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The 2014 actions have attracted international attention.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israeli ship remains at sea as thousands of protesters gather in Oakland|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/17/israeli-ship-remains-at-sea-thousands-protesters-gather|accessdate=21 August 2014|publisher=The Guardian|date=17 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Calif. protesters block Israel-owned ship at Port of Oakland|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/aug/18/calif-protesters-block-israel-owned-ship-port-oakl/|accessdate=21 August 2014|publisher=Washington Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Protesters: We prevented Zim ship from unloading cargo in LA|url=http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/.premium-1.612127|website=Haaretz|accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref>
The 2014 actions have attracted international attention.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israeli ship remains at sea as thousands of protesters gather in Oakland|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/17/israeli-ship-remains-at-sea-thousands-protesters-gather|accessdate=21 August 2014|publisher=The Guardian|date=17 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Calif. protesters block Israel-owned ship at Port of Oakland|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/aug/18/calif-protesters-block-israel-owned-ship-port-oakl/|accessdate=21 August 2014|publisher=Washington Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Protesters: We prevented Zim ship from unloading cargo in LA|url=http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/.premium-1.612127|website=Haaretz|accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref>
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==Privatization==
==Privatization==

Revision as of 01:53, 22 October 2014

Zim Integrated Shipping Services Ltd.
Company typePublic
IndustryShipping
Founded1945
Headquarters
Haifa
,
Israel
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Rafi Danieli (CEO)
Nir Gilad (Chairman)
ServicesContainer shipping, Refrigerated Cargo,
Logistics
RevenueIncrease US$ 3,717 million (2010)
Increase US$ 54 million (2010)
ParentIsrael Corporation
Websitewww.zim.com
SS Kedma, ZIM's first ship in 1947
SS Shalom, a ZIM ocean liner in the 1960s

Zim Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. (Template:Lang-he), formerly ZIM Israel Navigation Company Ltd. and Zim American Israeli Shipping Inc., is the biggest cargo shipping company in Israel, and 10th largest in the world. The company's headquarters are in Haifa; it also has a North American headquarters in Norfolk, Virginia.[1]

History

ZIM was founded in 1945,[2] by the Jewish Agency and the Histadrut (General Federation of Laborers in the Land of Israel). The first ship was purchased in partnership with Harris and Dixon (based in London) in 1947. This vessel was refurbished, renamed SS Kedma, and sailed to the future state of Israel in the summer of 1947. During her first years, her main task was transporting hundreds of thousands of immigrants to the emerging state. Some of the other ships that had been used for clandestine immigration before the establishment of Israel as a state were confiscated by the British mandate authorities and later joined the company's fleet. The company continued to purchase more ships, among them SS Negba, SS Artza and SS Galila.

During the 1948 war, the company was the sole maritime connection with the state of Israel, supplying food, freight and military equipment.

In 1953, some of the money from the reparations agreement between Israel and West Germany was allocated to the purchase of new ships. The SS Bergensfjord, renamed Jerusalem, sailed the Israel-New York route,[3] Another ship purchased with reparations money was the SS Etzel.[4] The SS Dolphin IV, acquired in 1956, was renamed SS Zion.

In 1950s and 1960s, ZIM concentrated on passenger ships, alongside a constant expansion of the cargo shipping business. Passenger liners were a common means of international transport before the emergence of cheap air transport, and pleasure cruises were also popular. ZIM sailed the Mediterranean Sea, as well as having regular routes to the United States. Some of its ships cruised to the Caribbean during the winter. 1964 saw the completion of the ocean liner SS Shalom, which turned out to be a failure, marking the end of the ZIM passenger shipping era.[5]

During the 1960s, ZIM started to turn its focus to cargo ships, and obtained several special-purpose vessels, including refrigerated shipping, and oil tankers. ZIM transported crude oil from Iran to Israel, and oil byproducts from Israel to Europe.

In the 1970s, ZIM expanded into the container shipping business. ZIM ordered six such ships, and gradually made this its main line of business.

In 1981, one of the company's ships, Mezada, was lost at sea. Despite a lull in maritime shipping at the beginning of the 1980s, the company built 15 more ships in Germany in the 1990s. At this time, the ownership of ZIM was divided between the Israeli government and Israel Corporation.[6]

In August 2014, unloading of the Zim Piraeus at the Port of Oakland was delayed after a protest against Israel's actions in Gaza. Longshoremen declined to load the ship out of safety concerns, taking no position on the underlying dispute,[7] but unloaded the ship after their safety was assured.[8]

In 2010, another demonstration was conducted against a Zim vessel in response to the Israeli attack on the Mavi Marmara Gaza Freedom Flotilla.

After the 2014 Oakland demonstration there were protests at the port of LA[9] and at Tacoma, Washington[10] which failed to stop the unloading of cargo from Zim ships. A second demonstration in Oakland in September 2014 resulted in a Zim ship not being unloaded and heading to Los Angeles instead. Longshoremen, not participating in the protest, refused to unload the ship after being physically threatened and their vehicles blocked when they tried to report for work.[11]

The 2014 actions have attracted international attention.[12][13][14] and also kayla and megan are slut

Privatization

In 2004, ZIM the Israel Corporation (which is controlled by the Ofer Brothers Group) purchased 49% of Zim's shares held by the Israeli government, becoming the sole owner of the company.[6] The new official name after privatization became Zim Integrated Shipping Services. The purchase deal for about five hundred million New Israeli Shekels was severely criticized by the press[15] and the State Comptroller of Israel[16] as being undervalued and becoming just another flag of convenience company. In 2007, Zim sold its maritime logistics and forwarding services subsidiary NewLog to UTi Worldwide.[17]

Planned flotation

ZIM Barcelona off California, 2008

In 2008, ZIM planned to launch an initial public offering and selling 25% of its shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, but due to the onset of the global economic crisis it was called off.[18] In 2009, ZIM required a cash injunction of $450 million by the Ofer family and debt restructuring following the world's container shipping downturn.[19]

In 2010, ZIM regained profitability and in early 2011 ZIM renewed its plans for a flotation on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, but again had to postpone it due to the economic downturn and the drop in container shipping rates.[20]

In July 2014, by which time the company was almost wholly owned by Israel Corporation, ZIM was restructured with 68% of the group's shares owned by its creditors and bondholders, and 32% retained by Israel Corporation.[21]

Operational statistics

ZIM's operational statistics for 2010:[22]

  • TEU's Carried - over 2.2 million
  • Total TEU Capacity (owned and chartered ships) - ~363,000 TEUs
  • Fleet - About 100 vessels, 29 fully or partly owned
  • Containers - over 600,000 TEUs of various types
  • Regional headquarters: Haifa (Israel), Norfolk, Virginia (USA), Hamburg (Germany), Hong Kong
  • Ports of Call: 180 throughout the world

See also

References

  1. ^ "Company Watch: A Look at Zim Shipping". Virginia Israel Advisory Board. 13 February 2002. Archived from the original on 7 May 2012.
  2. ^ "Company Overview of Zim Integrated Shipping Services Ltd". Businessweek. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
  3. ^ "Bergensfjord (1) (NAL: 1913-46)". Simplon Postcards - The Passenger Ship Website. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2009.
  4. ^ Children at Heart, Jerusalem Post Magazine Archived 2014-05-23 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Micke Asklander. "T/S Shalom (1964)". Fakta om Fartyg (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
  6. ^ a b "Israel Corp. to acquire state's Zim stake for $115m". Globes. 13 January 2004.
  7. ^ "Volatile atmosphere at Gaza demonstration prevents Longshoremen from entering Port of Oakland terminal (ILWU Coast Longshore Division news release)". Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  8. ^ Lee, Henry (21 August 2014). "Ship hit by protests unloads, leaves Oakland". sfgate.com. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  9. ^ "Local Groups Picket Israeli Ship at Port of Long Beach". Long Beach Post. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  10. ^ "Protesters Fail to Block Zim Ship in Tacoma". The Maritime Executive. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  11. ^ "Israeli cargo ship heads for L.A. to unload after Oakland protest". Reuters. 29 September 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  12. ^ "Israeli ship remains at sea as thousands of protesters gather in Oakland". The Guardian. 17 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  13. ^ "Calif. protesters block Israel-owned ship at Port of Oakland". Washington Times. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  14. ^ "Protesters: We prevented Zim ship from unloading cargo in LA". Haaretz. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  15. ^ Secrets of shakshuka, Haaretz
  16. ^ "דוח שנתי 55ב לשנת 2004 ולחשבונות שנת הכספים 2003 - הליך מכירתן של מניות צים שבידי המדינה [Annual Report for 2004 and fiscal year 2003 - Sale of ZIM shares held by the State]". mevaker.gov.il. 2013. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2013. Template:He icon
  17. ^ Tal, Levy (10.07.2006). "Zim's Newlog unit in merger talks with UTi and Transclal". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 22 January 2014. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ Wright, Robert (17 June 2008). "Israel Corp calls off Zim shipping flotation". Financial Times.
  19. ^ Wright, Robert (24 November 2011). "Zim and MISC signal deepening container ship crisis". Financial Times.
  20. ^ Rochvarger, Michael (27 June 2011). "Ofers' Zim navigates around obstacles on way to Hong Kong Stock Exchange IPO". Haaretz.
  21. ^ "Oakland workers on docks refuse to load shipo from Israel". San Francisco Star. 19 August 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2014. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  22. ^ ZIM Integrated Shipping: Facts & Figures Archived 2012-03-30 at the Wayback Machine
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