Zbruch
| Zbruch | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Native name | |
| Location | |
| Country | Ukraine |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Shchasnivka, Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast |
| • coordinates | 49°43′42″N 26°09′57″E / 49.7283°N 26.1658°E |
| Mouth | Dniester |
• coordinates | 48°32′21″N 26°26′34″E / 48.5391°N 26.4427°E |
| Length | 244 km (152 mi) |
| Basin size | 3,395 km2 (1,311 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Dniester→ Dniester Estuary→ Black Sea |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Bovvanets, Hrabarka |
| • right | Hnyla |
 | |
The Zbruch (Ukrainian: Збруч; Polish: Zbrucz) is a river in Western Ukraine, a left tributary of the Dniester.[1]
It flows within the Podolian Upland starting from the Avratinian Upland. Zbruch is the namesake of the Zbruch idol, a sculpture of a Slavic deity (9th century) in the form of a column with a head with four faces, discovered in 1848 by the river. The idol is 2.67 m (8.8 ft) in height. From 1851 the statue is kept in the Archaeological Museum of Kraków, however its copies are available in the Moscow Historical Museum, the Ternopil Regional Museum, and the Pochaiv Museum of Atheism. Scientist consider that the idol an interpretation of the ancient Slavic of god Sviatovit sacked upon the baptizing of the local population.
Upon the river are situated a couple of small Hydro Electric Stations (Bodnariv's and Martynkiv's), while along the river are some 140 ponds. The river serves as a natural border between Ternopil and Khmelnytskyi regions. As it was mentioned above, the river flows through the Podolia Upland sneaking past the Podolian hills also known as Medobory for their honey-bearing flora (literally: Med - honey and Bory - forests). Along the river, there are recreational areas for swimming in the water. Medobory stretches from the northeastern part of the Lviv Region to the northern borders of the Republic of Moldova. The Zbruch, at its mouth, has a width of some 18 m (59 ft). The source of the river lies in relative proximity to other rivers such as the Horyn and the Sluch and used to serve as an alternative route for the tradeway "From the Varangians to Greeks". Presumably the earliest name for the river was Boruch.
The Zbruch had international significance following the first partition of Poland when between 1772 and 1793 the river was a border between Poland-Lithuania and Habsburg monarchy. After the second partition of Poland in 1793–1807 and 1815–1918 the river was a border between the Austrian Galicia on one side and Imperial Russia on the other. During that time the river was also called Pidhirtsi. Following the Polish-Ukrainian Alliance of 1920 it was intended as the border between Poland and Ukraine. After the Treaty of Riga the Polish-Soviet border was established in the area, running along the river (this situation lasted until 1939).
Charles de Gaulle, who served with the staff of the French Military Mission to Poland as an instructor of Poland's infantry during the Polish-Soviet War (1919–1921), distinguished himself in operations near the Zbrucz, where he held the rank of major in the Polish army, and won Poland's highest military decoration, the Virtuti Militari.[2]
- Sites along the river
- Medobory Nature Preserve (near towns of Husyatyn and Hrymailiv)
- National Nature Park "Podilski Tovtry"
- Monochynsk Zakaznik
- Kudryntsi Castle
- Chornokozyntsi Castle
- crossing between the towns of Pidvolochysk and Volochysk, forming historically a major border checkpoint between the Austrian crown and the Russian Empire
- town of Husiatyn, a site of Zbruch idol discovery
- Skala-Podilska Castle and park (a state architectural monument)
References
[edit]- ^ Збруч, Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- ^ Fenby, Jonathan (2010). The General: Charles De Gaulle and the France He Saved. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1847373922. Retrieved 19 November 2017, 71–74
External links
[edit]- (in Polish) Zbrucz in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland (1895)
- (in Ukrainian) Kundys, M. Zbruch - a river of unity. "Nove zhyttya". June 10, 1989 (website of "Podilski Tovtry" National Park
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