1924 Chatham Islands expedition
1924 Chatham Islands expedition | |
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| Country |
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| Start | December 1923  |
| End | February 1924 |
| Participants |
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The 1924 Chatham Islands expedition was a scientific expedition undertaken in early 1924 to research the biodiversity and indigenous people of the Chatham Islands.[1][2][3][4]
Origins
[edit]Scientists on the expedition came from the Otago Institute, which sponsored the expedition, and Canterbury Museum.[4]
Members
[edit]- H.D. (Harry) Skinner, ethnology and anthropology[3]
- Robin Allan, geology[3]
- John Marwick, paleontology[3]
- W.G. (George) Howes, entomology[3]
- W. Martin, botany[3]
- Earle Northcroft, botany[3]
- F. Key, magnetic survey[5]
- Mr Walsh, magnetic survey[5]
- R.M. Laing, marine botany[3]
- Gilbert Archey, birds and biology[3]
- S. Lindsay, entomology[3]
- Maxwell Young, marine biology[6]
Expedition
[edit]The expedition left Lyttleton on the ship Ngahere[3][6] though Archey and Lindsay went ahead of the main party.[7] They were in the Chathams for a month from January to February.[7] Most of the party stayed in the northern part of the island but Howes and one other stayed in Waitangi travelling around on horseback.[7]
Results
[edit]Geological specimens were collected by Marwick from four sites on Chatham Island and by Allan from one site on Pitt Island. The Chatham sites were at Cape Young, Tioriori, Titirangi and Waikaripi and at Flowerpot Harbour on Pitt.[8] Three types of rocks were recorded: quartz/mica/schists in the north, limestone in the middle of the island and around the lagoon, and volcanic rocks in the southern part.[5]
Howes noted that the flora and fauna were similar to New Zealand and he was disappointed with his findings of moths, beetles and flies.[7][5] He found prolific bird life including pukeko, ducks, swans and weka at the lagoon and pigeons, tūī, Chatham Island wrens and piwakawaka elsewhere.[7] The introduced weka was considered to be a pest.[5] The only predator was the Norwegian rat.[7]
Northcroft's botanical findings were unpublished until his records were discovered and published posthumously by A.J. Healy.[9] He recorded 53 species that had not been recorded by later researchers but no specimens exist.[10] Some new species on the Chathams were found including a ribbon wood and an orchid described by Martin.[5][11]
Many specimens of marine fauna were collected including several species of sea slug.[5] It was noted that much work still needed to be done surveying and charting the waters around the islands to assist gathering better information on the habits of marine species.[5]
Skey and Walsh attempted to pinpoint the longitude and latitude of the islands more precisely.[5]
Ethnologist Skinner continued his work on the Moriori which he had begun on an earlier visit to the Chathams in 1919.[12] He studied carvings and physical anthropology which linked the Moriori to Polynesian peoples and culture.[5]
Bibliography
[edit]- Skinner, H.D. (1923–1928). "The Morioris of Chatham Islands". Memoirs of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum : volume IX. Bishop Museum memoirs. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. OCLC 907501191.
- Young, Maxwell (1930). "Marine Fauna of the Chatham Islands". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 60: 136 – via Papers Past.
- Marwick, J (1928). "The Tertiary Mollusca of the Chatham Islands including a Generic Revision of the New Zealand Pectinidae". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 58: 432.
- Archey, G. & Lindsay, C. (1924). "Notes on the birds of the Chatham Islands". Records of the Canterbury Museum 2(4): 187–201.
References
[edit]
- ^ Maxwell W. Young (31 May 1929). "Marine Fauna of the Chatham Islands". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 60: 136–166. ISSN 1176-6166. Wikidata Q125502947.
- ^ "The Chatham Islands". The Press. Vol. LIX, no. 17842. 14 August 1923. p. 8. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Chatham Islands". Auckland Star. Vol. LIV, no. 303. 21 December 1923. p. 9. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ a b G A Knox (1957). "General account of the Chatham Islands 1954 Expedition" (PDF). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir. 2: 1–37. ISSN 0083-7903. Wikidata Q66412141.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "CHATHAM ISLANDS EXPEDITION". Evening Star. 14 February 1924. p. 10.
- ^ a b Clayworth, Peter (2014). "Anthropology and archaeology - 'Salvage anthropology' and the birth of professionalism". Te Ara. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f "The Chatham Islands". Otago Daily Times. No. 19076. 23 January 1924. p. 6. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
- ^ Marwick, J (1928). "The Tertiary Mollusca of the Chatham Islands including a Generic Revision of the New Zealand Pectinidae". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 58: 432.
- ^ Northcroft, E. F.; Healy, A. J. (1975). "Adventive flora of the Chatham Islands". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 13 (2): 123–129. Bibcode:1975NZJB...13..123N. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1975.10430314. ISSN 0028-825X.
- ^ de Lange, Peter J. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants recorded from Chatham Islands (PDF). Department of Conservation. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-478-14883-1.
- ^ Molloy, Brian (2002). Orchids of the Chatham Islands (PDF). Department of Conservation. p. 22. ISBN 0-478-22199-1.
- ^ Te Rangi Hiroa (1945). An introduction to Polynesian Anthropoloy. Bishop Museum Staff Expeditions. Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum. p. 53–54. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
External links
[edit]- Admiral Lord Jellicoe visits Chatham Islands (1924). British Pathé film.