accelerate its vaccination campaign to control the pandemic.[106] The number of new cases began to fall to several thousand per day in mid-September, and restrictions were eased.[107] Vietnam recorded its first case of the Omicron variant in December, leading to a significant new wave of infections going into the first months of 2022, with the highest 7-day average of 217,164 cases recorded on 13 March.[108] However, due to the country's widespread vaccination coverage, deaths remained low in proportion to the number of confirmed cases.[21]
In March 2022, Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính declared COVID-19 to be "endemic" and considered ending daily reporting of new cases.[109] An article in Bloomberg noted that Vietnam has a high level of vaccination and has seen a dramatic drop in COVID-19 related deaths.[110] However, in August, the Ministry of Health issued a recommendation to not declare COVID-19 endemic, and to instead shift the country's response from "prevention" to "stable management".[111]
In June 2023, Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính stated that COVID-19 no longer constituted a severe transmissible disease, leaving the jurisdiction of future COVID-19 prevention and classification to the Ministry of Health.[112] The National Steering Committee for COVID-19 Prevention and Control was dissolved on 29 October 2023, after three years working to contain the pandemic. Two days later, the Vietnam Ministry of Health published their last COVID-19 daily report.[113]
Variants
[edit]The COVID-19 strain which entered Vietnam in the second wave had a mutation which increased its infection rate, leading to a higher number of cases than the first wave. The basic reproduction number (R0) in the second wave was 5 to 6; in April, it was 1.8 to 2.2. The rate of people testing positive for COVID-19 who had had indirect contact with COVID-19 patients was higher than in the previous wave. Minister of Health Nguyễn Thanh Long said that the new strain may have begun to spread in early July 2020. Da Nang had experienced four waves of infection by that month.[114][115] The health ministry sent experts to Da Nang to help the city contain the infection and quickly identify its source, submitting the new strain's data to a world gene bank for comparison. On 4 August, the ministry confirmed the dominant second-wave strain as D614G (the dominant global variant).[116] A study published by Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico said that patients infected by that mutation have a heavier viral load and are more likely to infect others.[117][118][119] Vietnam has recorded ten COVID-19 strains: the original Wuhan strain and the Alpha, A.23.1 (from Rwanda), Beta, B.1.222, B.1.619, Delta, D614G, Epsilon and Omicron variants.[120][121][122][123]
Reinfection and recurrence
[edit]
Many COVID-19 patients in Vietnam have reported positive tests after they were considered to have recovered from the disease. This has also occurred in other countries, such as the United States, South Korea, and China. South Korea's Central Clinical Committee for Emerging Disease Control head Oh Myoung-don rejected the possibility of reinfection, saying that patients probably tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 because "the testing kit collected RNA from dead virus fragments, [which] may remain in the body for months".[124][125] Vietnam Minister of Health Nguyen Thanh Long agreed, saying that a patient may not have fully recovered; the virus might still exist in the body, particularly in lung cells.[126]
The Ministry of Health reduced home quarantine in April 2021 to seven days because it did not record community infections from relapses. The previous mandatory quarantine on immigrants was 14 days in isolation and 14 days at home.[127] In July, after 400 reported relapses, the ministry did not record any cases of community spread and rescinded quarantine rules for relapsed patients and their communities.[128][129]
Medical response
[edit]Vietnam, Taiwan and South Korea were cited by global media as having some of the world's best-organized epidemic control programs.[130][131][132][133] This success has been attributed to several factors, including a well-developed public health system, a decisive central government, and a proactive containment strategy based on testing, tracing, and quarantining.[11] Vietnam's response to the outbreak has received broad international praise for its speed, effectiveness and transparency,[134] in contrast to censorship in China[135] and poor preparation in the United States and Europe.[133][136][137][138]
Isolation and quarantine
[edit]On 11 January 2020, after China reported its first coronavirus death, Vietnam implemented health checks at airports.[139][140] All visitors had their body temperatures measured, and those with a fever, cough, chest pain or breathing difficulties were isolated for testing. In the event of a positive test, fellow passengers and crew and all their contacts were quarantined for 14 days.[141]
The government issued diagnostic and management guidelines for COVID-19 on 16 January, providing instructions on contact tracing and 14-day isolation.[142] On 22 January, health authorities began monitoring body temperatures at border crossings and started detection and contact tracing, with mandatory isolation of infected people and anyone with whom they had come into contact.[143]
Vietnam's meticulous contact-tracing effort is unique.[46] Due to its inability to conduct mass testing (like South Korea), the country has taken a targeted approach to testing: increasing it in areas with community transmission, implementing a strict 14-day quarantine policy, and keeping track of second, third and fourth contact levels of infected persons (who would then be placed on different levels of movement and contact restrictions).[144][11] According to CNN, if authorities had not proactively sought out people with infection risks, the virus could have quietly spread in communities days before being detected.[46] In early April 2020, 45,000 people were ordered to quarantine in response to 240 cases. When a small cluster of infections emerged, an entire village (or city) was quarantined.[145][146] By 9 May 2021, over 16 million people had been quarantined.[147] Instead of relying on medicine and technology, Vietnam adopted a widespread public-surveillance system backed by military force.[144][148] The country has a surveillance culture, in which neighbours will inform local police of suspected misconduct (an approach not taken in Western societies).[149] Experience with pandemics has led to the development of institutional preparedness and "social memory," instrumental in encouraging people to adopt protective behaviors and heed official regulations and guidance.[150]
Testing
[edit]On 30 January 2020, the Ministry of Science and Technology met with medical experts to propose solutions to contain and mitigate COVID-19.[151] Deputy Minister Phạm Công Tạc urged virologists to accelerate the development of diagnostic tests.[152] In early February, publicly funded Vietnamese institutions began developing at least four locally manufactured COVID-19 tests which were approved by the Ministry of Defense and the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology. Private companies, including Viet A and Thai Duong, then offered to manufacture the test kits. Most laboratories analyzing the tests use in-house versions of WHO protocol, allowing broad testing without long wait times.[11] A research team at Hanoi University of Science and Technology's Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology announced in early February 2020 that it had developed test kits using RT-LAMP technology, with a 70-minute turnaround time.[153]
The Ministry of Health approved GeneXpert, a test used by Vietnam's tuberculosis-prevention network since 2012, for COVID-19 testing in August 2020. Nguyễn Viết Nhung, director of the National Lung Hospital in Hanoi, said that the test is similar to RT-PCR and gives accurate results in 35–45 minutes for COVID-19 and tuberculosis.[154] Plans were underway to expand GeneXpert testing at 42-46 lung hospitals around the country.[155] In May 2021, Vietnam had 180 laboratories capable of testing for COVID-19 using RT-PCR with a capacity of 238,000 tests per day.[156] Health officials prepared to extend testing capacity to more hospital laboratories, including provincial and military hospitals.[157][158] During the Hải Dương outbreak, random testing of households and inpatients and targeted testing of high-risk groups was used instead of mass testing.[159]
Treatment
[edit]With its experience of the 2003 SARS outbreak, Vietnam has been proactive in treating COVID-19 patients. Key is a well-ventilated environment, regularly disinfected and without air conditioning; addressing clinical and psychological symptoms, physiotherapy and appropriate nutrition are additional treatments.[160][161]
According to the Ministry of Health, antiretroviral therapy will be considered. To leave the hospital, patients need two consecutive negative COVID-19 tests and must isolate at home for 14 days. The patient should be indoors in a well-ventilated, separate room, masked, washing hands frequently, and limiting contact with others. Body temperature should be checked twice daily.[162]
During the second wave in Da Nang, treatment was improved with antiviral drugs. Specifically, Lopinavir, ritonavir and interferon have been used effectively, with patients becoming virus-free in seven days. Blood plasma from recovered patients is considered for severe cases as an alternative to antiviral drugs. The malaria drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are no longer used.[163][164]
Doctors studied plasma therapy for COVID-19 treatment since April 2020, and the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases selects plasma donors; by January 2021, however, no patient in the country had been treated this way. Nguyen Trung Cap, deputy director of the Hanoi National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, said that plasma therapy has limited benefit in COVID-19. During the first week of illness, a patient's viral load is high but symptoms are generally mild. Severe symptoms usually begin during the second week of illness (due to immune response), but the patient's viral load is lower. Antibody levels fall quickly after recovery, and side effects similar to those of blood transfusion (including fluid overload, acute hemolytic transfusion reaction and allergic transfusion reaction) may occur.[165]
In October 2020, scientists at the Medical Genetics Institute, the Ho Chi Minh City Center for Disease Control (HCDC) and Ho Chi Minh City Medicine and Pharmacy University planned to sequence the genome of COVID-19 to learn how it affects different people and possibly identify genes sensitive to the virus. In the study's first stage, twenty recovered patients would have their genes sequenced by HCDC.[166]
With the Delta variant and a rapid increase in cases during the fourth wave, the Ministry of Health implemented a new treatment regimen in July 2021. According to the ministry, over 80 percent of patients had a low fever, cough and fatigue and recovered in about a week; some were asymptomatic. About 20 percent of patients experienced severe symptoms within five to eight days; after seven to ten days of severe illness, patients without symptoms of respiratory failure gradually recovered. Under the new regimen, patients with no or mild symptoms would be treated in the general ward; severely-ill patients with life-threatening conditions required treatment in an intensive-care unit. Individualized treatment plans would be provided, particularly for severe cases. After returning home, patients must monitor their body temperature twice a day; if it is higher than 38 °C (100 °F) two consecutive times or they have symptoms, they must notify the medical facility immediately.[128] In August 2021, the ministry approved the use of remdesivir and considered approving favipiravir.[167]
Field hospital
[edit]
On 31 July 2020, the Da Nang Party Committee announced that it would use Tien Son Sport Center in Hải Châu district as a temporary field hospital to help the city's hospitals cope with the rising number of COVID-19 patients. The sports center covers an area of 10,000 m2 (110,000 sq ft), and has a 2,000-bed capacity.[168] The committee also agreed to use the Da Nang Military Command sports ground to store necessities and medical equipment to control the epidemic.[169] Committee chair Huynh Duc Tho said that the COVID-19 epidemic was very serious in the area, with drastic action and strong measures required to control the outbreak. The Committee tasked the city with quickly buying necessary medical equipment, including ECMO machines, ventilators, protective suits and medical masks.[170]
In January 2021, responding to an outbreak in Hải Dương province, two field hospitals with a combined 600-bed capacity were set up in the north of the province within 24 hours. The first, at the Chí Linh medical centre, was staffed by 45 doctors and about 70 nurses to treat 200 patients. The second was converted from the Hải Dương Medical Technical University, with 210 beds.[171]
In 2021, Vietnam had about 2,000 ICU doctors and 16,000 ICU beds. On 16 August 2021, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) established a three-level care pathway with a planned 60,000 beds, including 1,700 ICU beds:
- Level 1: Monitoring and care centres (centralized quarantine area and district hospitals) for asymptomatic and mildly-ill patients.
- Level 2: For mildly- and moderately-symptomatic patients
- Level 3: For severely-ill patients. This level includes eight hospitals: the Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Chợ Rẫy, Military Hospital 175, and five national ICU centers.
On 5 August, the committee's deputy secretary reported that the city's level-three capacity was nearing its limit. Due to the increase in new cases, HCMC Medical University established a 70-bed ICU centre on 3 August. Four days later, medical staffs from three of the country's major hospitals (Bạch Mai, Việt Đức and Central Huế) established three ICU centres with a total of 1,500 beds. HCMC assigned a total of 3,270 ICU beds to COVID-19 patients.[172] HCMC established the 1,000-bed Tân Bình District Field Hospital on 18 August, the first multi-level field hospital to accept mildly-, moderately- and critically ill patients. The hospital was intended to relieve pressure on major hospitals.[173]
- Bình Dương Province: In August 2021, Bình Dương had 22 treatment facilities with 15,627 beds and a staff of 2,851. The provincial government used the three-level care pathway, and asked for support from Hanoi Medical University and the private health sector.[174]
- Long An: The MOH supported the province in establishing a 500-bed ICU centre.
- Đồng Nai: The Hanoi-based National Lung Hospital helped Đồng Nai open a 380-bed ICU centre.[175][176][177]
Drug and vaccine development
[edit]
On 7 February 2020, the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Hanoi announced that it had successfully cultured and isolated COVID-19 in the lab; Vietnam was the fourth country to do so. This would enable quicker test results; thousands of samples could be tested per day,[178] and the research would be the basis of a vaccine. Institute deputy director Le Quynh Mai said that Vietnam had identified two virus variants: one from patients returning from Wuhan in February, and the other from patients returning from Europe in March.[179][180]
In May 2020, Vietnam announced the development of its COVID-19 vaccine after scientists generated the viral antigen in the lab. The vaccine, developed in a collaboration by Vabiotech in Hanoi and Bristol University, would be tested for safety and effectiveness before manufacture. According to the institute, an effective vaccine safe for humans would take at least 12 to 18 months to develop.[181][182] After successful testing on mice, a trial vaccine would be stabilized for mass production of up to tens of millions of units.[183][184] In October 2020, the Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine was tested on monkeys;[185][186] the result of the trials laid the foundation for human testing.[187][188]
Vietnam has four COVID-19 vaccines, produced by Nanogen, Vabiotech, Polyvac and the Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals (IVAC). The health ministry assessed the Nanocovax vaccine, produced by Nanogen, as the most promising.[189] IVAC and Vabiotech completed their laboratory-scale production, and evaluated the safety and efficacy of their vaccines on animals.[190] On 7 December, the institute announced successful Nanocovax animal test results.[191] Ten days later, Nanogen began human trials of the vaccine.[192][193] Nanogen began phase-II trials in Hanoi and southern Long An province on 26 February 2021.[194] On 25 March, 26 volunteers who received the first phase-II shots between 26 February and 10 March received second Nanocovax shots. Some volunteers experienced side effects around the injection site, but did not require medical care.[195] Results of the trial would be issued in May before preparing for the phase-III trial of 10,000 to 30,000 people.[196][197] A Nanogen official told Nikkei Asia that if the government implemented its emergency designation, Nanovax might be rolled out in May.[196] Deputy Minister of Science and Technology Phạm Công Tạc and Deputy Prime Minister Vũ Đức Đam received second doses of Nanocovax on 26 March 2021.[198][199]
COVIVAC (the second Vietnamese-produced vaccine), developed by the Institute of Vaccine and Medical Biologicals (IVAC), began a human clinical trial on 21 January. IVAC studied the vaccine since May 2020, conducting successful pre-clinical trials in India, the United States and Vietnam; vaccine stability was evaluated at New York City's Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.[200] On 15 March 2021, six volunteers were injected with COVIVAC at Hanoi Medical University. A vaccine with or without adjuvants, without preservatives, its vector is the Newcastle disease virus and it can be produced with chicken eggs (similar to influenza vaccines).[201]
On 8 September 2021, Deputy Minister of Health Tran Van Thuan met with France's Xenothera company to discuss collaboration on phase-III clinical trials of the XAV-19 COVID-19 drug and the transfer of production technology to Vietnam. The drug prevents the virus from developing, neutralises it and reduces inflammation.[202]
Vaccination programme
[edit]
| Vaccination (as of 31 October 2023) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Doses administered[203] | 266,532,582 | ||
| Total population[204] | 97,580,000 | ||
| 1st dose | 2nd dose | 3rd and more doses | |
| 90,277,452 | 85,967,824 | 90,287,306 | |
 | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
.jpg)
Dose supplied by vaccine product, as of 13 March 2022[3]
Dose supplied by source, as of 13 March 2022[3]
After approval of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine on 30 January 2021, vaccinations began on 8 March with a goal of vaccinating 80 percent of the population by June 2022.[205] The Sputnik V vaccine was approved on 23 March 2021.[206] The Sinopharm BIBP vaccine was approved for emergency use on 4 June[207] and the Pfizer–BioNTech, Moderna and Janssen vaccines were approved on 12 June,[208] 29 June[209][210] and 15 July,[211] respectively. Vietnam approved Abdala vaccine from the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology on 18 September,[27] and Covaxin from Bharat Biotech on 10 November 2021.[28][29]
The immunization campaign is Vietnam's largest ever, with over 150 million doses.[212] Although the country has prevented disease and kept outbreaks under control, its COVID-19 vaccination program is considered slower than those of most Asian countries.[213][214][215] Vietnam had administered 200,179,247 vaccine doses by 12 March 2022, and 221,807,484 doses had arrived in the country by 13 March.[3] On 7 May 2021, Vietnam recorded the first death of a person vaccinated with the AstraZeneca vaccine: a female, 35-year-old medical worker in An Giang province.[216][217]
In July 2021, the Ministry of Health authorized mixing first and second doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines with patient consent if supplies are limited.[218] On 8 September, Vietnam allowed recipients of Moderna's vaccine to receive a different second dose due to lack of vaccines.[219][220] The ministry authorized vaccinating children aged 12 to 17 on 14 October 2021.[221][222]
Government response
[edit]
The government of Vietnam prepared for the COVID-19 pandemic as early as the first cases in China emerged in December 2019, and pursued a zero-COVID strategy until September 2021.
In January 2020, Vietnam's Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc ordered measures to prevent and counter the spread of the disease into Vietnam,[223] as well as to warn Vietnamese citizens to avoid visiting areas with outbreaks.[224] During the same year, authorities enacted several lockdowns in response to localised outbreaks. Contact tracing and social distancing measures were rolled out, and Vietnam's communications and propaganda apparatus dispelled information about the disease. In 2021, a vaccination programme began, whilst outbreaks in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi prompted the government to introduce further lockdowns, which were ultimately lifted due to their economic and social impacts, and continued spread of the Delta variant.
Reception for the government's response was mixed. While the government's decisiveness and effectiveness in controlling the disease during 2020 received high public approval and international recognition, outbreaks the following year and low vaccine uptake signalled a decline in public trust. The human rights implications of some interventions attracted controversy, whilst the Việt Á scandal related to COVID-19 testing led to several senior officials resigning, being removed from office, or facing prosecution for corruption.Social interaction
[edit]The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Mekong Development Research Institute (MDRI) surveyed 1,335 Vietnamese in September 2020 about their opinions and experiences of the government's response to the pandemic. Respondents strongly supported the April national social-distancing order, with 88 percent praising its timing. Thirty-nine percent said that they consistently followed the order, and 12.2 percent followed it somewhat or disobeyed it. Eighty-nine percent of respondents said that they supported the government's measures to save as many lives as possible, even if it meant a slow economic recovery; a global average of 67 percent said that governments should prioritize saving lives over economic recovery.[225]
A January 2021 survey by Singapore's United Overseas Bank found that Vietnamese were Southeast Asia's most optimistic about their future, despite the economic and social challenges posed by the pandemic. About 81 percent of Vietnamese respondents said that they expected life to return to normal by the end of the year, and 72 percent believed that they would be financially better-off. "Their optimism could be due to Vietnam's success in handling the COVID-19 crisis, which has set a strong foundation for the recovery of the economy," UOB Vietnam CEO Harry Loh said. Another reason for Vietnamese optimism might be because most grew up during the Vietnam War and subsequent subsidy economy period.[226]
Donations
[edit]In addition to government aid, sponsors have provided food and water to those in need.[227] A number of businesspeople and celebrities have contributed to the fight against the pandemic. At a 20 March 2020 meeting with representatives of the Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee of Ho Chi Minh City, billionaire Johnathan Hanh Nguyen promised to donate 30 billion₫; 25 billion₫ was spent on medical equipment, and he donated a 5,000-square-metre (54,000 sq ft) supermarket for use as an isolation area.[228][229]
State Committee for Overseas Vietnamese deputy chair Luong Thanh Nghi said that when the pandemic began in China and other Asia-Pacific countries, overseas Vietnamese in Eastern Europe provided nearly 80,000 medical masks, hundreds of sterile water bottles, protective clothing and surgical gloves to the Sơn Lôi commune, Vĩnh Phúc province and a number of hospitals in Hanoi.[230][231] In August 2020, Vingroup (Vietnam's largest corporation) donated 3,200 ventilators and chemicals for 100,000 RT-PCR tests to the Ministry of Health.[232][233]
At the end of May 2021, Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính ordered government agencies and ministries to establish a vaccine fund of cash and vaccine doses[234] to purchase vaccines from abroad and supporting the production of domestic vaccines. Although the government said that it intends to secure 150 million vaccine doses in 2021 (vaccinating 70 percent of the population at a cost of US$1.1 billion), only $630 million was allocated to vaccine procurement in the budget. By 10 June, over 253,000 businesses, banks and individuals pledged to contribute $179 million to the fund.[235] According to the Ministry of Finance, another $140 million was pledged by businesses.[236][237] Hanoi residents were reportedly forced to contribute to the fund.[238]
Labour and immigration
[edit]Many Vietnamese work abroad, and many Vietnamese families depend on remittances from relatives – about US$17 billion in 2019 (according to the World Bank) but expected to drop 7.6 percent in 2020, the first drop in 11 years. The Overseas Labor Bureau reported that about 54,300 workers left Vietnam to work abroad in the first eleven months of 2020, down from 148,000 in 2019. Mekong Development Research Institute director Phung Duc Tung said that the biggest challenge for overseas workers when they returned is losing their jobs due to the lack of official information about repatriation dates and a government plan. "This led to psychological problems, depression, pessimism, and there was a suicide case when he returned to Vietnam", Tung said, referring to a Vietnamese driver who killed himself in a quarantine facility. He helped a group of undocumented Chinese citizens he believed faced pandemic-related financial problems enter the country for $260 per person.[239]
Strict government measures left many citizens trapped abroad. At the end of April 2020, Hanoi organized charter repatriation flights; about 65,000 Vietnamese were repatriated on 235 flights. Demand exceeds supply, however, and many risk criminal charges in illegally attempting to return home.[240] Some illegal returnees tested positive for COVID-19 after living in communities for a long time.[241] The Vietnam Border Guard detained over 31,000 illegal entrants in 2020, including 25,000 from China; the remainder were from Laos and Cambodia.[242][243]
Infractions
[edit]Although authorities imposed mandatory measures to prevent disease spread, some people left quarantined areas or were dishonest about reporting symptoms;[244] in March 2020, the first patient in Hanoi did not provide an accurate travel history.[245] Anger was reported at infections in the Muslim community returning from Malaysia's Tablighi Jamaat festival; several patients did not self-quarantine in Vietnam, and attended Islamic events in Ho Chi Minh City.[246] A 28-year-old Vietnam Airlines attendant breached self-isolation protocols by going outside and attending university, infecting a friend (who infected others).[247][248][249]
On 24 February 2020, a group of 20 South Koreans arrived in Da Nang on a flight from Daegu (South Korea's COVID-19 epicentre).[250][251] Some refused to isolate, and were returned home.[252] YTN reported that Korean citizens were "detained" in poor conditions.[252][250]
A riot alleging weak government disease control broke out in South Tân Uyên Industrial Park on 21 August 2021.[253][254] On 6 September, a 28-year-old man was sentenced to five years in prison and fined £630 for breaching COVID-19 restrictions and spreading the virus.[255]
Fraud
[edit]On 3 March 2020, nearly one million masks of unknown origin were discovered in a warehouse by police in Tân Phú district, Ho Chi Minh City.[256] Other cases involving illegal masks were prosecuted in An Giang province,[257] Lạng Sơn,[258] Cao Bằng[259] and Quảng Ninh province,[260] in addition to other forms of fraud.[261][262][263]
At a 17 April 2020 meeting of the Steering Committee on COVID-19 Prevention and Control of Hanoi, Hanoi People's Committee chair Nguyen Duc Chung said that the Investigation Police Department on Economic, Corruption Crimes and Smuggling (C03) of the Ministry of Public Security had summoned Hanoi Center for Disease Control (HCDC) officials to an investigation of the purchase of COVID-19 testing machines.[264][265] On 22 April, investigators determined that Hanoi CDC director Nguyen Nhat Cam and others had tripled the purchase price of a real-time PCR test-kit package.[266] Chung and six others were charged with fraud, and he faced 10 years in prison.[267][268][269]
Xenophobia
[edit]Asia Times reported, "A number of Vietnamese hotels and guesthouses have reportedly hung signs on their doors saying that Chinese guests are not welcome, while many Vietnamese have gone online to demand the closure of all border crossings with China."[270] Signs implying that Chinese customers were not welcome were seen in front of a shop in Phú Quốc and a restaurant in Da Nang.[271] South Koreans are reportedly screened due to widespread COVID-19 in South Korea, which has extensive trade with Vietnam.[252][250] When racism began receiving more coverage in news and social media, the Vietnamese government announced that it would fine those who refused service to foreigners and set up a hotline for assistance and reporting violations.[272]
Xenophobia was also evident in the use of Chinese vaccines. Control Risks lead analyst Nguyen Phuong Linh said that China's vaccine diplomacy had failed with Vietnam primarily because of anti-Chinese sentiment. Vietnamese leaders have strong public support, which they would not want to lose by using Chinese vaccines for most of the population. "From the beginning of the pandemic, the virus has been widely reported in Vietnam as originally coming from China. Since then, the anti-China sentiments, which were already strong, have shown no sign of weakening", Linh said.[273][274] In June 2021, however, Vietnam approved the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine for emergency use and received a donation of 500,000 doses from China.[275] Ho Chi Minh City received five million Sinopharm vaccine doses as part of a late-July corporate donation, triggering a public backlash.[276] Le Dong Hai Nguyen, an economist at the Georgetown School of Foreign Service, suggested in The Diplomat that the Chinese vaccine debacle might be a publicity stunt in which the Vietnamese government leveraged anti-Chinese sentiment to boost public acceptance of the AstraZeneca vaccine: "Just as standing next to a less attractive friend makes you look better, Vietnam's strategy to briefly include the Chinese vaccines in its vaccine pool might just make the AstraZeneca vaccine look marginally more appealing". Le wrote that many Vietnamese were willing to wait for the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines instead of taking the AstraZeneca vaccine because of concern about blood clots, which could "seriously derail Vietnam's already sluggish vaccination campaign" (dependent on the AstraZeneca vaccine).[20]
Impact
[edit]Economy
[edit]
(by percentage)
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Sources: Asian Development Bank (ADB)[277]
2020
[edit]Vietnam's economy was hit hard by the pandemic; private and national industries slowed, stocks fell and tourism faltered, making hundreds of thousands people jobless and relying on unemployment benefits to survive.[23] According to government figures, 3,000 businesses closed in the first two months of 2020;[144] however, Vietnam's economic growth was expected to exceed the Asian average of 2.2 percent. Despite the deceleration in economic activity, the Asian Development Bank reported that Vietnam's GDP growth rate was expected to remain one of the highest in the Asia-Pacific region.[277][278][279] In November, the IMF said that Vietnam was expected to be the only Southeast Asian country expected to grow that year.[280]
The Vietnam Industry Agency said that manufacturers lacked raw materials and components (mainly imported from Japan, China, and South Korea), endangering factory operations.[281] The Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) and the World Bank surveyed almost 10,200 businesses (nearly 85 percent private domestic firms, the remainder in the FDI sector) about the impact of COVID-19; the survey indicated that the greatest difficulties for businesses during the pandemic were accessing customers, cash flow, labor, and supply-chain issues. VCCI Legal Department head Dau Anh Tuan said on 12 March 2021 that the pandemic had a generally-negative impact on Vietnamese businesses.[282] The vast majority of survey respondents (87.2 percent) reported a negative effect; 11 percent were unaffected, and two percent reported growth. New businesses (in operation for less than three years), small companies, and micro-enterprises struggled the most. Industries with the highest negative-impact rates were the garment industry (97 percent), information and communications (96 percent), and electrical-equipment manufacturing (94 percent). Real estate and mining had negative-impact rates of about 80 percent, and FDI real estate, information and communications, agriculture and fisheries had an over-95-percent negative-impact rate.
Thirty-five percent of private companies and 22 percent of FDI firms laid off employees; thirty-six percent of private small and micro-enterprises, 26 percent of medium-sized businesses and 32 percent of large companies implemented layoffs.[283] The Vietnam General Statistics Office said that exports were $99.36 billion, down 1.7 percent from the previous year. Imports were $97.48 billion, down three percent. Vietnam's exports to the EU and ASEAN fell by 12 and 13.4 percent, respectively.[284]
The International Monetary Fund projected Vietnam's 2020 economic growth as 2.4 percent. IMF mission chief Era Dabla-Norris said that the country's growth was "among the highest in the world, thanks to its decisive steps to contain the health and economic fallout from COVID-19". The VCCI said that the pandemic gave Vietnam an opportunity to develop its economy when Japan, the US, the EU, and Australia might want to transfer portions of their supply chains from China. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and European Union–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) were expected to help the country diversify its economic and trade relations, create favorable conditions for Vietnamese businesses, and attract investment to prioritized industries and sectors.[285]
2021
[edit]Due to fears generated by a January 2021 outbreak in Hải Dương and Quảng Ninh, the VN Index fell 73.23 points (6.67 percent); it was the worst single-session loss since the September 11 attacks. On the Ho Chi Minh Stock City Stock Exchange (HoSE, on which the VN Index is based), 478 stocks lost and 20 gained. Of the 478, a record 276 stocks reached their floor prices (the lowest they could fall in a trading day). The VN30 index of the exchange's 30 largest-cap stocks fell 6.73 percent, with 29 stocks losing and one gaining. Twenty-eight of the 29 losing stocks fell to their floor prices.[286]
According to Vietnam's General Statistics Office, the number of employed workers in the first quarter of 2021 decreased by one million (to 49.9 million) from the previous quarter. The country had 9.1 million workers aged 15 and older who were negatively affected by the pandemic. Over half a million people lost their jobs, 2.8 million took unpaid leave, 3.1 million had their working hours cut, and 6.5 million reported reduced income; two-thirds of those people were between ages of 24 and 54. As many as 40,300 companies shut down in the first quarter, a year-over-year decrease of 16 percent. The pandemic changed working habits, prompting the use of online tools; at least 78,000 workers said that they turned to technological solutions to keep their jobs.[287]
The April 2021 outbreak in the southern provinces further disrupted supply chains. Lockdowns prevented on-site work, dropping production capacity. Two major footwear suppliers for Adidas and Nike, Taiwan's Pouchen and South Korea's Changshin (with 41,000 workers) ceased operations on 14 July 2021.[288] Six days later, Feng Tay (another Taiwanese sports-footwear manufacturer, which accounted for one-sixth of Nike's annual sales) closed several factories.[289] According to the Vietnam Textile and Apparel Association (VITAS), over one-third of the country's garment and textile factories were closed and the immunization rate of the sector's workforce remained very low due to a delay by the Vietnamese government in purchasing vaccine. In August, textile businesses maintained good export capacity but were expected to face declines in growth beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021.[290]
Samsung, one of Vietnam's largest employers, had manufacturing problems with its smartphones when its injection-molding-equipment supplier went out of business. Near Ho Chi Minh City, the company's appliance facilities were operating at 50 percent of capacity.[291] The outbreak disrupted a plan to shift production from China to Vietnam of Apple, Google, Amazon and their main suppliers. Google's Pixel 6 smartphone would still be manufactured in China, although Google had planned to move production to northern Vietnam in early 2020. Apple's plan to shift production of MacBook, AirPods and iPad to Vietnam was also postponed. Production of smart doorbells, security cameras and smart speakers for Amazon were delayed since a May outbreak in the north.[292] Many Japanese businesses wanted to repatriate their staffs from Vietnam, and Chico's (a Florida-based women's clothing brand) and Callaway Golf (a golf manufacturer)h announced that some of their production had been moved to other countries.[293][294] In August 2021, Nikkei Asia ranked Vietnam last in resilience after the pandemic.[295] A two-month lockdown in Ho Chi Minh City (which contributes 20 percent of Vietnam's GDP) pushed many businesses to the limit when nearly all economic activity froze. Of 21,000 businesses surveyed by the Private Economic Development Research Board and VnExpress, 70 percent had closed (largely because of supply-chain disruptions). Concern about the Delta outbreak drove tens of thousands of people from their workplaces.[296] The lockdown jeopardized Vietnam's standing in the global supply chain.[297] According to the General Statistics Office, the country's gross domestic product (GDP) in the third quarter of 2021 fell 6.17 percent from the previous year.[298]
At a 5 December 2021 forum to discuss economic recovery plans, Central Economic Commission deputy head Nguyen Thanh Phong said that Vietnam's economy would have grown by seven percent in 2020 and 2021 without the pandemic. The country's growth rate increased by 2.91 percent in 2020, and was expected to increase by 2.5 percent in 2021. The Vietnamese economy lost about 847,000 billion₫, equivalent to $37 billion.[299]
Unemployment
[edit]According to a December 2020 General Statistics Office report, 32.1 million people nationwide were affected by the pandemic; 69.2 percent lost income, 39.9 percent had their work hours reduced, and about 14 percent were laid off. The service-sector workforce had the heaviest losses (71.6 percent affected), followed by industry and construction (64.7 percent) and agriculture, forestry and fishery (26.4 percent). The Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs said that the number of people filing for unemployment in May 2020 increased 44 percent from the previous year. In the first five months of 2020, 26,000 companies ceased operating. The ministry estimated that the number of workers affected by the pandemic could increase during the second quarter of 2020.[277] Vietnam's workforce decreased by 1.2 million people that year; from 2016 to 2019 period, it increased by an average of 0.8 percent per year.[300]
The pandemic changed quarterly workforce trends. From 2016 to 2019 period, the workforce was smallest in the first quarter before increasing gradually and peaking in the fourth quarter. In 2020, the workforce began to decline in the first quarter; it declined sharply before bottoming in the second quarter, gradually recovering in the third and fourth quarters.[301]
Stockpiling
[edit]Stores across Vietnam quickly sold out of surgical masks and hand sanitizer after the initial cases of COVID-19 were reported in January 2020, following a similar trend in other Asian countries.[302] Interim Health Minister Vũ Đức Đam urged the public to remain calm during the outbreak and avoid excessive emergency buying.[303] Vietnamese authorities moved to arrest people who profiteered from the outbreak.[304]
Transportation and tourism
[edit] | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Sources: Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam (CAAV)[305]
Tourism is Vietnam's most-severely-affected industry, with the country's Civil Aviation Authority (CAAV) calling the pandemic the aviation industry's worst situation in the 60 years of the authority's existence. Of 234 Vietnam-registered aircraft, over 200 were grounded while airlines must spend hundreds of millions dollars on aircraft leasing costs, employee salaries, aircraft maintenance, and apron parking fees.[306] Vietnam Airlines estimated that its 2020 revenues could decline by $2.1 billion. As many as 10,000 employees (over 50 percent of its staff) took unpaid leave. According to CEO Duong Tri Thanh, the carrier was experiencing the most difficult period in its history.[307]
According to the General Statistics Office, about 16,300 foreigners came to Vietnam in August 2020 (primarily experts arriving to work). Since 25 July 2020, when the second wave began, many tourist attractions have been closed and measures were implemented to curb the spread of infection. The ancient imperial city of Huế, popular with foreign visitors, was empty during the pandemic; Thừa Thiên Huế province's tourism department said that 80 percent of its hotels were closed, and 8,000 people had lost their jobs.[308] Khánh Hòa province (where Nha Trang is located) saw its number of tourists fall by over 80 percent in 2020, and hundreds of hotels are being sold for low prices. Authorities have said that the pandemic has caused major difficulties for more than 1,100 accommodation facilities, and by February 2021 the provincial tourism department said that about 100 had suspended operations.[309]
Revenue from lodging and food and beverage services in 2020 was $22.1 billion (down 13 percent), and travel-agency revenue was $776 million (down 59.5 percent). The tourism sector served 3.83 million visitors (compared with a record 18 million in 2019) as the government closed borders and canceled all international flights.[310] Similar drops were seen in nearly all major markets, such as China, Malaysia, South Korea, Japan and France.[284] According to a Ho Chi Minh City Department of Tourism report, about 90 percent of travel-related businesses in the city had to suspend operations during the pandemic's second wave.[311]
According to CAAV, 66 million passengers passed through the country's airports in 2020 (a 43.5-percent decrease). Twenty-two airports across Vietnam accommodated 340,000 flights operated by 68 foreign and five Vietnamese carriers, down 31.9 percent from 2019; they handled nearly 1.3 million tons of cargo, down 14.7 percent. Vietnam Airlines and two low-cost carriers (VietJet Air and Bamboo Airways) requested government support and refinanced loans, estimating that the industry would not fully recover until 2023 at the earliest.[312][313]
The fourth wave of COVID-19 froze the summer 2021 tourist season, closing travel agencies, restaurants, hotels, and amusement parks. According to the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, in the first nine months of 2021 the number of domestic tourists decreased by 16 percent compared with 2020 and by 52 percent compared with 2019. Tourism revenue was almost 137 trillion₫, down 41 percent from 2020. At the end of September, Vinh Phuc, Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Thanh Hoa, Quang Binh, Lam Dong and Ho Chi Minh City resumed intra-provincial tourism. Ho Chi Minh City offers tours of Can Gio and Cu Chi and other, commercial tours for frontline doctors. In mid-October, foreign tourists were again allowed at isolated resorts and tourist areas.[314] On 12 November, CAAV deputy director Vo Huy Cuong said that the agency planned to organize nearly 30 flights to Kiên Giang and Khánh Hòa province. CAAV received a flight plan five days later from Vietnam Airlines and from VietJet Air on 20 November to the island of Phú Quốc in Kiên Giang province. About 20 flights to Kien Giang and Khanh Hoa are planned from Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Thailand. On 17 November, a flight bringing 29 international tourists to Hội An landed at Da Nang International Airport. They were the first international tourists to return to Vietnam under the country's vaccine passport program since the March 2020 suspension of international arrivals.[12][315]
Education
[edit]
On 6 February 2020, under the leadership of Minister of Vietnam Education and Training Phung Xuan Nha, the Steering Committee for Disease Prevention and Control agreed to allow students to remain at home for an additional week after the Tết holiday. On 14 February, the Ministry of Health reported that schools would remain closed nationwide. The closure was linked to a nationwide 31 March quarantine order, effect the following day. Schools began to adopt online instruction,[316] and the Ministry of Education and Training issued junior high- and high-school teaching plans for the second semester of the 2019–2020 academic year on 31 March.[317]
School closures from February to May impacted an estimated 21.2 million children nationwide, eliminating access to health and protective services and subsidized school meals. COVID-19 triggered school absences as children accompanied parents seeking employment opportunities in new locations. About three percent of rural households reported they stopped sending children to school due to reduced income.[318] Household registration was an administrative barrier, especially for migrant children, to the public-education system. The pandemic exacerbated Vietnam's digital divide; many students live in remote regions with limited internet coverage, cannot afford devices required for online learning, or do not have teachers proficient in such learning.[319] Online and distance-learning programmes did not attain nationwide coverage. Such learning programmes were available from primary to university levels in some provinces, focusing on grades 9 to 12 in others. Only large cities had programmes from elementary to high school, and user fees were required for some video lessons. Online and distance learning focused on maths, Vietnamese and English, and were often unavailable in ethnic-minority languages;[320] extracurricular programmes such as sex education were often not covered. Half of a UNICEF survey's respondents reported that their children studied less, or not at all, while schools were closed. Many teachers were not equipped for online learning, with ethnic-minority and disabled children disproportionately affected.[321]
Pharmaceutical industry
[edit]Contrary to a pre-pandemic positive forecast, 2020 pharmaceutical revenue increased by less than three percent (compared with an historical annual average of nearly 12 percent) due to social distancing and tight control of hospital visits. According to SSI Research, infection concerns and strict health procedures at many hospitals limited the number of patients who come for periodic check-ups, reducing the number of nationwide medical examinations and treatments by 10 to 15 percent. Consumers bought hand sanitizer and masks instead of over-the-counter drugs, reducing industry sales.
However, 2020 was a "significant" year for merger and acquisition activity (M&A) in the pharmaceutical industry. The total value of M&A in 2020 is estimated at $72.8 million, with many foreign investors. The largest deal was SK Group (Korea)'s $39.8 million purchase of 25 percent of Imexpharm Pharmaceutical Company (IMP). Stada Arzneimittel (Germany), specializing in generic drugs, spent over $17.3 million increasing its ownership in Pymepharco Joint Stock Company from 70 to 76 percent; ASKA Pharmaceutical (Japan), specializing in gastrointestinal drugs, hormones and obstetrics and gynecology, spent $16 million to buy a 25-percent stake in Hataphar (Vietnam's second-largest drug company in 2019).[322]
The pandemic challenged the pharmaceutical industry, especially with disease spread. Vietnam's rapidly-aging population and increasing per-capita income supports long-term growth of the healthcare market, so "the possibility of the industry recovering in 2021 [was] very likely".[323]
Sports
[edit]The pandemic delayed the 2020 V.League 1 season, affecting the Vietnam national football team's preparations for the 2022 World Cup qualifications.[324][325] On 23 May 2020, Nam Dinh FC hosted a match against Hoang Anh Gia Lai FC before 10,000 fans at Thiên Trường Stadium; it was the world's first professional football match to allow spectators since the pandemic began.[326][327] The inaugural Vietnamese Grand Prix, scheduled to be part of the 2020 Formula One World Championship, was postponed and later cancelled.[328][329][330] Due to international travel restrictions, esports winners of the Vietnam Championship Series could not participate in the 2020 League of Legends World Championship[331] and the 2021 Mid-Season Invitational.[332]
Music
[edit]The Vietnamese National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health commissioned Min and Erik to record "Ghen Cô Vy" ("Jealous [of] Coronavirus"), a remake of the 2017 song "Ghen" ("Jealous"), to promote preventative measures against the pandemic such as personal hygiene, hand-washing and social distancing.[333][334][144] The song went viral, and was praised by John Oliver on Last Week Tonight with John Oliver. UNICEF promoted the video to counteract COVID-19 hysteria.[335]
International reaction
[edit]- Asian Development Bank: In December 2020, ADB announced that it gave Vietnam $600,000 in material aid. It facilitated the addition of protective equipment worth $500,000 to the National Lung Hospital in Hanoi and a $100,000 equipment upgrade at the Ministry of Health's Public Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC).[336]
- Australia: Minister of Trade, Tourism and Investment Simon Birmingham congratulated Vietnam on its achievements against the pandemic.[337] Birmingham thanked Vietnam for resuming the export of rice, helping rice-importing countries (including small countries in the Oceania-Pacific region) secure their food supply.[337] The Australian government pledged to supply 1.5 million AstraZeneca vaccine doses to Vietnam by the end of 2021.[338]
- Chile: Chilean Ambassador to Vietnam Jaime Chomali said that Vietnam recorded few new infections despite its high population (indicating that its efforts were successful), and was more confident in Vietnam's economic recovery than other regional countries.[339]
- China: In a phone call with his Vietnamese counterpart Nguyễn Phú Trọng, Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping said that he "appreciates the results of the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam, as well as the cooperation and coordination between the two countries in the fight against the coronavirus".[340][341] In June 2021, 500,000 doses of Sinopharm's Vero Cell vaccine and over 500,000 syringes (donated by the Chinese government) arrived in Hanoi.[342]
- Czech Republic: On 26 July 2021, the Czech government announced that it would provide Vietnam with 250,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccine. The Czech prime minister said that although the epidemic in the Czech Republic continued to be complicated, the Czech government would continue to support Vietnam. It was ready to provide 500,000 doses of vaccines and rapid test kits to the country, calling on other European countries for similar support with doses of AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna, and Sinopharm vaccines.[343]
- France: In August 2021, French president Emmanuel Macron announced that he would supply 670,000 doses of vaccine to Vietnam through COVAX.[344]
- Germany: In a 14 April 2020 statement on its Facebook page on, the Federal Foreign Office expressed gratitude for the support of the Vietnamese government and its people for Germany's efforts to combat COVID-19.[345] By the end of September 2021, Germany had donated 3.45 million doses of AstraZeneca vaccine and tens of thousands of medical devices to Vietnam.[346]
- Hungary: On 11 August 2021, the Hungarian government said that it would donate 100,000 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine and 100,000 rapid antigen test kits to Vietnam.[347]
- Japan: Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said that his government would distribute an economic stimulus of ¥100,000 per person (including Vietnamese living and working in Japan), affirming that efforts would continue to ensure safety for Vietnamese citizens. The governments agreed to continue working closely to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in all fields. Abe said that Japan would offer a second support package to help Vietnam cope with the pandemic and assist its economic growth.[348] By August 2021, Japan had donated nearly three million doses of AstraZeneca vaccine to Vietnam.[349]
- Poland: In August 2021, the Polish government donated over 501,000 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine and medical equipment and supplies worth $4 million to Vietnam.[350]
- Romania: On 6 August 2021, the government of Romania announced that it would begin to donate 300,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccine to Vietnam.[351]
- Russia: Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin agreed with the Vietnamese government to continue facilitating trade between the two countries during the pandemic. Mishustin praised Vietnam's response, and thanked the country for offering 150,000 face masks to Russia.[352] Russian Ambassador Konstantin Vnukov also praised Vietnam's fight against COVID-19, and hoped that the countries would continue their mutual support.[339]
- South Korea: South Korean President Moon Jae-in appreciated the measures taken by the Vietnamese government to contain the pandemic, saying that South Korea was ready to share experiences and cooperate with the country in fighting the pandemic and protecting the population.[353]
- Switzerland: The Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Swiss Humanitarian Aid agency said that a shipment of medical aid was sent from Zürich on 12 August 2021. The shipment, worth CHF five million ($5.4 million), consisted of 13 tons of medical equipment (including 30 ventilators, 500,000 antigen test kits and 300,000 masks).[354]
- United Kingdom: Gareth Ward, British Ambassador to Vietnam, expressed thanks for the support of the Vietnamese government for a British repatriation flight and its provision of medical supplies to aid the UK in combating the pandemic.[355] In August 2021, the United Kìngdom donated 415,000 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine to Vietnam.[356]
- United States: United States Ambassador to Vietnam Daniel Kritenbrink praised the country's rapid response to the outbreak.[357] The US delegation also praised Vietnam for its quarantine efforts and has cooperated with the Vietnamese embassy in the United States.[358] Matthew Moore, a Hanoi-based CDC official, expressed "great confidence" in the Vietnamese government's response to the pandemic.[359]
Statistics
[edit]
Number of cases by age and conditions
|
In-patient: 590 (0.005% of confirmed cases)
Discharged: 11,578,791 (99.623% of confirmed cases)
Deaths: 43,206 (0.372% of confirmed cases)
Male: 45.0% of confirmed cases
Female: 55.0% of confirmed cases
Community-spread: 99.6% of confirmed cases
Imported: 0.4% of confirmed cases
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Sources:
Ministry of Health of Vietnam (Statistics from Vietnam Ministry of Health)
Vietnam COVID-19 statistics (VnExpress)
| Number | Case no. | Date | Age | Gender | Nationality | Place of detection | Place of death | Causes of death | Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confirmed deaths | ||||||||||
| 1 | 428 | 31 July 2020 | 70 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Huế Central Hospital | Heart attack and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease | [360] |
| 2 | 437 | 61 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Đà Nẵng Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure, respiratory arrest and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure and gout | [361] | |
| 3 | 499 | 1 August 2020 | 68 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Đà Nẵng Oncology Hospital | Respiratory arrest and COVID-19 | Had a history of leukemia, type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure | [362] |
| 4 | 524 | 2 August 2020 | 86 | Female | Vietnam | Quảng Nam Province | Huế Central Hospital | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease and heart disease | [363] |
| 5 | 475 | 83 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Đà Nẵng Hospital | High blood pressure and COVID-19 | Had a history of multiple joint osteoarthritis | ||
| 6 | 429 | 53 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Đà Nẵng Hospital | Heart failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes | [364] | |
| 7 | 426 | 4 August 2020 | 62 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Huế Central Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease | [365] |
| 8 | 496 | 65 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Đà Nẵng Hospital | Heart failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease and sepsis | [366] | |
| 9 | 651 | 6 August 2020 | 67 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Đà Nẵng Hospital | Respiratory arrest and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, lupus erythematosus and type 2 diabetes | [367] |
| 10 | 718 | 67 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Đà Nẵng Hospital | Heart failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of malignant multiple myeloma, type 2 diabetes and sepsis | [368] | |
| 11 | 456 | 9 August 2020 | 55 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Huế Central Hospital (2nd Branch) | Gastrointestinal bleeding, cardiac arrest and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure | [369] |
| 12 | 430 | 10 August 2020 | 33 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Huế Central Hospital (2nd Branch) | Respiratory arrest and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, heart disease, high blood pressure and sepsis | [370] |
| 13 | 737 | 47 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Heart failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, heart disease and high blood pressure | ||
| 14 | 436 | 66 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Huế Central Hospital (2nd Branch) | Heart failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease | [371] | |
| 15 | 522 | 68 | Male | Vietnam | Quảng Nam Province | Huế Central Hospital (2nd Branch) | Pulmonary artery occlusion and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, left kidney cancer with lung metastases and type 2 diabetes | [372] | |
| 16 | 832 | 11 August 2020 | 37 | Male | Vietnam | Quảng Trị Province | Huế Central Hospital (2nd Branch) | Heart failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of heart disease and type 1 diabetes | [373] |
| 17 | 431 | 12 August 2020 | 55 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Huế Central Hospital (2nd Branch) | Hypotension and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure and type 1 diabetes | [374] |
| 18 | 485 | 13 August 2020 | 52 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes | [375] |
| 19 | 623 | 83 | Female | Vietnam | Quảng Nam Province | Huế Central Hospital (2nd Branch) | Septic shock, total organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of myelosuppression, sigmoid colon tumor, malnutrition | [376] | |
| 20 | 479 | 87 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Surgical site infection and COVID-19 | Had a history of heart disease, type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure | ||
| 21 | 585 | 14 August 2020 | 61 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity | [377] |
| 22 | 702 | 15 August 2020 | 63 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Septic shock, total organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure and heart disease | [378] |
| 23 | 699 | 75 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and heart disease | [379] | |
| 24 | 575 | 16 August 2020 | 82 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Septic shock, respiratory arrest and COVID-19 | Had a history of meningitis | [380] |
| 25 | 698 | 18 August 2020 | 51 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Đà Nẵng Hospital for Lung Diseases | Septic shock, total organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of ovarian cancer metastasis to the abdomen, kidney stones, urinary tract infections | [381] |
| 26 | 666 | 22 August 2020 | 93 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Septic shock, total organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, heart disease, high blood pressure | [382] |
| 27 | 577 | 23 August 2020 | 73 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Đà Nẵng Hospital | Septic shock, total organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure and anemia | [383] |
| 28 | 758 | 26 August 2020 | 36 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Septic shock, total organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, peritoneal dialysis, heart disease and high blood pressure | [384] |
| 29 | 827 | 66 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Septic shock, total organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease and high blood pressure | [385] | |
| 30 | 696 | 27 August 2020 | 51 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Septic shock, total organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, heart disease and high blood pressure | [386] |
| 31 | 996 | 29 August 2020 | 28 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Đà Nẵng Hospital for Lung Diseases | Septic shock, total organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of acute lymphocytic leukemia, myelosuppression. | [387] |
| 32 | 957 | 67 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, cerebrovascular accident and hemiplegia | [388] | |
| 33 | 742 | 31 August 2020 | 69 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Đà Nẵng Hospital for Lung Diseases | Septic shock, total organ failure, respiratory arrest and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, heart disease, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes | [389] |
| 34 | 1,040 | 55 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | At home | COVID-19 | Had a history of Guillain-barre syndrome, type 2 diabetes | [390] | |
| 35 | 761 | 3 September 2020 | 83 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Respiratory arrest and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure and gastrointestinal bleeding | [391] |
| 36 | 3,839 | 15 May 2021 | 89 | Female | Vietnam | Bắc Ninh Province | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) (NHTD #2) | Respiratory arrest and COVID-19 | Had a history of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and collapsed vertebrae | [392] |
| 37 | 3,055 | 17 May 2021 | 34 | Male | Vietnam | Bắc Ninh Province | NHTD #2 | Traumatic brain injury and COVID-19 | Brain injury due to traffic accident | [393] |
| 38 | 3,197 | 20 May 2021 | 64 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of liver cancer | [394] |
| 39 | 3,554 | 81 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of cirrhosis, diabetes, hypertension, gout | [395] | |
| 40 | 3,028 | 21 May 2021 | 70 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of diabetes and stroke | [396] |
| 41 | 3,653 | 89 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Đà Nẵng Hospital for Lung Diseases | Septic shock, respiratory arrest and COVID-19 | Had a history of heart disease, high blood pressure and gastritis | [397] | |
| 42 | 3,022 | 23 May 2021 | 72 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Total organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high blood pressure | [398] |
| 43 | 3,015 | 24 May 2021 | 50 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, multiple organ failure, sepsis, gastrointestinal bleeding and COVID-19 | Had a history of cirrhosis | [399] |
| 44 | 4,807 | 38 | Female | Vietnam | Bắc Giang Province | Bắc Giang General Hospital | Septic shock and COVID-19 | The first case died without any underlying disease | [400] | |
| 45 | 3,760 | 26 May 2021 | 67 | Female | Vietnam | Bắc Ninh Province | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, heart failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, hypothyroidism, diabetes and obesity | [401] |
| 46 | 3,881 | 27 May 2021 | 81 | Male | Vietnam | Bắc Ninh Province | NHTD #2 | Septic shock and COVID-19 | [402] | |
| 47 | 3,026 | 28 May 2021 | 22 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, fungal bloodstream infection and COVID-19 | Had a history of bone marrow failure. Youngest patient died by COVID-19 | [403] |
| 48 | 3,354 | 1 June 2021 | 76 | Male | Vietnam | Lạng Sơn Province | NHTD #2 | Multiple organ failure, hypovolemic shock and COVID-19 | [404] | |
| 49 | 5,463 | 2 June 2021 | 37 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Tropical Diseases | Septic shock, sepsis and COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease and peritoneal dialysis | [405] |
| 50 | 3,780 | 4 June 2021 | 67 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, multiple organ failure, sepsis and COVID-19 | Had a history of lung cancer brain metastases | [406] |
| 51 | 3,153 | 63 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of ankylosing spondylitis | [407] | |
| 52 | 4,369 | 5 June 2021 | 35 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of colon cancer lung metastases | [408] |
| 53 | 3,018 | 53 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, multiple organ failure, aspergillosis and COVID-19 | Had a history of polyneuropathy | [409] | |
| 54 | 3,422 | 8 June 2021 | 51 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, gastrointestinal bleeding and COVID-19 | Had a history of toxic hepatitis | [410] |
| 55 | 4,632 | 88 | Female | Vietnam | Bắc Giang Province | Bắc Giang Lung Hospital | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease and senility | [411] | |
| 56 | 4,115 | 11 June 2021 | 65 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of cervical cancer | [412] |
| 57 | 3,595 | 59 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of gallbladder cancer | ||
| 58 | 4,118 | 12 June 2021 | 64 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of lung cancer | [413] |
| 59 | 5,355 | 13 June 2021 | 76 | Male | Vietnam | Bắc Ninh Province | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of polyarthritis, duodenal ulcer | [414] |
| 60 | 8,512 | 14 June 2021 | 87 | Female | Vietnam | Bắc Ninh Province | NHTD #2 | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of heart disease, high blood pressure and parkinson's disease | [415] |
| 61 | 4,731 | 60 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, aspergillosis and COVID-19 | Had a history of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | ||
| 62 | 8,217 | 18 June 2021 | 71 | Female | Vietnam | Tây Ninh Province | Bến Cầu Medical Centre | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of tuberculosis, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes | [416] |
| 63 | 12,151 | 19 June 2021 | 90 | Female | Vietnam | Bắc Giang Province | Bắc Giang Psychiatric Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, necrosis of the left forearm and senility | [417] |
| 64 | 3,866 | 67 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, candidiasis and COVID-19 | Had a history of bronchial cancer | ||
| 65 | 4,391 | 20 June 2021 | 53 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and high blood pressure | [418] |
| 66 | 6,043 | 80 | Male | Vietnam | Bắc Ninh Province | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, kidney disease and asthma | ||
| 67 | 11,592 | 21 June 2021 | 75 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Củ Chi COVID-19 Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure, sepsis and COVID-19 | Had a history of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia | [419][420] |
| 68 | 6,891 | 86 | Female | Vietnam | Bắc Giang Province | Bắc Giang General Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of heart disease and senility | ||
| 69 | 12,007 | 67 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Củ Chi COVID-19 Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and Cushing's syndrome | ||
| 70 | 11,793 | 23 June 2021 | 61 | Female | Vietnam | Tiền Giang Province | Tiền Giang Hospital of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes | [421] |
| 71 | 13,082 | 24 June 2021 | 88 | Male | Vietnam | Bắc Giang Province | Bắc Giang Psychiatric Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure and senility | [422] |
| 72 | 11,081 | 82 | Male | Vietnam | Bắc Giang Province | Bắc Giang Psychiatric Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, diabetes, gout and senility | ||
| 73 | 9,830 | 25 June 2021 | 44 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Phạm Ngọc Thạch Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of type 2 diabetes | [423] |
| 74 | 11,456 | 68 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Phạm Ngọc Thạch Hospital | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure and diabetes | ||
| 75 | 9,779 | 27 June 2021 | 80 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Tropical Diseases | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, gout and Cushing's syndrome | [424][425] |
| 76 | 14,656 | 53 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Phạm Ngọc Thạch Hospital | Septic shock and COVID-19 | |||
| 77 | 13,827 | 29 June 2021 | 77 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Trưng Vương Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of cerebrovascular accident, hemiplegia and high blood pressure | [426][427] |
| 78 | 13,347 | 54 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Trưng Vương Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of kidney disease, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes | ||
| 79 | 10,474 | 64 | Female | Vietnam | Bắc Giang Province | Bắc Giang Psychiatric Hospital | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of cerebrovascular accident and polyarthritis | ||
| 80 | 9,014 | 85 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Tropical Diseases | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes | ||
| 81 | 12,938 | 30 June 2021 | 61 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Trưng Vương Hospital | Multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of tuberculosis | [428] |
| 82 | 3,799 | 2 July 2021 | 69 | Male | Vietnam | Bắc Ninh Province | Bắc Ninh General Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | [429] | |
| 83 | 15,970 | 67 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Phạm Ngọc Thạch Hospital | Heart attack and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes chronic kidney disease and prostatic hypertrophy | ||
| 84 | 11,618 | 64 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Củ Chi COVID-19 Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure, sepsis and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure and ischemic heart disease | ||
| 85 | 5,220 | 4 July 2021 | 81 | Female | Vietnam | Bắc Ninh Province | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, blood fungal infection and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure and stroke | [430] |
| 86 | 9,533 | 64 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, blood fungal infection and COVID-19 | Had a history of throat cancer | ||
| 87 | 18,265 | 5 July 2021 | 68 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Phạm Ngọc Thạch Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease | [431] |
| 88 | 16,340 | 81 | Female | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and acute adrenal insufficiency | ||
| 89 | 17,100 | 73 | Female | Vietnam | Long An Province | Long An General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, heart disease, lupus erythematosus, knee osteoarthritis, sacral ulcers and Cushing's syndrome | ||
| 90 | 19,602 | 88 | Female | Vietnam | Long An Province | Long An General Hospital | Gastrointestinal perforation and COVID-19 | Had a history of ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary tuberculosis and stroke | ||
| 91 | 13,881 | 6 July 2021 | 71 | Female | Vietnam | Nghệ An Province | Nghệ An Friendship General Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, diabetes and osteoarthritis | [432][433][434] |
| 92 | 19,182 | 62 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Tropical Diseases | Pulmonary embolism, septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation | ||
| 93 | 8,581 | 97 | Female | Vietnam | Hà Tĩnh Province | NHTD #2 | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure | ||
| 94 | 3,180 | 62 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | NHTD #2 | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, diabetes and pancreatic cancer | ||
| 95 | 17,901 | 68 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Bình Chánh District Hospital | COVID-19 | |||
| 96 | 16,339 | 64 | Female | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and adrenal failure | ||
| 97 | 20,261 | 64 | Male | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure and ischemic heart disease | ||
| 98 | 10,096 | 7 July 2021 | 67 | Female | Vietnam | Bắc Giang Province | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, multiple organ failure, heart attack and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure and diabetes | [435] |
| 99 | 13,183 | 49 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Phạm Ngọc Thạch Hospital | Septic shock, acute kidney injury and COVID-19 | |||
| 100 | 12,411 | 62 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Phạm Ngọc Thạch Hospital | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of type 2 diabetes | ||
| 101 | 13,709 | 63 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Phạm Ngọc Thạch Hospital | COVID-19 | |||
| 102 | 14,812 | 56 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Phạm Ngọc Thạch Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | |||
| 103 | 12,566 | 8 July 2021 | 74 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Trưng Vương Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of cirrhosis due to hepatitis C, liver cancer, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes | [436] |
| 104 | 13,041 | 72 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Đà Nẵng Lung Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, candidiasis and COVID-19 | Had a history of type 2 diabetes, obesity and heart disease | ||
| 105 | 10,096 | 67 | Female | Vietnam | Bắc Giang Province | NHTD #2 | There was an error in the MOH's statistics, causing this patient to appear twice in the list of deaths (the 98th death) | |||
| 106 | 15,569 | 9 July 2021 | 50 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Trưng Vương Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | [437] | |
| 107 | 13,938 | 85 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Trưng Vương Hospital | Multiple organ failure, heart failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of stroke | ||
| 108 | 20,587 | 54 | Female | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease | ||
| 109 | 20,026 | 43 | Female | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | Acute coronary syndrome and COVID-19 | Had a history of elevated liver enzymes, type 2 diabetes and thalassaemia | ||
| 110 | 21,623 | 59 | Female | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | An Hiệp commune quarantine facility | COVID-19 | Had a history of heart disease, diabetes and multi-membrane tuberculosis | ||
| 111 | 19,591 | 10 July 2021 | 59 | Female | Vietnam | Long An Province | Long An Lung Hospital | Sepsis and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure | [438] |
| 112 | 10,936 | 64 | Female | Vietnam | Bắc Giang Province | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of diabetes and thyroid nodules | ||
| 113 | 13,099 | 11 July 2021 | 79 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Phạm Ngọc Thạch Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of tuberculosis and type 2 diabetes | [439] |
| 114 | 12,967 | 61 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Phạm Ngọc Thạch Hospital | Septic shock and COVID-19 | |||
| 115 | 19,943 | 61 | Female | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and ischemic heart disease | ||
| 116 | 20,043 | 65 | Male | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of sacral ulcer, cerebrovascular accident, type 2 diabetes and Cushing's syndrome | ||
| 117 | 20,010 | 52 | Female | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes | ||
| 118 | 20,035 | 43 | Female | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of type 2 diabetes, stroke and Cushing's syndrome | ||
| 119 | 20,608 | 59 | Male | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure and cirrhosis due to hepatitis B | ||
| 120 | 26,658 | 12 July 2021 | 44 | Male | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of pleural cancer and cirrhosis | [440][441] |
| 121 | 17,053 | 74 | Male | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | Heart attack and COVID-19 | Had a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease | ||
| 122 | 19,971 | 48 | Female | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | Heart attack and COVID-19 | Had a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease and ischemic heart disease | ||
| 123 | 19,607 | 67 | Female | Vietnam | Long An Province | Long An General Hospital | Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and COVID-19 | Had a history of decompensated cirrhosis, hepatitis B and heart disease | ||
| 124 | 20,023 | 78 | Female | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of gastrointestinal infections, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and liver cancer | ||
| 125 | 20,025 | 63 | Female | Vietnam | Đồng Tháp Province | Sa Đéc General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease and Cushing's syndrome | ||
| 126 | 17,488 | 13 July 2021 | 38 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Củ Chi COVID-19 Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of chronic kidney disease | [442][443] |
| 127 | 14,625 | 39 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Phạm Ngọc Thạch Hospital | Septic shock, kidney failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of tuberculosis | ||
| 128 | 13,298 | 61 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Phạm Ngọc Thạch Hospital | Kidney failure and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure | ||
| 129 | 18,753 | 48 | Female | Vietnam | Đồng Nai Province | Đồng Nai Lung Hospital | Heart attack and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, obesity, abnormal liver enzymes and lipid disorder | ||
| 130 | 12,451 | 55 | Male | Vietnam | Bắc Giang Province | NHTD #2 | Septic shock, pneumothorax and COVID-19 | Had a history of cirrhosis | ||
| 131 | 2,983 | 65 | Female | Vietnam | An Giang Province | Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Tropical Diseases | Septic shock, brain hemorrhage and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure and diabetes | ||
| 132 | 17,165 | 77 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Tropical Diseases | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes | ||
| 133 | 21,842 | 14 July 2021 | 87 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Tropical Diseases | Septic shock, heart attack and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure and senility | [444] |
| 134 | 27,272 | 67 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Tropical Diseases | Septic shock, multiple organ failure, trichosporon asahii skin infection and COVID-19 | Had a history of arthritis and stroke | ||
| 135 | 16,223 | 83 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Tropical Diseases | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, senility and heart attack | ||
| 136 | 18,453 | 80 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Tropical Diseases | Septic shock and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and heart disease | ||
| 137 | 19,614 | 65 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Cần Giờ COVID-19 Hospital | Septic shock, multiple organ failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes | ||
| 138 | 25,574 | 42 | Male | Vietnam | Long An Province | En-route to hospital | Heart failure, subcutaneous emphysema and COVID-19 | Had a history of bronchial asthma and obesity | ||
| Other causes and unconfirmed deaths | ||||||||||
| 1 | 418 | 18 August 2020 | 61 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Huế Central Hospital (2nd Branch) | Septic shock and chronic kidney failure | Tested negative four times for COVID-19 | [445] |
| 2 | 453 | 26 August 2020 | 56 | Female | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Septic shock, heart failure and chronic kidney failure | Tested negative three times for COVID-19 | [446] |
| 3 | 764 | 2 September 2020 | 67 | Male | Vietnam | Đà Nẵng | Hòa Vang Medical Centre | Septic shock and chronic kidney failure | Tested negative three times for COVID-19 | [447] |
| 4 | 2,229 | 13 February 2021 | 54 | Male | Japan | Hanoi | Hanoi Somerset West Point | Unknown | Tested positive for COVID-19 after died, the patient was autopsied but the Vietnamese government never publicly announced the cause of death | [448] |
| 5 | — | 8 June 2021 | 57 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | En-route to hospital | Multiple organ failure | Had a history of high blood pressure and diabetes. Died before confirmed with COVID-19 | [449] |
| 6 | 17,108 | 3 July 2021 | 68 | Male | Vietnam | Phú Yên Province | Sơn Hòa District Medical Centre | COVID-19 | Had a history of stroke, unconfirmed by Vietnam's Ministry of Health | [450] |
| 7 | — | 3 July 2021 | 26 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | 30-4 Hospital | Septic shock, respiratory failure | Tested positive for COVID-19 after died. The patient was a prisoner, may infected from guards at Chí Hòa Prison | [451] |
| 8 | 21,321 | 12 July 2021 | 81 | Unknown | Vietnam | Phú Yên Province | Phú Yên General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Parkinson's disease | [452] |
| 9 | 31,605 | 54 | Unknown | Vietnam | Phú Yên Province | Phú Yên General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of diabetes and polyarthritis | ||
| 10 | 20,532 | 65 | Unknown | Vietnam | Phú Yên Province | Phú Yên General Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of high blood pressure | ||
| 11 | 33,716 | 13 July 2021 | 68 | Female | Vietnam | Phú Yên Province | At home | Unknown | Had a history of high blood pressure and diabetes. Died before tested positive for COVID-19 | [453][454] |
| 12 | — | 41 | Male | Vietnam | Tiền Giang Province | Tiền Giang Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of gout | ||
| 13 | 19,684 | 94 | Male | Vietnam | Tiền Giang Province | Tiền Giang Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital | COVID-19 | Had a history of senility | ||
| Case | Date | Age | Gender | Nationality | Place of detection | Place of treatment | Been to Wuhan, Hubei | Been to Covid-19 countries (excluding China) | Status | Note | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 January 2020 | 66 | Male | China | Ho Chi Minh City | Cho Ray Hospital | Yes | No | Discharged | [455] | |
| 2 | 28 | Yes | No | Discharged | Son of case 1 | ||||||
| 3 | 30 January 2020 | 25 | Female | Vietnam | Thanh Hoa | Thanh Hoa General Hospital | Yes | No | Discharged | [455] | |
| 4 | 29 | Male | Vinh Phuc | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases | Yes | No | Discharged | ||||
| 5 | 23 | Female | Yes | No | Discharged | ||||||
| 6 | 1 February 2020 | 25 | Female | Vietnam | Khanh Hoa | Khanh Hoa Hospital of Tropical Diseases | No | No | Discharged | Related to cases 1 and 2, first community transmission case | [455] |
| 7 | 2 February 2020 | 73 | Male | United States | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Tropical Diseases | Yes | No | Discharged | Stayed at Wuhan Tianhe International Airport before flying to Vietnam | [455] |
| 8 | 3 February 2020 | 29 | Female | Vietnam | Vinh Phuc | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | Yes | No | Discharged | [455] | |
| 9 | 4 February 2020 | 30 | Male | Vietnam | Vinh Phuc | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | Yes | No | Discharged | [455] | |
| 10 | 42 | Female | Binh Xuyen District Medical Centre | No | No | Discharged | Cousin of case 5 | ||||
| 11 | 6 February 2020 | 49 | Female | Vietnam | Vinh Phuc | Binh Xuyen District Medical Centre | No | No | Discharged | Mother of case 5 | [455] |
| 12 | 16 | No | No | Discharged | Sister of case 5 | ||||||
| 13 | 7 February 2020 | 29 | Female | Vietnam | Vinh Phuc | Tam Dao Health Centre | Yes | No | Discharged | [455] | |
| 14 | 9 February 2020 | 55 | Female | Vietnam | Vinh Phuc | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | Neighbor of case 5 | [455] |
| 15 | 11 February 2020 | 3 months | Female | Vietnam | Vinh Phuc | Vietnam National Children's Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Grandchildren of case 10 | [455] |
| 16 | 13 February 2020 | 50 | Male | Vietnam | Vinh Phuc | Binh Xuyen District Medical Centre | No | No | Discharged | Father of case 5 | [455] |
| 17 | 6 March 2020 | 26 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | Visited to United Kingdom, Italy and France. Related to flight VN54 cluster | [456][457] |
| 18 | 7 March 2020 | 27 | Male | Vietnam | Ninh Binh | Ninh Binh General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | Worked in Daegu | [458] |
| 19 | 64 | Female | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | Aunt of case 17 | |||
| 20 | 27 | Male | No | No | Discharged | Driver of case 17 | |||||
| 21 | 8 March 2020 | 61 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | Flight VN54 cluster | [459] |
| 22 | 60 | United Kingdom | Da Nang | Da Nang Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||
| 23 | 66 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 24 | 67 | Female | Ireland | Quang Ninh | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 25 | 50 | United Kingdom | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 26 | 74 | Male | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 27 | 70 | Female | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 28 | 69 | Male | Lao Cai | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 29 | 70 | Female | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 30 | 66 | Thua Thien Hue | Hue Central Hospital (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 31 | 9 March 2020 | 49 | Male | United Kingdom | Quang Nam | Hue Central Hospital (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | Flight VN54 cluster | [460] |
| 32 | 10 March 2020 | 24 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Tropical Diseases | No | Yes | Discharged | Friend of case 17 in London | [461] |
| 33 | 58 | Male | United Kingdom | Quang Nam | Hue Central Hospital (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | Flight VN54 cluster | [462] | |
| 34 | 51 | Female | Vietnam | Binh Thuan | Binh Thuan General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | Visited United States and Qatar | ||
| 35 | 11 March 2020 | 29 | Female | Vietnam | Da Nang | Da Nang Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Related to cases 22 and 23 in Da Nang | |
| 36 | 64 | Binh Thuan | Binh Thuan General Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Helper of case 34 | ||||
| 37 | 37 | No | No | Discharged | Employee of case 34 | ||||||
| 38 | 28 | No | No | Discharged | Daughter-in-law of case 34 | ||||||
| 39 | 25 | Male | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | Tour guide of case 24 | [463] | ||
| 40 | 12 March 2020 | 59 | Male | Vietnam | Binh Thuan | Binh Thuan General Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Husband of case 34 | |
| 41 | 28 | No | No | Discharged | Son of case 34 | ||||||
| 42 | 2 | Female | No | No | Discharged | Granddaughter of case 34 | |||||
| 43 | 47 | No | No | Discharged | Close contact with case 38 | ||||||
| 44 | 13 | Male | No | No | Discharged | Son of case 37 | |||||
| 45 | 13 March 2020 | 25 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Close contact with case 34 | |
| 46 | 30 | Female | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | Flight attendant on flight VN54 | |||
| 47 | 43 | No | No | Discharged | Helper of case 17 | ||||||
| 48 | 14 March 2020 | 31 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Close contact with case 34 | |
| 49 | 71 | United Kingdom | Thua Thien Hue | Hue Central Hospital (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | Husband of case 30 | |||
| 50 | 24 | Female | Vietnam | Quang Ninh | 2nd Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 51 | 50 | Male | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||
| 52 | 22 | Female | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 53 | 53 | Male | Czech Republic | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 54 | 15 March 2020 | 33 | Male | Latvia | Ho Chi Minh City | Can Gio District Medical Centre | No | Yes | Discharged | [464][465] | |
| 55 | 35 | Germany | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||
| 56 | 30 | United Kingdom | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 57 | 66 | United Kingdom | Quang Nam | Quang Nam General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | Flight VN54 cluster | |||
| 58 | 16 March 2020 | 26 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | [464] | |
| 59 | 30 | No | Yes | Discharged | Flight attendant on flight VN54 | ||||||
| 60 | 29 | Male | France | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 61 | 42 | Vietnam | Ninh Thuan | Ninh Thuan General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | Visited Malaysia | |||
| 62 | 17 March 2020 | 18 | Male | Vietnam | Quang Ninh | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | [464] | |
| 63 | 20 | Female | Hanoi | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 64 | 36 | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 65 | 28 | No | No | Discharged | Colleague of case 45 and 48 | ||||||
| 66 | 21 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 67 | 18 March 2020 | 36 | Male | Vietnam | Ninh Thuan | Ninh Thuan General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | Visited Malaysia | [464] |
| 68 | 41 | United States | Da Nang | Da Nang Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||
| 69 | 30 | Germany | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||
| 70 | 19 | Vietnam | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 71 | 19 | Female | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 72 | 25 | France | No | Yes | Discharged | Girlfriend of case 60 | |||||
| 73 | 11 | Male | Vietnam | Hai Duong | Thanh Mien District Medical Centre | No | Yes | Discharged | Flight VN54 cluster | ||
| 74 | 23 | Bac Ninh | Bac Ninh General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 75 | 40 | Female | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||
| 76 | 52 | Male | France | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 77 | 19 March 2020 | 25 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | [464] | |
| 78 | 22 | Male | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 79 | 48 | Female | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||
| 80 | 18 | Male | No | Yes | Discharged | Son of case 79 | |||||
| 81 | 20 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 82 | 16 | Female | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 83 | 50 | United States | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 84 | 21 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 85 | 20 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 86 | 20 March 2020 | 54 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | Bach Mai Hospital nurses | [464] |
| 87 | 34 | No | No | Discharged | |||||||
| 88 | 25 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 89 | 22 | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 90 | 21 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 91 | 43 | Male | United Kingdom | Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Tropical Diseases & Cho Ray Hospital[466] | No | Yes | Discharged | Pilot of Vietnam Airlines, related to Bar Buddha cluster | |||
| 92 | 21 March 2020 | 21 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | [464] | |
| 93 | 20 | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 94 | 64 | Female | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 95 | 22 March 2020 | 20 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | [464] | |
| 96 | 21 | Female | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 97 | 34 | Male | United Kingdom | Can Gio District Medical Centre | No | Yes | Discharged | Related to Bar Buddha cluster | |||
| 98 | 34 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 99 | 29 | Vietnam | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 100 | 55 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 101 | 26 | Female | Dong Thap | Sa Dec General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | Passengers on flight VN50 | |||
| 102 | 9 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 103 | 22 | Male | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 104 | 33 | Female | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 105 | 35 | Tra Vinh | Tra Vinh Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 106 | 20 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 107 | 25 | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | Daughter of case 86 | ||||
| 108 | 19 | Male | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 109 | 42 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 110 | 19 | Female | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 111 | 25 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 112 | 30 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 113 | 18 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 114 | 23 March 2020 | 19 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | [464] | |
| 115 | 44 | Female | No | Yes | Discharged | Daughter of case 94 | |||||
| 116 | 29 | Male | No | No | Discharged | Doctor who infected from his patients | |||||
| 117 | 30 | Tay Ninh | Tay Ninh General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | Visited Cambodia | ||||
| 118 | 23 | Female | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 119 | 29 | Male | United States | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 120 | 27 | Canada | No | Yes | Discharged | Close contact with case 91 | |||||
| 121 | 58 | Vietnam | Can Gio District Medical Centre | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 122 | 24 | Female | Da Nang | Da Nang Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | Worked as a bartender in Bangkok, Thailand | |||
| 123 | 17 | Ben Tre | Binh Dai District Medical Centre | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 124 | 24 March 2020 | 52 | Male | Brazil | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Related to Bar Buddha cluster | [467] |
| 125 | 22 | Female | South Africa | Can Gio District Medical Centre | No | No | Discharged | ||||
| 126 | 28 | Male | Can Gio District Medical Centre | No | No | Discharged | |||||
| 127 | 23 | Vietnam | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | No | Discharged | |||||
| 128 | 20 | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 129 | 20 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 130 | 30 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 131 | 23 | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||||
| 132 | 25 | Female | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 133 | 66 | Lai Chau | No | No | Discharged | Infected from Bach Mai Hospital | |||||
| 134 | 10 | Male | Thanh Hoa | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 135 | 25 March 2020 | 27 | Female | Vietnam | Da Nang | Da Nang Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | [467] | |
| 136-140 | 21-36 | 3 males, 2 females | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | 5 Discharged | |||
| 141 | 29 | Male | Vietnam | No | No | Discharged | Doctor infected by his patients | ||||
| 142 | 26 March 2020 | 26 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Can Gio District Medical Centre | No | Yes | Discharged | ||
| 143 | 58 | Female | South Africa | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||
| 144 | 22 | Male | Vietnam | Tra Vinh | Tra Vinh Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 145 | 34 | Male | Vietnam | Can Tho | Can Tho Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 146 | 17 | Female | Vietnam | Ha Tinh | Cau Treo General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 147 | 19 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 148 | 58 | France | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||||
| 149 | 40 | Male | Vietnam | Quang Ninh | 2nd Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 150 | 55 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Can Gio District Medical Centre | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 151 | 45 | Female | Brazil | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Close contact with case 124 | |||
| 152 | 27 | Female | Vietnam | Can Gio District Medical Centre | No | No | Discharged | Sister of case 127 | |||
| 153 | 60 | Female | Vietnam | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||
| 154 | 27 March 2020 | 23 | Female | Vietnam | Can Tho | Can Tho Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | ||
| 155-156 | 21 | 1 male, 1 female | Vietnam | Bac Lieu | Bac Lieu General Hospital | No | Yes | 2 Discharged | |||
| 157 | 31 | Female | United Kingdom | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Related to Bar Buddha cluster | ||
| 158 | 45 | Male | Brazil | No | No | Discharged | |||||
| 159 | 33 | Male | Brazil | Can Gio District Medical Centre | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||
| 160 | 30 | Female | Vietnam | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 161 | 88 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | Infected from Bach Mai Hospital | ||
| 162 | 63 | Female | Vietnam | No | No | Discharged | Daughter-in-law of case 161 | ||||
| 163 | 43 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | Grand daughter of case 161 | |||
| 164-166 | 28 March 2020 | 23-58 | 2 males, 1 female | Vietnam | Ninh Binh | Ninh Binh General Hospital | No | Yes | 3 Discharged | ||
| 167 | 20 | Female | Denmark | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 168 | 49 | Females | Vietnam | Ha Nam | Ha Nam General Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Working at Bach Mai Hospital | ||
| 169 | 49 | Females | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | |||
| 170 | 27 | Male | Vietnam | Ninh Binh | Kim Son District General Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Related to Bach Mai Hospital cluster | ||
| 171 | 19 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 172 | 35 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | Daughter-in-law of case 133 | ||
| 173 | 43 | Female | Vietnam | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 174 | 57 | Female | Vietnam | No | No | Discharged | Working at Bach Mai Hospital | ||||
| 175-177 | 29 March 2020 | 38-57 | 1 male, 2 females | Vietnam | Hanoi | No | No | 3 Discharged | |||
| 178 | 44 | Female | Vietnam | Thai Nguyen | No | No | Discharged | ||||
| 179 | 62 | Male | Vietnam | Thanh Hoa | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 180-182 | 19-33 | 1 male, 2 females | Vietnam | Ninh Binh | Ninh Binh General Hospital | No | Yes | 3 Discharged | |||
| 183 | 43 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | Close contact with case 148 | ||
| 184 | 42 | Female | Vietnam | No | No | Discharged | Working at Bach Mai Hospital | ||||
| 185 | 38 | Male | Vietnam | No | No | Discharged | Infected from Bach Mai Hospital | ||||
| 186 | 52 | Female | France | No | Yes | Discharged | Wife of case 76 | ||||
| 187 | 30 | Male | United States | No | Yes | Discharged | |||||
| 188 | 44 | Female | Vietnam | Ha Nam | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | Working at Bach Mai Hospital | ||
| 189-196 | 30 March 2020 | 21-49 | 8 females | Vietnam | Hanoi | No | No | 8 Discharged | |||
| 197 | 41 | Male | Vietnam | No | No | Discharged | Infected from Bach Mai Hospital | ||||
| 198-202 | 23-61 | 5 females | Vietnam | No | No | 5 Discharged | Working at Bach Mai Hospital | ||||
| 203 | 35 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Can Gio District Medical Centre | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 204 | 31 March 2020 | 10 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City Children's Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 205 | 41 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | Working at Bach Mai Hospital | ||
| 206 | 48 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Driver of cases 124 and 151 | ||
| 207 | 49 | Male | Brazil | No | No | Discharged | Husband of case 151 and colleague of case 124 | ||||
| 208 | 1 April 2020 | 38 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | Working at Bach Mai Hospital | |
| 209 | 55 | Female | Vietnam | No | No | Discharged | Related to case 163 | ||||
| 210 | 26 | Female | Vietnam | Ha Tinh | Cau Treo General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 211 | 23 | Female | Vietnam | Ninh Binh | Ninh Binh General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 212 | 35 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 213 | 40 | Female | Vietnam | No | No | Discharged | Related to Bach Mai Hospital cluster | ||||
| 214-215 | 31-45 | 1 male, 1 female | Vietnam | No | No | 2 Discharged | Working at Bach Mai Hospital | ||||
| 216-218 | 25-48 | 3 females | Vietnam | No | Yes | 3 Discharged | |||||
| 219 | 2 April 2020 | 59 | Female | Vietnam | No | No | Discharged | Related to case 133 and infected from Bach Mai Hospital | |||
| 220-222 | 20-28 | 1 male, 2 females | Vietnam | No | Yes | 3 Discharged | |||||
| 223 | 29 | Female | Vietnam | No | No | Discharged | Working at Bach Mai Hospital | ||||
| 224 | 39 | Male | Brazil | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Related to case 158 | ||
| 225-226 | 22-35 | 2 males | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | 2 Discharged | |||
| 227 | 31 | Male | Vietnam | No | No | Discharged | Son of case 209 | ||||
| 228 | 3 April 2020 | 29 | Male | Vietnam | Ninh Binh | Ninh Binh General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | ||
| 229 | 30 | Female | Vietnam | Nho Quan District General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||
| 230 | 28 | Female | Vietnam | Ninh Binh General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||
| 231 | 57 | Female | Vietnam | Ha Nam | Ha Nam General Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Working at Bach Mai Hospital | ||
| 232-233 | 24-67 | 1 male, 1 female | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | 2 Discharged | |||
| 234 | 69 | Female | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Can Gio District Medical Centre | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 235-236 | 25-26 | 1 male, 1 female | United Kingdom | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | No | 2 Discharged | Related to Bar Buddha cluster | |||
| 237 | 64 | Male | Sweden | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 238 | 4 April 2020 | 17 | Female | Vietnam | Ha Tinh | Cau Treo General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | Close contact with case 210 | |
| 239 | 71 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | No | Discharged | Infected from Bach Mai Hospital | ||
| 240 | 29 | Female | Vietnam | Ninh Binh | Ninh Binh General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | Working in Bangkok, Thailand and related to case 166 | ||
| 241 | 5 April 2020 | 20 | Male | Vietnam | Bac Lieu | Bac Lieu General Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | ||
| 242 | 6 April 2020 | 34 | Female | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | ||
| 243 | 47 | Male | Vietnam | No | No | Discharged | Infected in Bach Mai Hospital | ||||
| 244-245 | 21-44 | 2 females | Vietnam | No | Yes | 2 Discharged | Passengers on flight SU290 | ||||
| 246 | 7 April 2020 | 33 | Male | Vietnam | No | Yes | Discharged | ||||
| 247 | 28 | Male | Vietnam | Dong Nai | Dong Nai Lung Hospital | No | No | Discharged | Close contact with cases 124 and 151 | ||
| 248 | 20 | Male | Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh City | Cu Chi Field Hospital | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 249 | 55 | Male | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (2nd Branch) | No | Yes | Discharged | |||
| 250 | 8 April 2020 | 50 | Female | Vietnam | No | No | Discharged | Neighbour of case 243 |
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Mathieu, Edouard; Ritchie, Hannah; Rodés-Guirao, Lucas; Appel, Cameron; Giattino, Charlie; Hasell, Joe; Macdonald, Bobbie; Dattani, Saloni; Beltekian, Diana; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban; Roser, Max (2020–2024). "Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)". Our World in Data. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
- ^ "COVID - Coronavirus Statistics - Worldometer".
- ^ a b c d e f "Báo cáo 340/BC-BYT 2022 tình hình dịch và kết quả triển khai công tác phòng, chống Covid-19 ngày 13/3". Vietnam Ministry of Health. 14 March 2022.
- ^ "Bộ Y tế ước tính ca mắc COVID-19 ở TPHCM có thể cao gấp 4-5 lần". VTC News. 13 August 2021. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021.
- ^ "TẬP TRUNG ĐẨY NHANH TIẾN ĐỘ TIÊM CHỦNG VẮC XIN PHÒNG COVID-19 TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ". 21 November 2022.
- ^ La, Viet-Phuong; Pham, Thanh-Hang; Ho, Manh-Toan; Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; P. Nguyen, Khanh-Linh; Vuong, Thu-Trang; Nguyen, Hong-Kong T.; Tran, Trung; Khuc, Quy (7 April 2020). "Policy Response, Social Media and Science Journalism for the Sustainability of the Public Health System Amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Vietnam Lessons". Sustainability. 12 (7): 2931. doi:10.3390/su12072931. ISSN 2071-1050.
- ^ Coleman, Justine (23 January 2020). "Vietnam reports first coronavirus cases". The Hill. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
- ^ a b Lê, Phương (23 January 2020). "Hai người viêm phổi Vũ Hán cách ly tại Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy". VnExpress.
- ^ a b Thúy Quỳnh (15 February 2020). "Tại sao một bệnh nhân Vĩnh Phúc lây virus corona 6 người?". VnExpress.
- ^ a b Lê Hiệp; Liên Châu (31 July 2020). "Việt Nam có ca Covid-19 đầu tiên tử vong, là bệnh nhân 428". Thanh Niên.
- ^ a b c d e f "Emerging COVID-19 success story: Vietnam's commitment to containment". Our World in Data. 5 March 2021.
- ^ a b "Những khách quốc tế đầu tiên trở lại Việt Nam" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ "Việt Nam suspends foreign entry, starting March 22". vietnamnews.vn. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
- ^ Le Nga (14 July 2021). "Vietnam reverts to 14-day quarantine for entrants". VnExpress.
- ^ Mai Ngoc Chau; Nguyen Dieu Tu Uyen; Xuan Quynh Nguyen (5 May 2021). "Vietnam Intensifies Border Checks to Stem 'Very Worrisome' Outbreak". Bloomberg News.
- ^ Bohane, Hugh (13 May 2021). "COVID-19 Worries Return to Vietnam". The Diplomat.
- ^ a b Sen Nguyen; Jitsiree Thongnoi (13 May 2021). "Vaccination drives stutter as new Covid-19 waves hit Vietnam, Thailand". South China Morning Post.
- ^ "Cập nhật số ca nhiễm Covid-19 hôm nay mới nhất trên VnExpress". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam locks down capital Hanoi as COVID-19 infections soar". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
- ^ a b Nguyen, Le Dong Hai (13 August 2021). "Was Vietnam's Chinese COVID-19 Vaccine Debacle Just a Stunt?". The Diplomat. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
- ^ a b VnExpress. "Covid-19 hạ nhiệt". vnexpress.net (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 13 April 2022.
- ^ VnExpress. "Thủ tướng: Covid-19 không còn là bệnh truyền nhiễm đặc biệt nguy hiểm". vnexpress.net (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ^ a b Dat Nguyen; Hoang Phuong (17 June 2020). "With jobs lost to Covid-19, Vietnamese struggle to make ends meet". VnExpress. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- ^ "Vietnam real GDP growth slows to 2.58% in 2021 as pandemic drags". Nikkei Asia. 29 December 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ "Người Việt Nam đầu tiên tiêm vaccine COVID-19: Không có gì phải lo sợ!" (in Vietnamese). VTV. 8 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ "Ngày 3/12: Có 13.670 ca COVID-19 tại 59 tỉnh, thành phố; Hà Nội cao kỷ lục với 791 ca mắc". Sức khỏe & Đời sống/Ministry of Health. 3 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
- ^ a b "Việt Nam phê duyệt khẩn cấp vaccine của Cuba". VnExpress. 18 September 2021.
- ^ a b "Ministry approves Indian Covaxin COVID-19 vaccine". VietnamPlus. Vietnam News Agency. 10 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Việt Nam phê duyệt khẩn cấp vắc xin Covaxin của Ấn Độ". Vietnamnet. 10 November 2021.
- ^ Wu, Fan; Zhao, Su; Yu, Bin; Chen, Yan-Mei; Wang, Wen; Song, Zhi-Gang; Hu, Yi; Tao, Zhao-Wu; Tian, Jun-Hua; Pei, Yuan-Yuan; Yuan, Ming-Li (3 February 2020). "A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China". Nature. 579 (7798): 265–269. Bibcode:2020Natur.579..265W. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 7094943. PMID 32015508.
- ^ Tyrrell, David A. J.; Myint, Steven H. (1996), Baron, Samuel (ed.), "Coronaviruses", Medical Microbiology (4th ed.), University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, ISBN 978-0-9631172-1-2, PMID 21413266, retrieved 5 February 2020
- ^ a b c d Kahn, Jeffrey S.; McIntosh, Kenneth (2005). "History and Recent Advances in Coronavirus Discovery". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 24 (11): S223–7, discussion S226. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000188166.17324.60. ISSN 0891-3668. PMID 16378050. S2CID 10654941.
- ^ Al-Omari, Awad; Rabaan, Ali A.; Salih, Samer; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Memish, Ziad A. (2019). "MERS coronavirus outbreak: Implications for emerging viral infections". Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 93 (3): 265–285. doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.10.011. ISSN 1879-0070. PMC 7127703. PMID 30413355.
- ^ To, Kelvin K. W.; Hung, Ivan F. N.; Chan, Jasper F. W.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung (2013). "From SARS coronavirus to novel animal and human coronaviruses". Journal of Thoracic Disease. 5 (Suppl 2): S103–S108. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.06.02. ISSN 2072-1439. PMC 3747523. PMID 23977429.
- ^ Sun J, He WT, Wang L, Lai A, Ji X, Zhai X, et al. (2020). "COVID-19: Epidemiology, Evolution, and Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 26 (5): 483–495. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.008. PMC 7118693. PMID 32359479.
- ^ Huang, Chaolin; Wang, Yeming; Li, Xingwang; Ren, Lili; Zhao, Jianping; Hu, Yi; Zhang, Li; Fan, Guohui; Xu, Jiuyang; Gu, Xiaoying; Cheng, Zhenshun (15 February 2020). "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China". The Lancet. 395 (10223): 497–506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7159299. PMID 31986264.
- ^ Josephine Ma (13 March 2020). "China's first confirmed Covid-19 case traced back to November 17". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- ^ Davidson, Helen (13 March 2020). "First Covid-19 case happened in November, China government records show—report". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ^ Margolin, Josh; Meek, James Gordon (8 April 2020). "Intelligence report warned of coronavirus crisis as early as November: Sources". ABC News. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
- ^ Holshue, Michelle L.; DeBolt, Chas; Lindquist, Scott; Lofy, Kathy H.; Wiesman, John; Bruce, Hollianne; Spitters, Christopher; Ericson, Keith; Wilkerson, Sara; Tural, Ahmet; Diaz, George; Cohn, Amanda; Fox, LeAnne; Patel, Anita; Gerber, Susan I.; Kim, Lindsay; Tong, Suxiang; Lu, Xiaoyan; Lindstrom, Steve; Pallansch, Mark A.; Weldon, William C.; Biggs, Holly M.; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Pillai, Satish K. (5 March 2020). "First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States". New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (10): 929–936. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001191. PMC 7092802. PMID 32004427.
- ^ "Previously unknown virus may be causing pneumonia outbreak in China, WHO says". CBC. 9 January 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ Elsevier. "Novel Coronavirus Information Center". Elsevier Connect. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ^ Reynolds, Matt (4 March 2020). "What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
- ^ Kuo, Lily (21 January 2020). "China confirms human-to-human transmission of coronavirus". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ^ "WHO declares China virus outbreak an international emergency". Reuters. 31 January 2020.
- ^ a b c Gan, Nectar (29 May 2020). "How Vietnam managed to keep its coronavirus death toll at zero". CNN.
- ^ Ramraj, Victor V., ed. (2020). Covid-19 in Asia: Law and Policy Contexts. Oxford University Press. p. 59. ISBN 9780197553831.
- ^ "Vietnam (VNM) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners". oec.world.
- ^ "Vietnam – China import-export turnover reaches US$ 117 billion". Nhân Dân.
- ^ "Emerging COVID-19 success story: Vietnam's commitment to containment". Our World in Data.
- ^ "Mortality Analyses". Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center.
- ^ Ngày 31/10: Ca COVID-19 mới tiếp tục tăng
- ^ Số liệu Covid-19 tại Việt Nam VnExpress
- ^ Delta variant threatens to overload Vietnam's healthcare system: experts VnExpress
- ^ Daily COVID-19 update VnExpress
- ^ Changing approach to COVID-19: Bringing life back to normal soon Daily COVID-19 update Bac Lieu Province Newspaper
- ^ Phan, Lan T.; Nguyen, Thuong V.; Luong, Quang C.; Nguyen, Thinh V.; Nguyen, Hieu T.; Le, Hung Q.; Nguyen, Thuc T.; Cao, Thang M.; Pham, Quang D. (27 February 2020). "Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam". The New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (9): 872–874. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2001272. PMC 7121428. PMID 31991079.
- ^ Thiên Chương (23 January 2020). "Hai ca dương tính nCoV đang điều trị tại BV Chợ Rẫy". Sức khỏe & Đời sống/Ministry of Health (Vietnam).
- ^ Huy Thanh; Nguyễn Hưởng; Văn Duẩn (3 March 2020). "Trong "tâm dịch" Sơn Lôi trước giờ G dỡ bỏ lệnh phong tỏa, cách ly". Người lao động (in Vietnamese).
- ^ Việc phân tuyến và phác đồ điều trị COVID- 19 của Việt Nam phù hợp, hiệu quả. Bạch Mai Hospital. 21 February 2020
- ^ Vietnam confirms 17th Covid-19 patient. VnExpress. 7 March 2020
- ^ Bước đầu xác định nguồn lây nhiễm chính ở BV Bạch Mai. Ministry of Health (Vietnam). 30 March 2020
- ^ Phạm Hùng (2 April 2020). "Cơ bản kiểm soát được ổ dịch COVID-19 tại Bệnh viện Bạch Mai". Vietnam News Agency. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ Hà An (1 April 2020). "'Cuộc chiến' dập ổ dịch Buddha Bar & Grill". VnExpress (in Vietnamese).
- ^ Bảo Loan (9 April 2020). "Bên trong thôn Hạ Lôi những ngày phong tỏa". Gia đình & Xã hội/Ministry of Health (Vietnam).
- ^ "Dừng bay quốc tế đến Việt Nam từ 1/4". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 31 March 2020.
- ^ HIỂU ĐÚNG về yêu cầu cách ly xã hội. Ministry of Health (Vietnam). 2 April 2020
- ^ Công bố dịch COVID-19 toàn quốc. Ministry of Health. 1 April 2020
- ^ Quốc tế đánh giá Việt Nam phòng chống đại dịch COVID-19 hiệu quả. Ministry of Health. 4 April 2020
- ^ Lê, Nga (25 July 2020). "Người nghi nhiễm ở Đà Nẵng được ghi nhận là 'bệnh nhân 416'". VnExpress (in Vietnamese).
- ^ "Thông báo khẩn số 16 của Bộ Y tế". 26 July 2020.
- ^ "Từ 0h ngày 28/7, Thành phố Đà Nẵng bắt đầu thực hiện giãn cách xã hội trong vòng 15 ngày". Ministry of Health. 27 July 2020.
- ^ Lan Anh; Xuân Long (29 July 2020). "TP.HCM, Hà Nội, Đắk Lắk ghi nhận 4 ca mắc COVID-19, Việt Nam có 450 ca". Tuổi Trẻ.
- ^ Thanh Thanh (31 July 2020). "Bệnh nhân Covid-19 thứ 2 tại Việt Nam tử vong do sốc nhiễm trùng trên nền bệnh lý nặng". Nhân Dân.
- ^ Lan Anh (1 August 2020). "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ ba tử vong tại Việt Nam". Tuổi Trẻ.
- ^ "Bản tin dịch COVID-19 trong 24h: Các ổ dịch trong nước cơ bản được kiểm soát, tiếp tục nâng cao năng lực xét nghiệm SARS-CoV-2". Sức khỏe & Đời sống/Ministry of Health (Vietnam). 21 August 2020.
- ^ Tatarski, Michael (27 September 2020). "How Vietnam crushed its second coronavirus wave". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.
- ^ Lan Anh (30 November 2020). "Nam giáo viên tiếng Anh ở TP.HCM lây COVID-19 từ người cách ly, Bộ Y tế họp khẩn". Tuổi Trẻ.
- ^ THU HIẾN; XU N MAI; MINH HÒA; CH U TUẤN (28 December 2020). "NÓNG: Thanh niên ở TP.HCM dương tính COVID-19, nhập cảnh 'chui' cùng bệnh nhân 1440". Tuổi Trẻ.
- ^ Thúy Quỳnh; Chi Lê (28 January 2021). "Cô gái Hải Dương ở Nhật nhiễm biến thể nCoV Anh". VnExpress.
- ^ "Stay-at-home orders in Vietnam Covid-19 hotspot". France 24. 15 February 2021.
- ^ Võ Hải (15 February 2021). "Hà Nội đóng cửa quán ăn đường phố, cà phê từ 0h ngày 16/2". VnExpress.
- ^ Le Nga; Thu Anh. "Vietnam records 40 new coronavirus cases as Hải Dương outbreak still hard to control". VnExpress.
- ^ Xuân Long (13 February 2021). "Lơ là, chủ quan, nhiều đoàn đông người vẫn đi chúc Tết ở TP Hải Dương". Tuổi Trẻ.
- ^ Nguyen, Thinh (7 March 2021). "Vietnam begins COVID-19 vaccinations after successful virus containment". Reuters.
- ^ Belluz, Julia (23 April 2021). "Vietnam defied the experts and sealed its border to keep Covid-19 out. It worked". Vox.
- ^ "A worrying new wave of covid-19 is hitting South-East Asia". The Economist. 15 May 2021. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021.
- ^ "Health workers face toughest pandemic battle yet". Vietnam News. 22 May 2021.
- ^ "Giãn cách xã hội toàn thành phố Hà Nội từ 6h ngày 24/7" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Ministry of Health. 24 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam puts southern region in lockdown as surge grows". The Seattle Times. 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "TP HCM giới nghiêm từ tối mai" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 25 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
- ^ "'Dịch không thể kết thúc trong tháng 6'" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam PM gains vast powers to contain Ho Chi Minh City outbreak". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
- ^ "Panic buying in Vietnam's largest city before tighter COVID-19 lockdown". Euronews. 22 August 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Chủ tịch TP HCM làm Phó ban Kinh tế Trung ương" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Television. 20 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam to deploy troops, issues stay-home order as COVID-19 deaths spiral". Reuters. 20 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam's largest city announces total closure to curb pandemic". Prensa Latina. 20 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ Strangio, Sebastian (4 May 2021). "COVID-19 Stages Another Comeback in Vietnam". The Diplomat.
- ^ "Coronavirus: Vietnam ramps up border checks as imported cases rise". South China Morning Post. 5 May 2021.
- ^ Minh, Nga (5 May 2021). "Covid threat looms large as more localities report cases". VnExpress.
- ^ "Vietnam says new COVID outbreak threatens stability". Reuters. 9 May 2021.
- ^ "Delta variant threatens to overload Vietnam's healthcare system: experts". VnExpress. 3 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ^ "TPHCM đề xuất chiến lược sống chung với vi-rút COVID-19, mở cửa trở lại từ ngày 15/9" (in Vietnamese). RFA. 3 September 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ "Việt Nam chủ trương sống chung với dịch hay sống chung với vi-rút COVID-19?" (in Vietnamese). RFA. 1 September 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam PM warns of long coronavirus fight as crisis deepens". Reuters. 2 September 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ "HCM City, Hanoi accelerate testing, vaccinations against COVID-19". Vietnam Plus. 8 September 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
- ^ "Nhiều địa phương nới lỏng giãn cách, mở lại các dịch vụ" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam's Ministry of Industry and Trade. 21 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ VnExpress. "Việt Nam phát hiện ca nhiễm Omicron đầu tiên". vnexpress.net (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 13 April 2022.
- ^ "Asia's COVID success stories become the world's worst hot spots".
- ^ "Vietnam Mulls Shift to Covid Endemic Path as Virus Surges". Bloomberg.com. 4 March 2022.
- ^ "Lý do chưa coi COVID-19 là bệnh lưu hành". Báo Pháp Luật TP. Hồ Chí Minh (in Vietnamese). 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ MEDIATECH. "Phiên họp lần thứ 20 của Ban Chỉ đạo quốc gia phòng, chống dịch Covid-19". baothaibinh.com.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ^ "Bộ Y tế ngừng công bố số liệu về ca bệnh COVID-19". Người Lao Động (in Vietnamese). 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "GS.TS Nguyễn Văn Kính: "Chủng virus mới gây COVID-19 lây lan nhanh nhưng độc lực không đổi"" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Ministry of Health. 29 July 2020. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ^ "Mysterious Coronavirus Outbreak Catches Vietnam by Surprise". The New York Times. 29 July 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ^ "Cần biết: Nhiều điểm mới trong phác đồ điều trị COVID-19 lần thứ 4" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Ministry of Health. 4 August 2020. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ "Chủng Covid-19 đột biến dẫn tới tỷ lệ lây nhiễm cao" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 2 August 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- ^ "nCoV lây nhiễm bệnh nhân Đà Nẵng thuộc chủng mới" (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City Department of Health. 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
- ^ "This coronavirus mutation has taken over the world. Scientists are trying to understand why". The Washington Post. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- ^ "Deceased Japanese in Hanoi infected with new Covid-19 strain". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 24 February 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ^ Dao, M.H.; Nguyen, H.T. (27 February 2021). "New SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern Imported from the United Kingdom to Vietnam, December 2020". Journal of Medical Virology. 93 (5): 2628–2630. doi:10.1002/jmv.26908. PMC 8013811. PMID 33638484.
- ^ "Việt Nam phát hiện thêm 2 biến chủng SARS-CoV-2 mới, từ những ca bệnh nhập cảnh". VTV. 19 May 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam confirms first Omicron infection". VnExpress. 28 December 2021.
- ^ "(LEAD) Recovered virus patients retest positive due to 'dead' virus fragments: experts". Yonhap News. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ Paula Hancocks, Yoonjung Seo and Julia Hollingsworth (18 April 2020). "Recovered coronavirus patients are testing positive again. Can you get reinfected?". CNN. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ Lê Phương – Chi Lê – Lê Nga (30 April 2020). "Tại sao 'bệnh nhân 188' tái dương tính?". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ Vietnam Ministry of Health (29 April 2021). "QUYẾT ĐỊNH VỀ VIỆC BAN HÀNH HƯỚNG DẪN CHẨN ĐOÁN VÀ ĐIỀU TRỊ COVID-19 DO CHỦNG VI RÚT CORONA MỚI (SARS-COV-2)". Thư viện pháp luật (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Hướng dẫn chẩn đoán và điều trị COVID-19 do chủng vi rút Corona mới (SARS-CoV-2) theo Quyết định 3416/QĐ-BYT ngày 14/7/2021" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Ministry of Health. 14 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
- ^ "Bộ Y tế thay đổi phác đồ điều trị Covid-19" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 15 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
- ^ Reed, John; Pham, Hai Chung (24 March 2020). "Vietnam's coronavirus offensive wins praise for low-cost model". Financial Times.
- ^ Walden, Max (13 May 2020). "How has Vietnam, a developing nation in South-East Asia, done so well to combat coronavirus?". ABC News. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
- ^ "Covid Performance Index". Lowy Institute. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ a b Humphrey, Chris; Pham, Bac (14 April 2020). "Vietnam's response to coronavirus crisis earns praise from WHO". Seven News. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
- ^ Hutt, David (16 April 2020). "Vietnam poised to be big post-pandemic winner". Asia Times.
- ^ Taylor, Adam (30 April 2020). "Vietnam offers tough lessons for U.S. on coronavirus". The Washington Post.
- ^ Le, Trien Vinh; Nguyen, Huy Quynh (17 April 2020). "How Vietnam Learned From China's Coronavirus Mistakes". The Diplomat. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
- ^ "[Op-ed] Why Vietnam has been the world's number 1 country in dealing with coronavirus". 4 March 2020.
- ^ Sullivan, Michael (16 April 2020). "In Vietnam, There Have Been Fewer Than 300 COVID-19 Cases And No Deaths. Here's Why". NPR. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
- ^ "Hà Nội đặt 5 máy đo thân nhiệt tại sân bay Nội Bài". Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản. 12 January 2020.
- ^ "Vietnam May Have the Most Effective Response to Covid-19". The Nation. 24 April 2020.
- ^ "Here are four ways Vietnam has managed to control COVID-19". GAVI. 25 May 2020.
- ^ Le, Van Tan (24 February 2021). "COVID-19 control in Vietnam". Nature Immunology. 22 (261): 261. doi:10.1038/s41590-021-00882-9. PMID 33627879.
- ^ "With zero pandemic deaths, Vietnam sets the standard for COVID-19 fight". The Globe and Mail. 27 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d "How Vietnam is winning its 'war' on coronavirus". Deutsche Welle. 16 April 2020.
- ^ Yoichi Funabashi (10 August 2020). "'China literacy': Vietnam's key to combating COVID-19". The Japan Times. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- ^ "From midnight, every resident in the city cannot go out" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Ministry of Health. 15 August 2020. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- ^ "COVID-19 in Viet Nam Situation Report 41". WHO. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ Michael Sullivan (16 April 2020). "In Vietnam, There Have Been Fewer Than 300 COVID-19 Cases And No Deaths. Here's Why". NPR. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ Sean Fleming (30 March 2020). "Viet Nam shows how you can contain COVID-19 with limited resources". weforum.org. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- ^ Hartley, K., and D. S. Jarvis. 2020. "Policymaking in a Low-Trust State: Legitimacy, State Capacity, and Responses to COVID-19 in Hong Kong." Policy and Society 39 (3): 403–421.
- ^ Thùy Linh; Đặng Tiến (30 January 2020). "Việt Nam thiếu trầm trọng bộ thử xét nghiệm nCoV, phải chủ động sản xuất". Lao Động.
- ^ "Khẩn trương nghiên cứu, chế tạo bộ kit test nhanh để chủ động ứng phó dịch bệnh do nCoV gây ra". Ministry of Science and Technology (Vietnam). 31 January 2020.
- ^ ĐẶNG CHUNG (10 February 2020). "Giảng viên Đại học Bách khoa Hà Nội chế tạo được bộ kit thử nCoV nhanh-rẻ". Lao Động.
- ^ "Việt Nam bổ sung phương pháp xét nghiệm nCoV mới" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 8 August 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ^ "Viet Nam COVID-19 Situation Report #19" (PDF). WHO. 26 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.[dead link]
- ^ "Báo cáo 781/BC-BYT 2021 về tình hình dịch Covid-19" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam's Ministry of Health. 28 May 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
- ^ "Tình hình COVID ngày 17 tháng 3" (in Vietnamese). Government's Information. 17 March 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ "Kế hoạch mới xét nghiệm phát hiện SARS-CoV-2 trong giai đoạn dịch COVID-19" (in Vietnamese). WHO. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ^ "Viet Nam COVID-19 Situation Report #30" (PDF). WHO. 21 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ Coronavirus miracle? Vietnam says all its infected patients are cured. Al Jazeera (29 February 2020).
- ^ Viet Nam SARS-Free. World Health Organization (28 April 2003).
- ^ Guidance on diagnosis, treatment of acute respiratory infections caused by new strain of Corona virus (2019-nCoV). Ho Chi Minh City Office of Health (6 February 2020).
- ^ How Vietnam treating the severe COVID-19 patient?. VnExpress (26 April 2020).
- ^ Cải tiến phác đồ điều trị bệnh nhân Covid-19. VnExpress (3 August 2020).
- ^ "Lý do Việt Nam chưa dùng huyết tương chữa Covid-19" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 19 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "TP.HCM nghiên cứu giải mã trình tự gen người bệnh – để hiểu hơn về COVID-19" (in Vietnamese). Sức khoẻ và đời sống. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
- ^ Vietnam minister says vaccine rollout 'too slow' in many areas Reuters
- ^ "Đà Nẵng gấp rút lập bệnh viện dã chiến". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 1 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ "Đà Nẵng lập bệnh viện dã chiến chống Covid-19". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 31 July 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
- ^ "Cung thể thao Tiên Sơn trở thành Bệnh viện dã chiến chống Covid-19". Nhân Dân (in Vietnamese). 31 July 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
- ^ "Một ngày thần tốc lập Bệnh viện dã chiến số 2 ở Hải Dương" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 29 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ "Mô hình điều trị Covid-19 mới của TP HCM" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh viện dã chiến đa tầng 1.000 giường hoạt động" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 18 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "Số F0 tăng nhanh, Bình Dương đưa 1.281 cán bộ vào "điểm nóng" chống dịch" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Television. 20 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "Bình Dương: Khó khăn khi số ca mắc COVID-19 tăng cao" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Television. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "Khó khăn khi Covid-19 bùng phát tại Bình Dương" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 15 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "COVID-19 in Viet Nam Situation Report 54". WHO. 11 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ Vietnam successfully cultured and isolated the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in the lab Archived 15 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Ministry of Health. 7 February 2020
- ^ How Vietnam successfully cultured the new coronavirus?. VnExpress. 7 February 2020
- ^ Bộ Y tế đã trao bằng khen cho nhóm nuôi cấy thành công virus SARS-CoV-2. Bạch Mai Hospital. 14 February 2020
- ^ Vietnam new COVID-19 vaccine was developed. VnExpress. 3 May 2020
- ^ Việt Nam tập trung nghiên cứu, sản xuất vaccine phòng, chống COVID-19 Archived 13 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Ministry of Health. 29 April 2020
- ^ Thử nghiệm bước đầu thành công vaccine Covid-19 Việt Nam. VnExpress. 7 May 2020
- ^ Vaccine Covid-19 của Việt Nam sinh miễn dịch cao. VnExpress. 26 June 2020
- ^ "Kỳ vọng vắc xin Covid-19 Việt Nam". Thanh Niên. 4 November 2020.
- ^ "Việt Nam tests COVID-19 vaccine on monkeys". VietNamNews. 2 November 2020.
- ^ "Việt Nam thử nghiệm vaccine Covid-19 trên khỉ". Nhân Dân. 30 October 2020.
- ^ "Vietnam begins Covid-19 vaccine trials on monkeys". VnExpress. 31 October 2020.
- ^ Vuong, Q.-H. (2022). "Covid-19 vaccines production and societal immunization under the serendipity-mindsponge-3D knowledge management theory and conceptual framework". Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 9 (1): 22. doi:10.1057/s41599-022-01034-6. S2CID 246040145.
- ^ Việt Nam bắt đầu thử nghiệm vaccine Covid-19 trên người. VnExpress. 5 December 2020
- ^ Vaccine Covid-19 sắp tiêm thử ra đời như thế nào? VnExpress. 9 December 2020
- ^ Vietnam begins human trials of Covid-19 vaccine VnExpress. 17 December 2020
- ^ "Vietnam starts human trial of coronavirus vaccine". France 24. 17 December 2020.
- ^ "Việt Nam thử nghiệm lâm sàng vaccine COVID-19 Nano Covax giai đoạn 2" (in Vietnamese). Lao Động. 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Volunteers get 2nd shot of Nano Covax vaccine in second trial phase". Vietnam News Agency. 25 March 2021. Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Hanoi spurns China's vaccine diplomacy with homemade shot". Nikkei Asia. 28 February 2021.
- ^ Poling, Gregory B.; Hudes, Simon Tran (28 January 2021). "Vaccine Diplomacy Is Biden's First Test in Southeast Asia". Center for Strategic and International Studies.
- ^ Hà Minh (26 March 2021). "Phó Thủ tướng Vũ Đức Đam tiêm thử nghiệm vắc xin 'made in Vietnam'". Tiền Phong.
- ^ Viết Tuân; Chi Lê (26 March 2021). "Phó Thủ tướng Vũ Đức Đam tiêm thử vaccine Nano Covax". VnExpress.
- ^ "Khởi động thử nghiệm vaccine phòng Covid-19 thứ 2 của Việt Nam" (in Vietnamese). Nhân Dân. 21 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ "6 tình nguyện viên tiêm thử nghiệm vaccine COVIVAC phòng COVID-19 của Việt Nam". Vietnam MOH.
- ^ "Vietnam to conduct clinical trial phase 3 of French drugs to treat COVID-19" (in Vietnamese). Lao Động. 8 September 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
- ^ "Ngày 31/10: Ca COVID-19 mới tiếp tục tăng". Sức khỏe Đời sống. 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "Dân số và tổng điều tra dân số Việt Nam 2020". VTV.
- ^ TOMOYA ONISHI (28 March 2021). "Vietnam travel bubble with Japan loses fizz as execs shun tight rules". Nikkei Asia.
- ^ "Vietnam approves Russia's Sputnik V vaccine". France 24. 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam approves Sinopharm Covid vaccine for emergency use". VnExpress. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
- ^ Le, Nga (12 June 2021). "Vietnam approves Pfizer Covid vaccine for emergency use". VnExpress.
- ^ "Bộ Y tế phê duyệt có điều kiện vaccine COVID-19 Moderna". Vietnam Television. 29 June 2021.
- ^ "Bộ Y tế phê duyệt có điều kiện vaccine COVID-19 Moderna". Vietnam Government Portal. 29 June 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam approves Johnson & Johnson's COVID-19 vaccine as daily cases hit record". Reuters.com. 15 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- ^ "Chiến dịch tiêm chủng lớn nhất trong lịch sử với sự tham gia của y tế, quân đội, công an và các bộ, ngành". Ministry of Health (Vietnam). 15 June 2021.
- ^ Lê Phương - Thuỳ An - Lê Cầm (6 May 2021). "Đợt dịch Covid-19 'bùng phát nhiều ổ, mất dấu F0, đa dạng biến chủng'". VnExpress (in Vietnamese).
- ^ "Vietnam calls for faster vaccine rollout before shots expire". Reuters. 16 April 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam opens 15th National Assembly at height of Covid outbreak". La Prensa Latina. 21 July 2021.
- ^ "Người đầu tiên tử vong sau tiêm vaccine Covid-19". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 7 May 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam reports first death in patient who received AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine". Reuters. 7 May 2021.
- ^ "Bộ Y tế phân bổ vaccine Pfizer, cho phép tiêm trộn với AstraZeneca". VnExpress. 13 July 2021.
- ^ "Moderna and Pfizer vaccines are allowed to be mixed" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 8 September 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
- ^ "Công văn 7548/BYT-DP 2021 về tiêm mũi 2 cho đối tượng đã tiêm mũi 1 vắc xin Moderna phòng COVID-19". Ministry of Health (Vietnam). 10 September 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021 – via LuatVietnam.
- ^ "Cho phép tiêm vaccine Covid-19 trẻ em". VnExpress. 14 October 2021.
- ^ "Bộ Y tế: Tiêm vaccine COVID-19 cho trẻ em từ 16 -17 tuổi trước và hạ dần độ tuổi". Sức khỏe và Đời sống. 14 October 2021.
- ^ "Prime Minister reveals plans to fight the deadly coronavirus". Việt Nam News. 28 January 2020. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ^ "Thủ tướng yêu cầu kiểm tra chặt các cửa khẩu trước dịch virus corona" [The Prime Minister requested a strict inspection of border gates before the corona virus outbreak]. Tuổi Trẻ (in Vietnamese). 23 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ "Citizen's Opinions of and Experiences with Government Responses to COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam" (PDF). United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and Mekong Development Research Institute (MDRI). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
- ^ "Người Việt Nam lạc quan nhất trong khu vực ASEAN". Thanh Niên. 29 January 2021.
- ^ Yen Duong (13 April 2020). "'Rice ATM' feeds Vietnam's poor amid virus lockdown". Reuters. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ ONLINE, TUOI TRE (23 March 2020). "Johnathan Hạnh Nguyễn cho mượn mặt bằng 5.000m2 làm khu cách ly". TUOI TRE ONLINE.
- ^ "Gia đình ông Johnathan Hạnh Nguyễn cam kết góp 30 tỉ chống dịch Covid-19 và hạn mặn". Báo Thanh Niên. 20 March 2020.
- ^ "Những nghĩa cử cao đẹp của kiều bào ở nước ngoài hướng về Tổ quốc". hanoimoi.com.vn. 4 April 2020.
- ^ "Việt Nam luôn trong tim: Cùng chung tay chống dịch". Báo Thanh Niên. 27 April 2020.
- ^ "Bộ Y tế tiếp nhận 3.200 máy thở của Tập đoàn Vingroup phục vụ chống dịch COVID-19".
- ^ "Vingroup đề nghị tài trợ hoá chất thực hiện 100.000 xét nghiệm SARS-CoV-2". Sức khỏe & Đời sống. 9 August 2020.
- ^ "Vietnam sets up vaccine fund amid biggest outbreak of COVID-19". Reuters. 26 May 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
- ^ "Quỹ Vắc xin phòng, chống Covid-19 đã nhận được 4.215 tỷ đồng" (in Vietnamese). Hà Nội Mới. 10 June 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam begs public for 'vaccine fund' donations after COVID-19 surge". ChannelNewsAsia. 8 June 2021. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam vaccine fund secures Samsung and Toyota donations". Nikkei Asia. 9 June 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
- ^ "Áp chỉ tiêu thu 400 nghìn ủng hộ Quỹ vaccine Covid-19 trên một hộ dân?" (in Vietnamese). Báo Giao Thông. 23 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
- ^ Đoàn Cường (28 December 2020). "Tài xế chở nhóm người Trung Quốc tự tử tại nơi cách ly có thể do nghĩ quẩn". Tuổi trẻ. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
- ^ "Covid-19 infectee illegally entering Vietnam faces criminal charges". VnExpress. 19 January 2021.
- ^ "Last illegal entrant from coronavirus-infected group found". VnExpress. 1 January 2021.
- ^ "Over 31,000 illegal entrants caught entering Vietnam in 2020 amid Covid fears". VnExpress. 9 January 2021.
- ^ Sen Nguyen (8 January 2021). "Vietnam's tight lid on the coronavirus leaves many citizens desperate to return, with illegal border crossings on the rise". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
- ^ "Xử lý hình sự nếu trốn cách ly, đưa trái phép thông tin cá nhân nhân viên y tế". Vietnam Ministry of Health. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- ^ "Khai báo y tế không trung thực, trốn tránh cách ly" (in Vietnamese). Nhân Dân. 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ^ "Nguyễn Sin tức giận đòi bỏ tù bệnh nhân thứ 100 – Netizen – Tin trong ngày". Việt Giải Trí. 23 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ "'Bệnh nhân 1342' đi học trong thời gian cách ly". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 2 December 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ "Vietnam halts all inbound commercial flights". VnExpress. 1 December 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ "Khởi tố vụ án tiếp viên hàng không 'làm lây lan nCoV'". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 3 December 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
- ^ a b c Đông, Sỹ (25 February 2020). "Người về từ vùng dịch Hàn Quốc phải bị cách ly, không có quyền chọn khách sạn" [People who come back from the Korean region must be isolated, no right to choose hotel]. Thanh Niên (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^ "Đà Nẵng giải thích điều kiện cách ly nhóm khách Hàn Quốc". VnExpress. 28 February 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- ^ a b c Lam, Truc (25 February 2020). "South Korean visitors expose holes in coronavirus response". VnExpress. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^ Thanh, Phong (23 August 2021). "Cảnh báo sự xuất hiện những kẻ ném đá giấu tay kích động bạo loạn Bình Dương". Hoicodo. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
- ^ Đoàn, Bổng (22 August 2021). "250 Cảnh sát cơ động lên đường chi viện Bình Dương chống dịch". Vietnamnet. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam: Man gets five years in jail for spreading Covid". BBC News. 7 September 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
- ^ Tạm giữ gần 1 triệu khẩu trang trong kho hàng ở quận Tân Phú. Tuổi trẻ Online. 3 March 2020.
- ^ Chặn đứng hàng chục ngàn khẩu trang y tế 'chảy máu' sang Campuchia. Tuổi Trẻ Online. 4 March 2020.
- ^ Bắt giữ 30.000 chiếc khẩu trang trên đường xuất lậu sang Trung Quốc. Vietnam Television 8 February 2020.
- ^ Cao Bằng: Bắt giữ 25.000 khẩu trang y tế xuất lậu qua biên giới. Báo Tài nguyên và Môi trường. 13 February 2020.
- ^ Thu giữ 20.000 chiếc khẩu trang y tế không rõ nguồn gốc ở Quảng Ninh VOV 11 March 2020
- ^ Tạm giữ hàng trăm nghìn khẩu trang chuẩn bị xuất đi nước ngoài. Tuổi trẻ Online. 7 February 2020.
- ^ Phát hiện cơ sở sản xuất khẩu trang y tế có lõi là giấy vệ sinh. Thanh Niên Online. 14 February 2020.
- ^ Gom khẩu trang không nguồn gốc bán trục lợi Xuân Ngọc – Thuỳ Ngân VnExpress 13 March 2020
- ^ Vì sao Bộ Công an triệu tập một số cán bộ Trung tâm Kiểm soát bệnh tật Hà Nội?. Tuổi Trẻ (18 April 2020).
- ^ Công an triệu tập cán bộ CDC Hà Nội về việc mua máy xét nghiệm SARS-CoV-2. Thanh Niên (18 April 2020).
- ^ Bộ Công an: 'CDC Hà Nội sai phạm mua sắm thiết bị trong Covid-19' VnExpress (22 April 2020).
- ^ Giám đốc CDC Hà Nội bị bắt. VnExpress (22 April 2020).
- ^ CDC Hà Nội có sếp mới sau bê bối 'thổi' giá mua máy.VnExpress (12 June 2020).
- ^ Cựu giám đốc CDC Hà Nội bị y án 10 năm tùVnExpress (24 June 2021).
- ^ "Vietnam walls off viral China at its peril". Asia Times. 30 January 2020. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ "Anti-China sentiments, racism spreading along with coronavirus". New York Post. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
- ^ "Xử lý nghiêm mọi hành vi kỳ thị du khách nước ngoài". Government's Newspaper.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Vietnam begins Covid-19 vaccination drive without China-made shots". SCMP. 7 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ "The virus and the vitriol". Southeast Asian Globe. 14 February 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ "Vietnam receives 500,000 Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine doses donation from China". CNA. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
- ^ May, Song. "Covid: Dân Sài Gòn có được trả tiền chọn loại vaccine họ muốn?". BBC News (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 13 August 2021.
- ^ a b c "Vietnam growth among Asia's highest despite Covid-19 slump: ADB". VnExpress. 4 March 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- ^ "Dịch Covid-19: 'Việt Nam đang hứng chịu thiệt hại lớn về kinh tế'" [Covid-19: 'Vietnam is suffering from great economic losses']. BBC News Tiếng Việt (in Vietnamese). 23 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ "Southeast Asia's GDP growth to contract by 4.2% in 2020; Vietnam recovery prospects brightest: ICAEW". Business Times (Singapore). 7 September 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
- ^ "Vietnam economy is Asia's shining star during Covid". BBC News. 19 November 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- ^ Anh Minh (13 March 2020). "Business big problem is Covid-19". VnExpress. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- ^ "Gần 90% doanh nghiệp Việt chịu tác động bởi đại dịch COVID-19" (in Vietnamese). VTV. 12 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
- ^ "Gần 90% doanh nghiệp bị ảnh hưởng tiêu cực vì Covid-19" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 12 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
- ^ a b "Socio-economic performance in first five months". The Socialists Republic of Vietnam. 29 May 2020.
- ^ "IMF Staff Completes 2020 Article IV Mission to Vietnam". imf.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Hầu hết bluechip giảm sàn" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 30 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "Covid-19 'chặn' đà phục hồi của thị trường lao động" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 16 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
- ^ Đồng Nai: Công ty Changshin Việt Nam với 41.000 công nhân tạm ngưng hoạt động 6 ngày Thanh Niên
- ^ Feng Tay đóng cửa các nhà máy ở Việt Nam trong bối cảnh khóa cửa Archived 9 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine TTV24H
- ^ Dệt may Việt Nam chỉ sau Trung Quốc cung ứng quần áo cho toàn cầu Tuổi Trẻ News
- ^ Covid surge in Vietnam hits global supply chains Financial Times
- ^ "Nikkei: Apple, Google chưa chuyển dịch sản xuất sang Việt Nam vì COVID-19" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Television. 18 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "As Holidays Near, Bosses Try to Coax Vietnam's Workers Back to Factories". The New York Times. 12 November 2021. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ Smith, Nicola (13 August 2021). "Vietnam sets deadline to halt Covid surge as death rate soars". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ "Nikkei COVID-19 Recovery Index". Nikkei Asia. 3 September 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
- ^ "Thousands of Vietnamese Flee Industrial Areas After Virus Restrictions Ease". Bloomberg. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ "Sức ép mở cửa lại nền kinh tế của TP HCM" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 9 September 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ^ "The economy in the third quarter of 2021 fell deeply, GDP growth was negative 6.17%" (in Vietnamese). Vneconomy. 29 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
- ^ "Ông Nguyễn Thành Phong: Nền kinh tế thiệt hại 37 tỷ USD vì Covid-19" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ "Hơn 22 triệu người bị giảm thu nhập vì Covid-19" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "BÁO CÁO TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA DỊCH COVID-19 ĐẾN TÌNH HÌNH LAO ĐỘNG, VIỆC LÀM QUÝ IV VÀ NĂM 2020" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam General Statistics Office. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ Stuart Hunter, Gregor; Choong, Rebecca (24 January 2020). "Virus Panic Causes Face Mask Supplies to Run Out Across Asia". Time. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ Nga, Le (6 February 2020). "Don't panic and stockpile food, health ministry advises". VnExpress. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
- ^ Hiệp, Nghĩa (14 February 2020). "Lợi dụng dịch bệnh để trục lợi: Cần xử lý nghiêm khắc" [Taking advantage of epidemics to seek personal benefits: Enforcement is strictly required]. Báo Dân tộc và Phát triển (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
- ^ "2020 and Covid-19: Vietnamese economy down but not out". VnExpress. 25 December 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "Hàng không không phải là thiệt hại bao nhiêu mà là cứu vãn được bao nhiêu" (in Vietnamese). Vietnamnet.
- ^ "10,000 Vietnam Airlines staff take unpaid leave over Covid-19 crisis". VnExpress.
- ^ "AFP: Thị trường xuất khẩu đa dạng giúp kinh tế Việt Nam "vượt qua" Covid-19" (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City Police Newspaper. 16 December 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ "Ồ ạt rao bán khách sạn hàng trăm tỷ đồng ở Nha Trang vì Covid-19" (in Vietnamese). Dân Trí. 27 February 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ^ "Covid-19 rains on Vietnam's tourism parade". VnExpress. 28 December 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ "Doanh thu dịch vụ lữ hành 8 tháng giảm đến 54%". Forbes Vietnam (in Vietnamese). 29 August 2020. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ "Năm 2020, lượng khách qua các cảng hàng không Việt Nam giảm gần 44%" (in Vietnamese). Thời báo tài chính Việt Nam. 21 December 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "Tổng kết công tác an toàn hàng không năm 2020 và triển khai nhiệm vụ năm 2021" (in Vietnamese). Cục Hàng không Việt Nam. 18 December 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "Một tháng hồi sinh của du lịch Việt Nam" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 1 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
- ^ "Hàng trăm khách quốc tế đến Việt Nam trong tháng 11" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 12 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
- ^ ONLINE, TUOI TRE (20 May 2020). "Dạy học trực tuyến: từ ngại đến thích". TUOI TRE ONLINE.
- ^ Ministry of Education and Training (Vietnam) (31 March 2020). "Bộ GDĐT hướng dẫn điều chỉnh nội dung dạy học học kì II năm học 2019–2020 đối với cấp THCS, THPT". moet.gov.vn (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 3 April 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ "Institute for Policy and Strategies for Agriculture and Rural Development (2020) Rapid Assessment on the Impacts of COVID-19 on Rural Livelihoods in Viet Nam".
- ^ MOLISA and UNICEF (2020). Rapid Assessment of Social Assistance Needs among Families with Children.
- ^ UNICEF (2020). Rapid Assessment of Online/Distance Learning Education in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic.
- ^ UNICEF (2020) Rapid Assessment of Social and Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Children and Families.
- ^ "Japan's Aska buys 24.9 stake in Vietnam drug company". VnExpress. 24 August 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ "Doanh thu ngành dược phẩm 'hụt hơi' vì Covid-19" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 24 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ Thịnh, Quang (2 February 2020). "Virus corona khiến các giải bóng đá Việt Nam tạm hoãn" [Corona virus caused the Vietnam football tournament to be postponed]. Zing.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ^ Ninh, Trung (24 February 2020). "Vì sao Lịch thi đấu V-League 2020 vẫn phải chờ?" [Why is the V-League 2020 Schedule still waiting?]. Thanh Niên (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
- ^ "Vietnams first football game since pandemic break to allow spectators". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ "Vietnam first in the world to resume normal football events". Nhân Dân. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ "Bahrain and Vietnam Grands Prix postponed | Formula One". Formula One. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- ^ "Formula 1: Vietnam Grand Prix postponed due to coronavirus". CNA. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- ^ "Cancellation of the 2020 Vinfast Vietnam Grand Prix". Vietnam Grand Prix. 16 October 2020. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ "Worlds 2020 Update: Format Changes". lolesports.com. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ^ "MSI 2021: Teams Update". lolesports.com. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ^ O'Kane, Caitlin (4 March 2020). "Catchy PSA about coronavirus turns into viral TikTok challenge about washing your hands". CBS News. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
- ^ Puhak, Janine; Hein, Alexandria (5 March 2020). "Coronavirus-inspired TikTok dance reminds social-media users to wash hands". Fox News Channel. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
- ^ Illmer, Andreas (6 March 2020). "Coronavirus: Vietnam's handwashing song goes global". BBC News. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
- ^ "ADB hỗ trợ Việt Nam 600.000 USD ứng phó với dịch Covid-19" (in Vietnamese). VnEconomy. 11 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
- ^ a b "Vietnam, Australia to boost trade, investment after COVID-19 pandemic". Vietnam Ministry of Industry and Trade. 12 May 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ "Vietnam struggling with Delta variant outbreak after being hailed COVID-19 success story". ABC News (Australia). 11 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
- ^ a b "Ambassadors of Russia, Chile praise Vietnam's efforts in fighting COVID-19". Voice of Vietnam. 25 April 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ "Vietnam-Chine : conversation téléphonique entre Nguyên Phu Trong et Xi Jinping". 30 September 2020.
- ^ "Xi Jinping Has a Phone Call with General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) and President Nguyen Phu Trong". 29 September 2020.
- ^ "500.000 liều vaccine Covid-19 Sinopharm về Việt Nam". VnExpress. 20 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^ "CH Czech nhượng lại 500.000 liều vắc xin COVID-19 cho Việt Nam". Tuổi Trẻ. 9 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ^ "Pháp tuyên bố chia sẻ 670.000 liều vaccine cho Việt Nam". VnExpress. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ^ "Germany's Foreign Ministry appreciates Vietnam's support in COVID-19 fight". Báo Nhân Dân. 15 April 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ "Việt Nam tiếp nhận 2,6 triệu liều vaccine ngừa COVID-19 từ Chính phủ Đức" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Ministry of Health. 27 September 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- ^ "Hungary tặng Việt Nam 100.000 liều vaccine Astra Zeneca". Vietnam Television. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ^ Hương Giang (4 May 2020). "PM Phuc, Japanese PM Abe discuss COVID-19, bilateral ties over phone call". Vietnam Government Online Newspaper. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ N.Dung (13 July 2020). "Nhật Bản hỗ trợ thêm 1 triệu liều vắc-xin, chuyển đến TP HCM". Người Lao Động. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ^ Viết Tuân (17 August 2020). "Ba Lan tặng Việt Nam hơn 500.000 liều vaccine". VnExpress. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
- ^ "Tiếp nhận 300.000 liều vắc xin Romania tặng Việt Nam".
- ^ Ngoc Van (21 April 2020). "VN, Russia vow to facilitate trade exchange amid COVID-19 pandemic". Vietnam Government Online Newspaper. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ Quang Minh (3 April 2020). "VN controls COVID-19 pandemic well, says Korean President Moon". Vietnam Government Online Newspaper. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ "Chuyến hàng viện trợ khẩn cấp trang thiết bị y tế của Thụy Sỹ dành cho Việt Nam rời sân bay Zurich". 12 August 2021.
- ^ Jennifer Tran (15 April 2020). "British Ambassador thanks Vietnam for its support to repatriate UK citizens". Vietnam Times. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ "Việt Nam nhận 415.000 liều vaccine COVID-19 do Chính phủ Anh trao tặng". Vietnam Ministry of Health. 3 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ^ Đại sứ Mỹ Daniel Kritenbrink: "Ấn tượng với mức độ hợp tác và minh bạch của chính phủ VN" [US Ambassador Daniel Kritenbrink: "Impressed with the level of cooperation and transparency of the Vietnamese government"] (video) (07:14) (in Vietnamese). PhoBolsaTV. 19 February 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020 – via YouTube.
- ^ Đăng, Nhật (22 February 2020). "Mỹ tin Việt Nam sẽ chống COVID-19 hiệu quả, sắp cử đoàn sang hợp tác" [The US believes that Vietnam will fight COVID-19 effectively, about to send a delegation to co-operate]. Tuổi Trẻ (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
- ^ Vu, Khanh; Nguyen, Phuong; Pearson, James (30 April 2020). "After aggressive mass testing, Vietnam says it contains coronavirus outbreak". Reuters.
- ^ "Việt Nam có ca COVID-19 đầu tiên tử vong, vì nhồi máu cơ tim trên nền bệnh lý nặng". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 31 July 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân 437 tử vong vì sốc nhiễm trùng trên nền bệnh lý nặng và mắc COVID-19". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 1 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân 499 tử vong do ung thư máu không đáp ứng hoá chất, viêm phổi nặng và COVID-19". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 1 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân 524 và 475 tử vong vì nền bệnh lý nặng và mắc COVID-19". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 2 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 6 tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 2 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 7 tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 4 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 8 tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 4 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 9 tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 6 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 10 tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 6 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 11 tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 9 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Hai bệnh nhân nữ 33, 47 tuổi không qua khỏi, Việt Nam có 13 ca COVID-19 tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 10 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID thứ 14 tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 10 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "BN 522 tử vong vì viêm phổi nặng do COVID-19, biến chứng suy hô hấp nặng, tắc động mạch phổi trên bệnh nhân ung thư thận". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 10 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 tử vong ở tuổi 37". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 11 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 17 tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 12 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 18 tử vong ở tuổi 52". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 13 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Thêm 2 bệnh nhân COVID-19 tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 13 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Trường hợp mắc COVID-19 tử vong thứ 21 vì bệnh lý nền nặng". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 14 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 22 tử vong". Tuổi Trẻ (in Vietnamese). 15 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Trường hợp mắc COVID-19 thứ 23 tử vong vì bệnh lý nền nặng". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 15 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Trường hợp mắc COVID-19 thứ 24 tử vong vì bệnh lý nền nặng". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 16 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 25 tử vong ở tuổi 51". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 18 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân 666 tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 22 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân 577 - ca thứ 27 tại Việt Nam tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 23 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Trường hợp mắc COVID-19 thứ 28 tử vong là bệnh nhân 758". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 26 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 29 tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 26 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân 696 tử vong lúc nửa đêm ở tuổi 51". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 27 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 tử vong ở tuổi 28". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 29 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 2 tử vong trong ngày là người phụ nữ 67 tuổi". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 29 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Trường hợp mắc COVID-19 thứ 33 tử vong vì bệnh lý nền nặng là bệnh nhân 742". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 31 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân 1040 tử vong trước khi có kết quả dương tính SARS-CoV-2". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 29 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 35 tử vong". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 3 September 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân Covid-19 89 tuổi tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 15 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Nam bệnh nhân 34 tuổi tử vong, ca tử vong thứ 37 liên quan COVID-19". Tuổi Trẻ (in Vietnamese). 17 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 trên nền ung thư gan tử vong, ca tử vong thứ 38". Tuổi Trẻ (in Vietnamese). 20 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Ca tử vong thứ 39 liên quan tới COVID-19 tại Việt Nam có nhiều bệnh nền". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 20 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bộ Y tế chính thức công bố ca tử vong 40 có liên quan đến COVID-19 tại Việt Nam". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 21 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 41 tử vong là cụ bà 89 tuổi có nhiều bệnh lý nền nặng". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 21 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân COVID-19 thứ 42 tử vong là cụ bà 72 tuổi". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 23 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Ca tử vong liên quan đến COVID-19 thứ 43 tại Việt Nam là bệnh nhân 50 tuổi có tiền sử xơ gan". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 24 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Bộ Y tế công bố ca tử vong thứ 44 là nữ bệnh nhân 38 tuổi ở Bắc Giang". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). 24 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Ca bệnh thứ 45 tử vong liên quan đến COVID-19 tại Việt Nam". VTV (in Vietnamese). 26 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ "Ca tử vong thứ 46 liên quan đến COVID-19 tại Việt Nam". VTV (in Vietnamese). 27 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- ^ "Nữ bệnh nhân 22 tuổi là ca tử vong thứ 47 liên quan đến COVID-19 tại Việt Nam". VTV (in Vietnamese). 28 May 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
- ^ "Ca tử vong thứ 48 liên quan đến COVID-19 tại Việt Nam". VTV (in Vietnamese). 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
- ^ "Ca tử vong thứ 49 liên quan đến COVID-19 tại Việt Nam". VTV (in Vietnamese). 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ "Ca tử vong thứ 50 liên quan đến COVID-19 tại Việt Nam". VTV (in Vietnamese). 4 June 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân Covid-19 thứ 51 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 4 June 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân ung thư 35 tuổi mắc Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 5 June 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
- ^ "Ca tử vong thứ 53 liên quan đến COVID-19 tại Việt Nam". VTV (in Vietnamese). 5 June 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
- ^ "Ca tử vong thứ 54 liên quan đến COVID-19 tại Việt Nam". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 8 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân Covid-19 thứ 55 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 8 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ "Hai bệnh nhân ung thư mắc Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 11 June 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
- ^ "Thêm bệnh nhân ung thư mắc Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 12 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ "Ca tử vong thứ 59 liên quan đến COVID-19 tại Việt Nam". VTV (in Vietnamese). 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ^ "Ca tử vong thứ 60, 61 liên quan đến COVID-19 tại Việt Nam". VTV (in Vietnamese). 14 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
- ^ "Ca tử vong thứ 62 liên quan đến COVID-19 tại Việt Nam". VTV (in Vietnamese). 18 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ^ "Thêm 2 bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 19 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ^ "Thêm 2 bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 20 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân Covid-19 thứ 67 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 21 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
- ^ "Thêm hai bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 21 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
- ^ "Thêm 1 ca tử vong liên quan đến COVID-19". VTV (in Vietnamese). 23 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
- ^ "Hai bệnh nhân Covid hơn 80 tuổi ở Bắc Giang tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 24 June 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
- ^ "Thêm hai bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 25 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân Covid-19 thứ 75 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 27 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong sau một ngày nhập viện". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 27 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
- ^ "Hai bệnh nhân Covid-19 ở TP HCM tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 29 June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
- ^ "Thêm 2 bệnh nhân COVID-19 tại TP. Hồ Chí Minh, Bắc Giang tử vong". VTV (in Vietnamese). 29 June 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
- ^ "TP. Hồ Chí Minh: Thêm 1 người ở quận Bình Tân tử vong do COVID-19". VTV (in Vietnamese). 30 June 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
- ^ "Ba bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 2 July 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
- ^ "Hai bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 4 July 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
- ^ "Bốn bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 5 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân Covid-19 đầu tiên ở Nghệ An tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 5 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ^ "4 nữ bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 6 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ^ "Thêm 3 bệnh nhân tử vong do COVID-19 tại TP. Hồ Chí Minh, Đồng Tháp". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 6 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ^ "5 bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 7 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
- ^ "Thêm ba bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 8 July 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ "5 bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
- ^ "Hai bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 10 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
- ^ "7 bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 11 July 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Thêm 4 bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 12 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
- ^ "Thêm 2 bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VTV (in Vietnamese). 12 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
- ^ "Thêm 5 bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
- ^ "Thêm 2 bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong tại An Giang, TP HCM". VTV (in Vietnamese). 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
- ^ "Thêm 6 bệnh nhân Covid-19 tử vong". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 14 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân 418 tử vong sau khi có kết quả xét nghiệm 4 lần âm tính với SARS-CoV-2". Thư viện pháp luật (in Vietnamese). 18 August 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân 453 tử vong sau 3 lần âm tính SARS-CoV-2". Vietnam Ministry of Health (in Vietnamese). 26 August 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
- ^ "Bệnh nhân 764 tử vong sau 3 lần âm tính SARS-CoV-2". Vietnam Ministry of Health (in Vietnamese). 2 September 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
- ^ "Hà Nội ghi nhận ca nhiễm Covid-19 mới là người Nhật Bản". Nhân Dân (in Vietnamese). 15 February 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
- ^ "Một bệnh nhân tử vong trên đường đi cấp cứu, dương tính với SARS-CoV-2". VTV (in Vietnamese). 8 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ "Phú Yên ghi nhận thêm 50 ca dương tính SARS-CoV-2, một bệnh nhân tử vong". VTV (in Vietnamese). 3 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ^ "Bị can ở trại giam Chí Hòa tử vong, nhiễm Covid-19". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 6 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ^ "Phú Yên thông tin về 3 bệnh nhân Covid-19 vừa tử vong". Vietnamnet (in Vietnamese). 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
- ^ "Phó Hiệu trưởng trường THPT ở Tiền Giang tử vong do Covid-19". Vietnamnet (in Vietnamese). 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
- ^ "Phú Yên thêm 12 người nhiễm SARS-CoV-2 và 1 bệnh nhân tử vong". Vietnamnet (in Vietnamese). 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in Vietnam". Vietnam Centers for Disease Control (in Vietnamese). 14 April 2020. Archived from the original on 14 April 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ^ "Bệnh Covid-19 xuất hiện ở Hà Nội" [Covid-19 disease appeared in Hanoi]. VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 6 March 2020. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
- ^ "Vietnam confirms 17th Covid-19 patient". VnExpress. 7 March 2020. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
- ^ Nga, Lê (7 March 2020). "Ca nhiễm nCoV thứ 18 ở Việt Nam" [The 18th case of nCoV in Vietnam]. VnExpress (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
- ^ Huệ, Bích; Anh, Phương; Quyên, Hà (8 March 2020). "9 người nước ngoài mắc Covid-19 cùng chuyến bay với bệnh nhân thứ 17" [9 foreigners with Covid-19 on the same flight as 17th patient]. Zing.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 9 March 2020.
- ^ Thạnh, Võ; Thành, Đắc (11 March 2020). "Ba bệnh nhân Covid-19 ở Huế sức khỏe ổn định" [Three Covid-19 patients in Huế were in stable condition]. VnExpress (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ Xuân, Kim (10 March 2020). "Việt Nam phát hiện trường hợp nhiễm COVID-19 thứ 32" [Vietnam detected the 32nd COVID-19 infection]. VTV (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 10 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ^ "Ca nhiễm Covid-19 thứ 33 cùng trên chuyến bay VN0054 với bệnh nhân 17" [33rd Covid-19 case on flight VN0054 with patient 17]. Voice of Vietnam (in Vietnamese). 10 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ^ Anh, Lan (11 March 2020). "Đang chờ kết quả xét nghiệm lần 4 của bệnh nhân nghi là ca thứ 39" [Waiting for the 4th test results of patients suspected to be the 39th case]. Tuổi Trẻ (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 11 March 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "TP HCM thêm 3 ca dương tính nCoV" [3 more nCoV cases in Ho Chi Minh City]. VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 23 March 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- ^ "Lãnh đạo tỉnh Đồng Tháp họp khẩn trong đêm khi có 4 ca dương tính với COVID-19 về từ Anh" [4 COVID-19 cases in Dong Thap Province]. Tuổi Trẻ (in Vietnamese). 22 March 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- ^ "BV Chợ Rẫy huy động toàn lực để cứu chữa cho phi công người Anh". Tuổi Trẻ. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
- ^ a b "Thêm 11 ca dương tính nCoV" [More 11 nCoV cases in]. VnExpress (in Vietnamese). 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
Free content
[edit]
This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Text taken from Emerging COVID-19 success story: Vietnam's commitment to containment, Our World in Data.
External links
[edit]- Vietnam Ministry of Health's official page about COVID-19 pandemic
- Latest Updates on the Coronavirus cases in Vietnam – Ministry of Health of Vietnam
- CoronaTracker – Statistics on the coronavirus cases in Vietnam
- Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases and historical data by Johns Hopkins University
- COVID-19 Encyclopædia Britannica
- Coronavirus Encyclopædia Britannica
- SARS Encyclopædia Britannica
- COVID-19 in 20 Questions Encyclopædia Britannica
- Questions About COVID-19 Answered Kara Rogers Encyclopædia Britannica (18 June 2020)
- Bluezone App
- Inside the Strictest Lockdown in Ho Chi Minh City Archived 23 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine
| Key topics |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Vietnam vaccine nominations | ||
| In popular culture | ||
.svg){kind=small}
