1966 Soviet nuclear tests
| 1966 | |
|---|---|
 Nuclear blast animation | |
| Information | |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Test site | Atyrau, Kazakhstan; Bukhara, Uzbekistan; Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia; Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan |
| Period | 1966 |
| Number of tests | 18 |
| Test type | underground shaft, tunnel |
| Max. yield | 700 kilotonnes of TNT (2,900 TJ) |
| Test series chronology | |
The Soviet Union's 1966 nuclear test series[1] was a group of 18 nuclear tests conducted in 1966. These tests [note 1] followed the 1965 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1967 Soviet nuclear tests series.
| Name [note 2] | Date time (UT) | Local time zone[note 3][2] | Location[note 4] | Elevation + height [note 5] | Delivery, [note 6] Purpose [note 7] |
Device[note 8] | Yield[note 9] | Fallout[note 10] | References | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 245 | 13 February 1966 04:58:00.1 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: E-1 49°48′32″N 78°07′16″E / 49.8089°N 78.121°E | 730 m (2,400 ft) – 320 m (1,050 ft) | tunnel, peaceful research |
125 kt | [1][3][4][5][6] | Highest yield shaft test at Semipalatinsk. | ||
| 246 | 20 March 1966 05:50:00.3 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 11 49°45′42″N 78°01′26″E / 49.7616°N 78.0239°E | 765 m (2,510 ft) – 310 m (1,020 ft) | tunnel, weapons development |
100 kt | [1][3][4][5][6] | |||
| 247 | 21 April 1966 03:58:00.1 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: A-4p 49°48′35″N 78°06′00″E / 49.8097°N 78.1°E | 698 m (2,290 ft) + | tunnel, peaceful research |
22 kt | [1][3][4][5][6] | |||
| 248 Galit A1 (Halite) | 22 April 1966 02:58:00.3 | SHET (5 hrs) |
Atyrau, Kazakhstan: A-I 47°49′47″N 47°56′05″E / 47.8297°N 47.93477°E | – 165 m (541 ft) | underground shaft, cavity excavation |
1.1 kt | Venting detected | [1][4][5][6][7][8] | Cavity production in rock salt. | |
| 249 | 7 May 1966 03:58:00.2 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 25 49°44′34″N 78°06′18″E / 49.7429°N 78.105°E | 739 m (2,425 ft) + | tunnel, peaceful research |
4 kt | [1][3][4][5][6][9] | |||
| 250 | 29 June 1966 06:58:00.5 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Z-6 49°50′04″N 78°04′24″E / 49.8344°N 78.0734°E | 600 m (2,000 ft) + | tunnel, peaceful research |
42 kt | [1][3][4][5][6][9] | |||
| 251 | 21 July 1966 03:58:00.0 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 24 49°44′12″N 78°05′49″E / 49.7367°N 78.097°E | 673 m (2,208 ft) + | tunnel, weapons development |
24 kt | [1][3][4][5][6][9] | |||
| 252 | 5 August 1966 03:57:59.6 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 17 49°45′51″N 78°02′33″E / 49.7643°N 78.0424°E | 748 m (2,454 ft) + | tunnel, weapons development |
32 kt | [1][3][4][5][6][9] | |||
| 253 | 19 August 1966 03:52:59.9 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Z-1p 49°49′38″N 78°06′32″E / 49.8271°N 78.1088°E | 630 m (2,070 ft) + | tunnel, peaceful research |
10 kt | [1][3][4][5][6] | |||
| 254 | 7 September 1966 03:51:59.7 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Zh-1p 49°49′44″N 78°03′49″E / 49.8288°N 78.0637°E | 630 m (2,070 ft) + | tunnel, fundamental science |
4.6 kt | [1][3][4][5][6][9] | |||
| 255 Urta-Bulak | 30 September 1966 05:59:51.0 | SAMT (5 hrs) |
Bukhara, Uzbekistan: 1-s 39°13′06″N 64°34′01″E / 39.2182°N 64.56684°E | – 1,532 m (5,026 ft) | underground shaft, extinguishing oil/gas fires |
30 kt | [1][4][5][6][8] | Gas fire shaft closure. | ||
| 256 | 19 October 1966 03:57:59.9 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 13 49°44′50″N 78°01′14″E / 49.7471°N 78.0205°E | 721 m (2,365 ft) + | tunnel, weapons development |
55 kt | [1][3][4][5][6][9] | |||
| 258 | 27 October 1966 05:57:58.1 | MSK (3 hrs) |
NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-2 73°23′13″N 54°50′10″E / 73.387°N 54.836°E | 100 m (330 ft) – 700 m (2,300 ft) | tunnel, weapons development |
700 kt | Venting detected off site, 10 MCi (370 PBq) | [1][4][5][6][8] | ||
| 257 | 27 October 1966 06:00:?? | MSK (3 hrs) |
NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-1 73°24′N 54°48′E / 73.4°N 54.8°E | 100 m (330 ft) + | tunnel, weapons development |
700 kt | Venting detected off site, 10 MCi (370 PBq) | [1][5][6][8] | ||
| 259 | 29 October 1966 03:58:00.0 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: G 49°47′03″N 78°00′19″E / 49.78424°N 78.00541°E | 705 m (2,313 ft) + | tunnel, weapons development |
unknown yield | [1][3][5][6][8] | |||
| 260 | 19 November 1966 03:58:00.0 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Zh-3p 49°49′40″N 78°03′11″E / 49.82768°N 78.05307°E | 625 m (2,051 ft) + | tunnel, weapons development |
unknown yield | [1][3][5][6][8] | |||
| 261 - 1 | 3 December 1966 05:02:00.2 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 14 49°44′49″N 78°02′00″E / 49.7469°N 78.0334°E | 665 m (2,182 ft) + | tunnel, weapons development |
4.6 kt | [1][3][4][5][6][9] | |||
| 261 - 2 | 3 December 1966 05:02:00.2 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 14 49°44′49″N 78°02′00″E / 49.7469°N 78.0334°E | 665 m (2,182 ft) + | tunnel, peaceful research |
unknown yield | [1][3][5][6][8] | |||
| 262 | 18 December 1966 04:58:00.0 | ALMT (6 hrs) |
Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 101 49°55′31″N 77°44′49″E / 49.92515°N 77.74706°E | 460 m (1,510 ft) + | underground shaft, peaceful research |
100 kt | Venting detected | [1][3][4][5][6] |
- ^ A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". Mikhailov, V. N. "Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing". Begell-Atom, LLC. Archived from the original on 2014-04-26. Retrieved 2013-12-15.
- ^ The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
- ^ To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. All historical time zone data are derived from here:
- ^ Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.
- ^ Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
- ^ Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
- ^ Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
- ^ Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
- ^ Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
- ^ Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Yang, Xiaoping; North, Robert; Romney, Carl (August 2000). CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3) (Technical report). SMDC Monitoring Research.
- ^ "Time Zone Historical Database". iana.com. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Khalturin, Vitaly I.; Rautian, Tatyana G.; Richards, Paul G. (2000). "Chemical explosions during 1961-1989 on the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan" (PDF). Pure and Applied Geophysics. 158: 143–171. doi:10.1007/pl00001153. S2CID 128953780. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Cochran, Thomas B.; Arkin, William M.; Norris, Robert S.; Sands, Jeffrey I. Nuclear Weapons Databook Vol. IV: Soviet Nuclear Weapons. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Podvig, Pavel, ed. (2001). Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262661812. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990. Sarov, Russia: RFNC-VNIIEF. 1996. The official Russian list of Soviet tests.
- ^ Nordyke, M.D. The Soviet Program for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions (PDF) (UCRL-ID-12441O Rev 2). Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g Nuclear explosions in the USSR: The North Test Site reference material, version 4 (PDF) (Technical report). IAEA Dept. of Nuclear Safety and Security. December 1, 2004. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g Thurber, Clifford; Trabant, Chad; Hartog, Renate. Assessing Event Location Capability with Ground Truth Events at the Degelen Mountain Test Site, Kazakhstan (PDF) (DSWA01-98-10008). Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Arms Control Technology Division, Nuclear Treaties Branch. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2013.