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Yatar

Coordinates: 33°9′14″N 35°19′43″E / 33.15389°N 35.32861°E / 33.15389; 35.32861
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Yatar
ياطر
Municipality
Map showing the location of Yatar within Lebanon
Map showing the location of Yatar within Lebanon
Yatar
Location within Lebanon
Coordinates: 33°9′14″N 35°19′43″E / 33.15389°N 35.32861°E / 33.15389; 35.32861
Grid position181/284 PAL
Country Lebanon
GovernorateNabatieh Governorate
DistrictBint Jbeil District
Area
 • Total
8.32 km2 (3.21 sq mi)
Elevation
710 m (2,330 ft)
Population
 • Estimate 
(2015)
1,206
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Websitehttp://www.yatar.net/

Yatar or Yater (Arabic: ياطر) is a Lebanese municipality located in Bint Jbeil District. It is 112 kilometers away from Beirut.[1]

Etymology

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E. H. Palmer wrote that the name Yatar came from a personal name.[2]

History

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Antiquity

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Yatar is identified with Yatir (Hebrew: יתיר), a place referenced in the Baraita on the "Boundaries of the Land of Israel" as part of the delineation of the northwestern border of Jewish resettlement following the return from Babylonian exile. Scholarly analysis suggests that this text describes the Hasmonean or Herodian periods (2nd or 1st century BCE). Another possibility is At Tiri, although Finkelstein and Frankel argue that Yater is more plausible.[3][4]

Yatar was mentioned in the 3rd century Mosaic of Rehob.[4]

Ottoman period

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In 1852, Edward Robinson visited and found "some few remains of antiquity", including two excavated chambers at the south of the village.[5]

In 1875 Victor Guérin found Yatar to have 160 Metawileh inhabitants.[6] He further said that the ancient name of Yatar must have been Yattir or Jether; "Two other rocky hills, situated, the first to the south, the second to the south-west of this village, served as cemeteries to the ancient city. All the stones with which it was built were taken from this place. Vast quarries, cisterns, presses, and tombs, have been cut in the sides and on the summits of these hills, which are separated by a narrow valley. The greater contained each nine loculi, grouped three to left, and at the end under a vaulted arcosolium. The facade of two among them is pierced by several small niches, some designed for simple lamps, others for statuettes. One of these caves seems to have been set aside for some sacred purpose."[7]

According to the SWP: "There are three rock-cut tombs, with side loculi and kokim, at this village; one of these has an olive-press inside. The rock is much quarried round, and the place has the appearance of having been an ancient site. There is also a rock-cut wine-press and ruined birkeh. To the north-west there are two ruined watch-towers, with rough-hewn stones. To the north there is another similar, with a cistern."[8]

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as: "A stone village, containing about 300 Metawileh, situated on hill-top, with olives and arable land about, having a birket and many cisterns and a spring near it."[9]

Modern period

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During the Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon, 15 September 1991, two Palestinian gunmen ambushed a Nepali UNIFIL patrol near Yatar. One Nepali soldier was killed and another wounded. One of the gunmen was killed by return fire while the other escaped.[10]

The Israeli Army occupied Yatar and neighbouring Kafra, 20 February 1992, in a 24 hour incursion, backed by tanks, helicopters and heavy artillery. Around 100 buildings were destroyed, including a mosque, school and community center.[11] Two Israeli soldiers were killed during the offensive and a young girl was killed in northern Israel by a subsequent rocket attack.[12]

On 22 February 1993, a Nepali soldier serving with UNIFIL was killed by Israeli artillery fire near Yatar.[13] Two years later, 20 March 1995, another Nepali soldier was also killed and three others wounded by Israeli shelling in the same area.[14]

Two men installing a water tank on top of a house in Yatar were killed by an Israeli missile on 30 March 1996. Hezbollah responded by firing rockets into northern Israel. It was one of the incidents in the build-up to Operation Grapes of Wrath the following month which caused massive destruction across all of the south of Lebanon.[15]

Demographics

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In 2014 Muslims made up 99.50% of registered voters in Yatar. 98.64% of the voters were Shiite Muslims.[16]

Notable people

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References

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  1. ^ Localiban. "Yater - Localiban". www.localiban.org. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  2. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 104
  3. ^ פרנקל, רפאל; פינקלשטיין, ישראל; Frankel, Raphael; Finkelstein, Israel (1983). "'The Northwest Corner of Eretz-Israel' in the Baraita 'Boundaries of Eretz-Israel' / 'מקצוע צפונית מערבית של ארץ-ישראל' בברייתת התחומין". Cathedra: For the History of Eretz Israel and Its Yishuv / קתדרה: לתולדות ארץ ישראל ויישובה (27): 44–45. ISSN 0334-4657.
  4. ^ a b Frankel, R. & Finkelstein, I. (1983), p. 44
  5. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1856, pp. 61-62
  6. ^ Guerin, 1880, pp. 413-4
  7. ^ Guerin, 1880, pp. 413-4; in Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 260
  8. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 260
  9. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 203
  10. ^ "Two Unifil Soldiers Killed in Two Encounters in Lebanon". 16 September 1991.
  11. ^ Middle East International No 422, 3 April 1992, Publishers Lord Mayhew, Dennis Walters MP; Michael Jansen p.12
  12. ^ Middle East International No 420, 6 March 1992; Gerald Butt p.7
  13. ^ Middle East International No 445, 5 March 1993; February chronology p.15
  14. ^ "U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 1995 - Lebanon". Refworld. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  15. ^ Middle East International No 524, 26 April 1996: Godfrey Jansen pp.4-5
  16. ^ https://lub-anan.com/المحافظات/النبطية/بنت-جبيل/ياطر/المذاهب/

Bibliography

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