Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
Appearance
(Redirected from Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of East and Southeast Asia)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Y-DNA_haplogroup_migration_in_East_Asia_map.png/300px-Y-DNA_haplogroup_migration_in_East_Asia_map.png)
The tables below provide statistics on the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups most commonly found among ethnolinguistic groups and populations from East and South-East Asia.
ST means Sino-Tibetan languages.
Main table
[edit]Population | Language | n | C | D | F | K[nb 1] | N | O1a | O1b | O2 | P | Q | Others | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Achang (Lianghe, Yunnan) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 40 | 5.0 | 0 | 2.5 | ≥10.0 | 82.5 | 0 | Shi 2005 Yang 2005 | |||||
Aeta (Philippines) | Austronesian | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 | NO=12, S=60 | Karafet 2015[1] |
Aini (Xishuangbanna) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 52 | 11.5 | 0 | 3.8 | O2a= 7.7 |
40.4 | 0 | K(xO1a,O2a,O3,P) =34.6, F(xK)=1.9 |
Wen 2004[2] | ||||
Ainu | Ainu | 16 | 12.5 | 87.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tajima 2004[3] | |||
Andamanese | Andamanese | 37 | 0 | 73.0 | 5.4 | 0 | 0 | 2.7 | 5.4 | 10.8 | 0 | Thangaraj 2002[4] | ||
Balinese (Indonesia) | Austronesian | 551 | 1.8 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 18.1 | 58.8 | 6.9 | 0.4 | H=3.4 | Karafet 2005[5] | ||
Borneo (Indonesia) | Austronesian | 86 | 22.1 | 0 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 9.3 | 20.9 | 36.0 | 0 | 0 | H=1.2, R=2.3, S=5.8 | Karafet 2010[6] |
Chin (Chin State) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 19 | 42.1 | 52.6 | Peng 2014[7] | |||||||||
South China | ST, HM | 384 | 9.6 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 4.4 | 6.8 | 17.4 | 57.8 | 0.3 | Karafet 2005[5] | |||
Daur | Altaic (Mongolic) | 39 | 30.8 | 0 | 0 | ≥7.7 | ≥5.1 | 20.5 | 25.6 | 0 | K2a(xN1,O)=2.6 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=2.6 |
Xue 2006[8] | ||
Deng (Zayü County) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 109 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 94.4 | Kang 2012[9] | |||||||
East Asia | East Asian languages | 988 | 19.9 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 16.3 | 33.7 | R1a=2.8 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
Filipino | Austronesian | 50 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 46 | 38 | Tajima 2004[3] | |||||
Filipino | Austronesian | 115 | 5 | 20 | 28 | 3 | 39 | S=2 | Scheinfeldt 2006[10] | |||||
Garo | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 71 | 8.5 | 0 | ≥11.3 | 59.2 | 7.0 | H1a=1.4, F(xH,J2,K)=4.2 O(xO2a,O3)=4.2 K(xL,O,P)=4.2 |
Reddy 2007[11] | |||||
Han (China) | ST (Sinitic) | 166 | 6.0 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 16.3 | 55.4 | 0.6 | Karafet 2005[5] | |||
Han (Chengdu, Sichuan) | ST (Sinitic) | 34 | 11.8 | 0 | 0 | 2.9 | 14.7 | 17.6 | 52.9 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
Han (Meixian, Guangdong) | ST (Sinitic) | 35 | 8.6 | 0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 20.0 | 14.3 | 51.4 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
Han (Harbin, Heilongjiang) | ST (Sinitic) | 35 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | 5.7 | 2.9 | 8.6 | 65.7 | 0 | J=2.9 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
Han (Lanzhou, Gansu) | ST (Sinitic) | 30 | 20.0 | 6.7 | 0 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 3.3 | 36.7 | 0 | J=10.0 R1a1=6.7 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.3 |
Xue 2006[8] | ||
Han (Xi'an) | ST (Sinitic) | 34 | 23.53 | 8.82 | 5.88 | 8.82 | 8.82 | 38.24 | 2.94 | R=2.94 | Kim 2011[12] | |||
Han (Yili, Xinjiang) | ST (Sinitic) | 32 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 9.4 | 0 | 9.4 | 12.5 | 46.9 | R1a1=6.3 P(xR1a1)=3.1 Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9 |
Xue 2006[8] | |||
Han (Taiwan) | ST (Sinitic) | 183 | 6.3 | 0.3 | 22.4 | 8.5 | 58.2 | 1.1 | Tsai 2001[13] | |||||
Hani (China) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 34 | 17.6 | 0 | 0 | 11.8 | 0 | 50.0 | 17.6 | 0 | Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
Hezhe (China) | Altaic (Tungusic) | 45 | 28.9 | 0 | 0 | 17.8 | 0 | 6.7 | 44.4 | 0 | K2a(xN1,O)=2.2 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
Hmong–Mien (China) | Hmong–Mien | 169 | 8.9 | 3.6 | 0 | 1.2 | 3.6 | 22.5 | 61.5 | 0 | Karafet 2005[5] | |||
Hui (Ningxia, China) | Sino-Tibetan | 54 | 1.9 | R1b = 3.7; R1a = 11.1; J = 9.3; L = 1.9 |
Karafet 2001[14] | |||||||||
Northeast India | Tibeto-Burman | 173 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 0 | 86.7 | 0 | H=2.9 | Cordaux 2004[15] | ||||
East Indonesia | Austronesian, Papuan | 344 | 61.9 | 0 | 10.5 | 2.6 | 7.3 | S=11,M=4 | Mona 2009[16] | |||||
Japan | Japanese | 259 | 8.5 | 34.8 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | 31.6 | 20.1 | 0 | 0.4 | NO=2.3, I=0.4, R=0.4 | Hammer 2005[17] |
Japan | Japanese | 263 | 5.3 | 39.2 | 0 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 34.2 | 16.7 | 0.4 | 0 | Nonaka 2007[18] | ||
Japan | Japanese | 2390 | C1=4.7 C2=6.1 |
32.2 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 33.1 | 19.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sato 2014[19] |
Japan (Kyushu) | Japanese | 53 | 7.5 | 25.7 | 0 | 0 | 3.8 | 0 | 35.8 | 26.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hammer 2005[17] |
Japan (Tokushima) | Japanese | 70 | 12.8 | 25.7 | 0 | 0 | 7.1 | 0 | 32.9 | 21.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hammer 2005[17] |
Japan (Tokyo) | Japanese | 56 | 36.0 | 3.2 | 18.0 | Poznik et al. (2016)[20] | ||||||||
Japan (Kantō) | Japanese | 137 | 3.6 | 48.2 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 3.07 | 14.5 | 0.7 | Nonaka 2007[18] | |||
Western Japan | Japanese | 97 | 7.2 | 26.8 | 4.1 | 37.1 | 23.9 | 0 | Nonaka 2007[18] | |||||
Java | Austronesian | 53 | 1.9 | 0 | 1.9 | 0 | 22.6 | 41.5 | 22.6 | R1=3.8 | Kayser 2002[21] | |||
Khalkh | Altaic (Mongolic) | 85 | 56.5 | 3.5 | 2.4[22] | 0 | 0 | 18.8 | J=2.4, N1c=4.7 P(xR1a1)=4.7 R1a1=3.5 K(xN1c,O,P)=3.5 |
Katoh 2004[23] | ||||
Korea | Korean | 317 | 9.1 | 0 | 4.1 | 30.3 | 44.5 | 0.6 | Shin 2001[24] | |||||
Korea | Korean | 110 | 15.5 | 0 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 28.2 | 45.5 | K(xNO)=1.8 | Kim 2007[25] | ||||
Koreans (China) | Korean | 25 | 12.0 | 0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0 | 32.0 | 40.0 | 0 | BT(xC,DE,J,K)=8.0 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
Koreans (Korea) | Korean | 43 | 16.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0 | 30.2 | 39.5 | P(xR1a1)=2.3 J=2.3 |
Xue 2006[8] | ||||
Koreans (Seoul-Gyeonggi) | Korean | 110 | 13.6 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 28.2 | 50.9 | 2.7 | L=0.9 | Kim 2011[12] | |||
Koreans (Gangwon) | Korean | 63 | 12.7 | 6.4 | 1.6 | 39.7 | 38.1 | 1.6 | Kim 2011[12] | |||||
Koreans (Chungcheong) | Korean | 72 | 11.1 | 1.4 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 30.6 | 50 | 1.4 | Kim 2011[12] | ||||
Koreans (Jeolla) | Korean | 90 | 13.3 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 33.3 | 43.3 | L=1.1 | Kim 2011[12] | ||||
Koreans (Gyeongsang) | Korean | 84 | 16.7 | 2.4 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 33.3 | 36.9 | 1.2 | L=1.2 R=1.2 |
Kim 2011[12] | |||
Koreans (Jeju) | Korean | 87 | 8.1 | 1.2 | 6.9 | 5.8 | 32.2 | 43.7 | 1.2 | R=1.2 | Kim 2011[12] | |||
South Korea | Korean | 506 | 12.6 | 1.6 | 0 | 4.5 | 1.8 | 32.4 | 44.3 | 1.4 | L=0.6, R=0.4 | Kim 2011[12] | ||
South Korea | Korean | 706 | 12.9 | 2.5 | 0 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 33.4 | 42.1 | 1.8 | R=0.1, J1=0.1 | Park 2012[26] | ||
Lhoba (Mainling County) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 61 | 0 | 20.8 | 0 | 34.6 | 33.8 | 0.8 | J=0.8, R=7.7 O(xO3)=1.5 |
Kang 2012[9] | ||||
Island South East Asia | Austronesian | 312 | 15.7 | 24.4 | 23.7 | 14.1 | 18.6 | M1=5.4 | Capelli 2001[27] | |||||
Island South East Asia | Austronesian, Papuan | 272 | 9.9 | 8.8 | 20.2 | 18.7 | 22.1 | S=4, M=3 | Kayser 2006[28] | |||||
Austronesian | 50 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 32 | 30 | M=2 | Scheinfeldt 2006[10] | ||||
Manchu | Sinitic, Tungusic | 101 | 16.8 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 33.7 | 42.6 | O*(xO1,O2b,O3) =1.0, P*(xR1a)=1.0 |
Katoh 2004[23] | |||||
Manchu | Sinitic, Tungusic | 35 | 25.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 14.3 | 2.9 | 14.3 | 37.1 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
Mongolia | Mongolic | 149 | 8.1 | G=0.7; J=2.7 | Hammer 2005[17] | |||||||||
Mongolia | Mongolic | 65 | 53.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 10.6 | 0 | 1.5 | 10.6 | 4.5 | R1=9.1 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
Inner Mongolia | Mongolic, Sinitic | 45 | 46.7 | 0 | 4.4 | 13.3 | 0 | 2.2 | 28.9 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
Naga (Myanmar) | Tibeto-Burman | 15 | 100 | Peng 2014[7] | ||||||||||
Negritos (Philippines) | Austronesian | 64 | 10.8 | 50.8 | 13.8 | 4.6 | O(xM122)=18.5, others=1.5 | Heyer 2013[29] | ||||||
Oroqen | Tungusic | 31 | 61.3 | 0 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 19.4 | 0 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.2 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
Qiang | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 33 | 0 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 36.4 | BT(xC,DE,J,K)=9.1 P(xR1a1)=6.1 |
Xue 2006[8] | |||
Sibe | Tungusic | 41 | 26.8 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 17.1 | 7.3 | 2.4 | 26.8 | J=7.3 P(xR1a1)=2.4 BT(xC,DE,J,K)=2.4 |
Xue 2006[8] | |||
Sulawesi | Austronesian | 54 | 22.2 | 0 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 0 | 21.4 | 13.0 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | R=3.7, M=3.7, S=5.6 | Karafet 2010[6] |
Sumatra | Austronesian | 57 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 3.5 | 0 | 17.5 | 14 | 29.8 | S=3 | Kayser 2006[28] | ||
Taiwanese aborigines | Austronesian | 246 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66.3 | 10.6 | 11.0 | Capelli 2001[27] | ||||
Thai | Tai–Kadai | 34 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 8.8 | 35.3 | O(xO1,O3)=44.1 | Tajima 2004[3] | ||||
Tibet | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 156 | 2.6 | 51.6 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 33.9 | 3.2 | H=1.9, R1a=1.9 | Gayden 2007[30] | ||
Tibetans (Lhasa, Tibet) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 46 | 8.7 | 41.3 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 39.1 | 4.3 | Wen 2004[2] | ||
Tibetans (Zhongdian, Yunnan) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 50 | 4.0 | 36.0 | 12.0 | 0 | 4.0 | 44.0 | 0 | Wen 2004[31] | ||||
Tibetans (Yushu, Qinghai) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 92 | 14.1 | 22.8 | 14.1 | 21.7 | 1.1 | 19.6 | 6.5 | Wen 2004[2] | ||||
Tibetans (Guide, Qinghai) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 39 | 2.6 | 48.7 | 5.1[32] | 7.7 | 0 | 10.3 | J=5.1, R1a1=2.6 P(xR1a1)=2.6 |
Zhou 2008[33] | ||||
Tibetans | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 35 | 0 | 42.9 | 0 | 8.6 | 0 | 0 | 40.0 | 0 | R1a1=8.6 | Xue 2006[8] | ||
Tibeto-Burman | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 964 | 8.4 | 18.5 | 5.4 | 17.7 | 3.1 | 6.3 | 38.7 | Wen 2004[2] | ||||
Tujia (Hunan) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 155 | 15.5 | 1.3 | 12.9 | 9.7 | 3.9 | 53.5 | 1.9 | Wen 2004[2] | ||||
Uyghur | Altaic (Turkic) | 70 | 7.1 | 1.4 | 7.1 | 8.6 | 1.4 | 0 | 11.4 | others=63 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
Vietnamese | Austroasiatic | 70 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 0 | 2.9 | 5.7 | 32.9 | 40.0 | 7.1 | J=2.9 | Karafet 2005[5] | ||
Yao (Bama, Guangxi) | Hmong–Mien | 35 | 17.1 | 2.9 | 0 | 2.9 | 40.0 | 34.3 | 0 | K2a(xN1,O)=2.9 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
Yao (Liannan, Guangdong) | Hmong–Mien | 35 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.7 | 8.6 | 82.9 | 0 | Xue 2006[8] | |||
Yi (Sichuan, Yunnan) | ST (Tibeto-Burman) | 125 | 5.6 | 0.8 | 18 | 28.0 | 0.8 | 7.2 | 28.8 | Wen 2004[2] | ||||
Zakhchin | Altaic (Mongolic) | 60 | 46.7 | 3.3 | 1.7[34] | N1c= 3.3 |
0 | O2b= 3.3 |
8.3 | R1a1=13.3 O(xO1a,O2b,O3) =8.3, J=1.7 P(xR1a1)=5.0 K(xN1c,O,P)=5.0 |
Katoh 2004[23] | |||
Zhuang (Yongbei) | Tai–Kadai | 23 | 8.7 | 4.35 | 4.35 | 17.39 | 30.44 | 17.4 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=21.704 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||
Zhuang (Youjiang) | Tai–Kadai | 5 | 40 | 20 | 20 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=20 | Chen 2006[35] | |||||||
Zhuang (Tianlin) | Tai–Kadai | 22 | 4.55 | 72.73 | 9.1 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.64 | Chen 2006[35] | |||||||
Bouyei (Guibian) | Tai–Kadai | 4 | 25 | 25 | 25 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=25 | Chen 2006[35] | |||||||
Zhuang (Hongshuihe) | Tai–Kadai | 39 | 2.56 | 5.13 | 5.13 | 10.26 | 12.82 | 41.02 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=23.08 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||
Zhuang (Guibei) | Tai–Kadai | 21 | 4.76 | 4.76 | 4.76 | 4.76 | 9.52 | 28.58 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=38.1 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||
Zhuang (Yongnan) | Tai–Kadai | 19 | 5.26 | 10.53 | 21.06 | 42.1 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=15.79 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||||
Tay (Zuojiang) | Tai–Kadai | 15 | 6.67 | 40 | 20 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=33.33 | Chen 2006[35] | |||||||
Zhuang (Shangsi) | Tai–Kadai | 15 | 20 | 66.67 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.33 | Chen 2006[35] | ||||||||
Nung (Dejing) | Tai–Kadai | 3 | O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=100 | Chen 2006[35] |
Austronesian and Tai-Kadai
[edit]The following is a table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Austro-Tai peoples (i.e., Tai-Kadai peoples and Austronesian peoples).[36]
Ethnolinguistic group | Language branch | n | C | D (xD1) |
D1 | F(xK) | M | K[nb 2] | O (xO1a, O1b1a1a,O2) |
O1a(xO1a2) | O1a2 (M110/M50) | O1b1a1a (xO1b1a1a1a1a) |
O1b1a1a1a1a (M111/M88) | O2 (xO2a1a1a1a1, O2a2a1a2, O2a2b1a1) |
O2a1a1a1a1 (M121) | O2a2a1a2[broken anchor] (M7) | O2a2b1 (xO2a2b1a1) |
O2a2b1a1 (M117) | P (inc. Q & R) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bolyu | Austroasiatic (Pakanic) | 30 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 23.3 | 30.0 | 6.7 | 10.0 | ||||||||
Buyang (Yerong) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 16 | 62.5 | 6.3 | 18.8 | 12.5 | |||||||||||||
Qau (Bijie) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 13 | 15.4 | 7.7 | 23.1 | 15.4 | 30.8 | 7.7 | |||||||||||
Blue Gelao (Longlin) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 30 | 3.3 | 13.3 | 60.0 | 16.7 | 3.3 | 3.3 | |||||||||||
Lachi | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 30 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 16.7 | 6.7 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 23.3 | |||||||
Mulao (Majiang) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 30 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 13.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 63.3 | 3.3 | ||||||||||
Red Gelao (Dafang) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 31 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 22.6 | 22.6 | 16.1 | 12.9 | 16.1 | ||||||||||
White Gelao (Malipo) | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 14 | 35.7 | 14.3 | 42.9 | 7.1 | |||||||||||||
Hlai (Qi, Tongza) | Tai-Kadai (Hlai) | 34 | 35.3 | 32.4 | 29.4 | 2.9 | |||||||||||||
Jiamao | Tai-Kadai (Hlai) | 27 | 25.9 | 51.9 | 22.2 | ||||||||||||||
Paha | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 32 | 3.1 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 9.4 | 3.1 | 71.9 | |||||||||||
Cun | Tai-Kadai (Hlai) | 31 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 9.7 | 38.7 | 38.7 | 3.2 | |||||||||||
Qabiao | Tai-Kadai (Kra) | 25 | 32.0 | 4.0 | 60.0 | 4.0 | |||||||||||||
Caolan | Tai-Kadai (Central Tai) | 30 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 53.3 | 3.3 | 20.0 | 3.3 | |||||||||||
Zhuang, Northern (Wuming) | Tai-Kadai (Northern Tai) | 22 | 13.6 | 4.6 | 72.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | ||||||||||||
Zhuang, Southern (Chongzuo) | Tai-Kadai (Central Tai) | 15 | 13.3 | 20.0 | 60.0 | 6.7 | |||||||||||||
Lingao | Tai-Kadai (Be) | 30 | 3.3 | 16.7 | 26.7 | 13.3 | 3.3 | 10.0 | 26.7 | ||||||||||
E | Tai-Kadai (Northern Tai) | 31 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 9.7 | 16.1 | 6.5 | 54.8 | 3.2 | 3.2 | |||||||||
Lakkia | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 23 | 4.4 | 52.2 | 4.4 | 8.7 | 26.1 | 4.4 | |||||||||||
Kam (Sanjiang) | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 38 | 21.1 | 5.3 | 10.5 | 39.5 | 10.5 | 2.6 | 10.5 | ||||||||||
Sui (Rongshui) | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 50 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 18.0 | 44.0 | 20.0 | ||||||||||||
Mak & Ai-Cham | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 40 | 2.5 | 87.5 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | ||||||||||||
Mulam | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 40 | 2.5 | 12.5 | 7.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 25.0 | 30.0 | 7.5 | 5.0 | ||||||||
Maonan | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 32 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 15.6 | 56.3 | 9.4 | ||||||||||||
Biao | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 34 | 2.9 | 5.9 | 14.7 | 17.7 | 52.9 | 5.9 | |||||||||||
Then | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 30 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 33.3 | 50.0 | 6.7 | 3.3 | |||||||||||
Tanka (Lingshui) | Sinitic | 40 | 20.0 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 7.5 | 17.5 | 7.5 | 5.0 | 17.5 | 2.5 | 15.0 | |||||||
Cao Miao | Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) | 33 | 8.2 | 10.0 | 3.0 | 66.7 | 12.1 | ||||||||||||
Amis | Austronesian (Formosan) | 28 | 7.1 | 42.8 | 17.8 | 7.1 | 21.4 | 3.6 | |||||||||||
Pazeh | Austronesian (Formosan) | 21 | 14.3 | 38.1 | 19.1 | 14.3 | 14.3 | ||||||||||||
Siraya (Makatao) | Austronesian (Formosan) | 37 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 5.4 | 70.3 | 5.4 | 13.5 | |||||||||||
Thao | Austronesian (Formosan) | 22 | 4.6 | 81.8 | 4.6 | 9.1 | |||||||||||||
Paiwan | Austronesian (Formosan) | 22 | 63.6 | 27.3 | 9.1 | ||||||||||||||
Atayal | Austronesian (Formosan) | 22 | 95.5 | 4.5 | |||||||||||||||
Rukai | Austronesian (Formosan) | 11 | 81.8 | 18.2 | |||||||||||||||
Puyuma | Austronesian (Formosan) | 11 | 72.7 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | |||||||||||||
Tsou | Austronesian (Formosan) | 18 | 88.9 | 5.6 | 5.6 | ||||||||||||||
Bunun | Austronesian (Formosan) | 17 | 5.9 | 17.6 | 58.8 | 17.6 | |||||||||||||
Saisiyat | Austronesian (Formosan) | 11 | 45.5 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 27.3 | ||||||||||||
Batak | Austronesian (Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands) | 13 | 11.6 | 19.3 | 23.1 | 15.4 | 23.1 | 7.7 | |||||||||||
Bangka | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 13 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 30.8 | 23.1 | 23.1 | 7.7 | |||||||||||
Malay (Riau) | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 13 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 23.1 | 7.7 | ||||||||||
Minangkabau | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 15 | 6.7 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 13.3 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |||||||||||
Palembang | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 11 | 9.1 | 63.6 | 18.2 | 9.1 | |||||||||||||
Nias | Austronesian (Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands) | 12 | 8.3 | 91.7 | |||||||||||||||
Dayak (Kalimantan Tengah) | Austronesian (Bornean) | 15 | 6.7 | 26.7 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 13.3 | ||||||||||
Banjar | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 15 | 13.3 | 6.7 | 26.7 | 26.7 | 26.7 | ||||||||||||
Javanese | Austronesian (Javanese) | 15 | 26.7 | 26.7 | 20.0 | 13.3 | 13.3 | ||||||||||||
Tengger | Austronesian (Javanese) | 12 | 16.7 | 8.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 8.3 | ||||||||||||
Balinese | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 14 | 28.6 | 14.3 | 7.1 | 28.6 | 14.3 | 7.1 | |||||||||||
Bugis | Austronesian (South Sulawesi) | 15 | 13.3 | 20.0 | 33.3 | 26.7 | 6.7 | ||||||||||||
Torajan | Austronesian (South Sulawesi) | 15 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 6.7 | 33.3 | 6.7 | ||||||||||
Minahasa | Austronesian (Philippine) | 14 | 7.1 | 50.0 | 21.4 | 7.1 | 14.3 | ||||||||||||
Makassar | Austronesian (South Sulawesi) | 13 | 23.1 | 30.8 | 15.4 | 7.7 | 23.1 | ||||||||||||
Kaili | Austronesian (Celebic) | 15 | 6.7 | 33.3 | 20.0 | 6.7 | 26.7 | 6.7 | |||||||||||
Sasak | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 15 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 26.7 | 6.7 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |||||||||||
Sumbawa | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 18 | 16.7 | 83.3 | |||||||||||||||
Sumba | Austronesian (CEMP) | 14 | 14.3 | 78.6 | 7.1 | ||||||||||||||
Alor | Trans–New Guinea | 13 | 38.5 | 30.7 | 23.1 | 7.7 | |||||||||||||
Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) |
Austronesian (CEMP) | 11 | 45.5 | 36.4 | 18.2 | ||||||||||||||
Cham (Binh Dinh) |
Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 11 | 9.1 | 90.9 | |||||||||||||||
Utsuls | Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) | 31 | 12.9 | 16.1 | 58.1 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 3.2 |
Tibeto-Burman branch of Sino-Tibetan
[edit]The following table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Tibeto-Burman-speaking peoples of western and southwestern China is from Wen, et al. (2004).[2]
Population | n | C-M130 | D* | D1-M15 | F(xK) | K(xO,P1) | O2 (M122) | O2a2b1 (M134) | O1a (M119) | O1b1a1a (M95) | P1 (M45) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tibetan (Qinghai) | 92 | 14.13 | 20.65 | 2.17 | 14.13 | 21.74 | 5.43 | 14.13 | 1.09 | 6.52 | |
Tibetan (Tibet 1) | 75 | 2.67 | 33.33 | 16 | 2.67 | 5.33 | 1.33 | 32 | 6.67 | ||
Tibetan (Tibet 2) | 46 | 8.7 | 23.91 | 17.39 | 4.35 | 4.35 | 34.78 | 2.17 | 4.35 | ||
Tibetan (Diqing) | 27 | 44.44 | 3.7 | 14.81 | 7.41 | 29.63 | |||||
Tibetan (Zhongdian) | 49 | 2.04 | 28.57 | 8.16 | 2.04 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 34.69 | 4.08 | ||
Bai (Dali) | 61 | 8.2 | 1.64 | 4.92 | 18.03 | 16.39 | 34.43 | 4.92 | 11.48 | ||
Lisu (Fugong) | 49 | 2.04 | 22.45 | 4.08 | 61.22 | 8.16 | 2.04 | ||||
Nakhi | 40 | 2.5 | 37.5 | 7.5 | 2.5 | 5 | |||||
Nu | 28 | 3.57 | 3.57 | 14.29 | 71.43 | 7.14 | |||||
Pumi | 47 | 6.38 | 70.21 | 2.13 | 6.38 | 2.13 | 6.38 | 4.26 | 2.13 | ||
Yi (Liangshan) | 14 | 14.29 | 42.86 | 21.43 | 7.14 | 14.29 | |||||
Yi (Shuangbai) | 50 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 38 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |
Yi (Butuo) | 43 | 2.33 | 16.28 | 4.65 | 34.88 | 4.65 | 27.91 | 9.3 | |||
Aini (Xishuangbanna) | 52 | 11.54 | 1.92 | 34.62 | 26.92 | 13.46 | 3.85 | 7.69 | |||
Bai (Xishuangbanna) | 20 | 2 | 3 | 25 | 15 | 1 | |||||
Hani (Xishuangbanna) | 34 | 11.76 | 35.29 | 32.35 | 14.71 | 2.94 | 2.94 | ||||
Jino | 36 | 13.89 | 5.56 | 36.11 | 19.44 | 19.44 | 5.56 | ||||
Lahu (Simao) | 13 | 15.38 | 30.77 | 15.38 | 15.38 | 15.38 | 7.69 | ||||
Lahu (Xishuangbanna) | 15 | 6.67 | 2 | 33.33 | 6.67 | 2 | 13.33 | ||||
Yi (Xishuangbanna) | 18 | 11.11 | 5.56 | 33.33 | 27.78 | 16.67 | 5.56 | ||||
Tujia (western Hunan) | 68 | 14.71 | 2.94 | 10.29 | 29.41 | 26.47 | 7.35 | 8.82 | |||
Tujia (Yongshun) | 38 | 5.26 | 2.63 | 23.68 | 39.47 | 10.53 | 15.79 | 2.63 | |||
Tujia (Jishou) | 49 | 24.49 | 2.04 | 8.16 | 30.61 | 22.45 | 8.16 | 4.08 |
See also
[edit]- Y-DNA haplogroups by group
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas
- Far East
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karafet, T., Mendez, F., Sudoyo, H. et al. Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia. Eur J Hum Genet 23, 369–373 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.106
- ^ a b c d e f g Bo Wen 2004, Analyses of Genetic Structure of Tibeto-Burman Populations Reveals Sex-Biased Admixture in Southern Tibeto-Burmans
- ^ a b c Atsushi Tajima; et al. (March 2, 2004). "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics. 49 (4): 187–193. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x. OCLC 110247689. PMID 14997363.
- ^ Kumarasamy Thangaraj et al 2002, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population Archived October 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d e Tatiana M. Karafet 2005, Balinese Y-chromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia: genetic contributions from pre-neolithic hunter-gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders
- ^ a b Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox, Herawati Sudoyo, Sean Downey, J. Stephen Lansing, Michael F. Hammer, Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 27, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 1833–1844, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq063
- ^ a b Peng Min-Sheng, et al. (2014) Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data. European Journal of Human Genetics volume 22, pages 1046–1050 (2014). doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.272
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Yali Xue et al 2006, Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times Archived September 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Kang Longli, Lu Y, Wang C, Hu K, Chen F, Liu K, Li S, Jin L, Li H; Genographic Consortium (2012). Y-chromosome O3 haplogroup diversity in Sino-Tibetan populations reveals two migration routes into the eastern Himalayas. Annals of Human Genetics (2012) 76,92–99.
- ^ a b Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer and Joseph Lorenz, "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia," Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006 23(8):1628-1641
- ^ B. Mohan Reddy 2007, Austro-Asiatic Tribes of Northeast India Provide Hitherto Missing Genetic Link between South and Southeast Asia
- ^ a b c d e f g h Soon-Hee Kim 2011, High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea
- ^ Li-Chin Tsai 2001, Haplotype frequencies of nine Y-chromosome STR loci in the Taiwanese Han population
- ^ Karafet, Tatiana; Xu, Liping; Du, Ruofu; et al. (September 2001). "Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes". American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (615–628): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
- ^ Cordaux, Richard et al 2004, The Northeast Indian Passageway: A Barrier or Corridor for Human Migrations?
- ^ Mona, Stefano et al 2009, Genetic Admixture History of Eastern Indonesia as Revealed by Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis
- ^ a b c d Michael F. Hammer, Tatiana M. Karafet, Hwayong Park, Keiichi Omoto, Shinji Harihara, Mark Stoneking and Satoshi Horai, "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes," Journal of Human Genetics Volume 51, Number 1 / January, 2006.
- ^ a b c I. Nonaka et al 2007, Y-chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms
- ^ Youichi Sato et al. 2014, Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males J-STAGEトップ/Anthropological Science/122 巻 (2014) 3 号/書誌/全文 The Anthropological Society of Nippon
- ^ Poznik, G. David; Xue, Yali; Mendez, Fernando L.; et al. (2016). "", "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences". Nature Genetics. 48 (6): 593–599. doi:10.1038/ng.3559. PMC 4884158. PMID 27111036.
- ^ Manfred Kayser et al 2002-2003, Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea
- ^ F(xJ,K): may include G, H or I.
- ^ a b c Toru Katoh 2004, Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed by Y-chromosomal analysis
- ^ Dong-Jik Shin et al 2001, Y-Chromosome multiplexes and their potential for the DNA profiling of Koreans
- ^ Wook Kim 2007, Lack of Association between Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population
- ^ Myung Jin Park, Hwan Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea—relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses." International Journal of Legal Medicine July 2012, Volume 126, Issue 4, pp 589–599. DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9
- ^ a b Cristian Capelli et al 2001, A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania
- ^ a b Manfred Kayser et al 2006, Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific
- ^ Heyer E, Georges M, Pachner M, Endicott P. Genetic diversity of four Filipino negrito populations from Luzon: comparison of male and female effective population sizes and differential integration of immigrants into Aeta and Agta communities. Hum Biol. 2013 Feb-Jun;85(1-3):189-208. doi: 10.3378/027.085.0310. PMID 24297226.
- ^ Tenzin Gayden et al 2007, The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow
- ^ Bo Wen, Hong Shi, Ling Ren et al., "The origin of Mosuo people as revealed by mtDNA and Y chromosome variation," Science in China Ser. C Life Sciences 2004 Vol.47 No.1 1-10
- ^ F(xJ,K); may include G, H, or I.
- ^ Ruixia Zhou 2008, Origin and evolution of two Yugur sub-clans in Northwest China: a case study in paternal genetic landscape
- ^ F(xJ,K): may include G, H, I.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Chen, Jing, et al. (2006). "Y-chromosome Genotyping and Genetic Structure of Zhuang Populations." Acta Genetica Sinica, December 2006, 33 (12): 1060-1072
- ^ Li, Hui, et al. (2008). "Paternal genetic affinity between western Austronesians and Daic populations." BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008, 8:146. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-146