Wood duck: Difference between revisions
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:''See also [[Australian Wood Duck]].'' |
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{{Taxobox |
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| name = Wood Duck |
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| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref> {{IUCN2008 |assessors= BirdLife International | year= 2008 | id=141486 | title= Aix sponsa |downloaded=24 February 2009}}</ref> |
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| image = Brautente Wood Duck Aix sponsa.jpg |
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| image_width = 250px |
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| image_caption = Male Wood Duck ''Aix sponsa'' |
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
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| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] |
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| classis = [[Bird|Aves]] |
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| ordo = [[Anseriformes]] |
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| familia = [[Anatidae]] |
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| genus = ''[[Aix (genus)|Aix]]'' |
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| species = '''''A. sponsa''''' |
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| binomial = ''Aix sponsa'' |
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 |
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| range_map = Aix sponsa dis1.PNG |
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| range_map_width = 250px |
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| range_map_caption = Nesting (light green), wintering (blue) and year-round (dark green) ranges of ''A. sponsa''. |
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}} |
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The '''Wood Duck''' or '''Carolina Duck''' (''Aix sponsa'') is a medium-sized [[perching duck]]. A typical adult is about 19 inches in length with an average wingspan of 29 inches. This is about three-quarters of the length of an adult [[Mallard]]. It shares its genus with the [[Asia]]n [[Mandarin Duck]]. |
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The adult male has distinctive multi-colored iridescent plumage and red eyes. The female, less colorful, has a white eye-ring and a whitish throat. Both adults have crested heads. When swimming, wood ducks bob their head back and forth in a jerking motion, which makes them easy to spot. |
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Their breeding habitat is wooded [[swamp]]s, shallow lakes, [[marsh]]es or ponds in eastern North America, the west coast of the [[United States]] and western [[Mexico]]. They usually nest in cavities in trees close to water, although they will take advantage of [[nesting boxes]] in wetland locations if available. The wood duck tends to fly for prolonged periods of time after reproducing. Their personality is shy and skittish. |
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Females typically lay between 9 and 14 eggs. However, if nesting boxes are placed too close together, females may lay eggs in the nests of their neighbors, which may lead to nests which may contain as many as 40 eggs and unsuccessful [[incubate (bird)|incubation]], a behavior known as "nest dumping". They prefer nesting over water so the young have a soft landing, but will nest up to {{convert|150|yd|m|-1}} away from the shoreline. The day after they hatch, the young climb to the nest entrance and jump to the ground. The baby ducks can swim and find their own food by this time. |
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[[File:WoodDuckheadDec08.jpg|thumb|left|Close-up of the head of a Wood Duck]] |
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[[File:Wood duck eclipse.jpg|thumb|left|Male in eclipse plumage]] |
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[[File:Aix sponsa chick.jpg|thumb|left|Duckling]] |
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The birds are year-round residents in [[East Texas]] and other southern parts of their range, but the northern populations migrate south for the winter. They overwinter in the southern United States near the [[Atlantic (ocean)|Atlantic]] coast. They are also popular, due to their attractive plumage, in waterfowl collections and as such are frequently recorded in [[Great Britain]] as escapes - populations have become temporarily established in [[Surrey]] in the past but are not considered to be self-sustaining in the fashion of the closely related [[Mandarin Duck]]. Given its native distribution the species is also a potential natural vagrant to Western Europe and there have been records in areas such as [[Cornwall]] and |
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the [[Isles of Scilly]] which some observers consider may relate to wild birds; however, given the Wood Duck's popularity in captivity it would be extremely difficult to prove their provenance one way or another. |
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These birds feed by dabbling or walking on land. They mainly eat berries and seeds, but also insects, making them [[omnivore]]s. |
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The male's call is a rising whistle; the female gives a whistled ''whoo-eek'' if startled. |
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[[Image:Wood_ducks.jpg|thumb|right|Male and female]] |
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[[File:WoodDuckicetakeoffDec08.jpg|thumb|right|Taking off from ice]] |
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The population of the Wood Duck was in serious decline at the beginning of the 20th century as a result of severe habitat loss and market hunting both for meat and plumage for the ladies' hat market in Europe. Banning market hunting and establishment of game laws to regulate sports hunting along with conservation efforts including widespread construction of nesting boxes in suitable habitat resulted in this species' return to sustainable numbers. |
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Landowners as well as park and refuge managers can encourage Wood Ducks by building Wood Duck nest boxes near lakes, ponds, and streams. [[Fulda, Minnesota]] has adopted the wood duck as an unofficial mascot, and a large number of nest boxes can be found in the area. In May 2009, the wood duck was recognized as the official state duck of [[South Carolina]].<ref>Wermers, Jason. [http://www.theitem.com/article/20090604/ITNEWS01/706049964/0/ITNEWS "Right whale, dolphin gain state recognition"] "The Item, 2009-06-04. Retrieved on June 4, 2009.</ref> |
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The population of the wood duck has increased a great deal in the last several years. The increase has been due to the work of many people constructing wood duck boxes and conserving vital habitat for the wood ducks to breed. During the open waterfowl season, U.S. hunters have only been allowed to take two wood ducks per day in the Atlantic and Mississippi Flyways. However, for the 2008-2009 season, the limit was raised to three. The wood duck limit remains at two in the Central Flyway and at seven in the Pacific Flyway. |
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== References ==<!-- Condor18:38 (note on decline in California). WilsonBull18:47 (migration data - compare to current Ohio checklist http://www.ohiobirds.org/publications/OBRClist.pdf). --> |
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{{reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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{{commonscat|Aix sponsa}} |
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*Animal Diversity Web: [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/sounds/Aix_sponsa.html Wood Duck call] |
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*[http://wood-ducks.blogspot.com/ Wood Duck] |
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*[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=417&m=0 BirdLife species factsheet] |
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*[http://www.redlist.org/search/details.php?species=141486 IUCN Red List] |
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*[http://www.birds.cornell.edu/programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Wood_Duck.html Wood duck information page from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology] |
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*[http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/wood_duck_info.htm Wood duck information and photos from South Dakota Birds and Birding] |
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*[http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/birds/woodduck/wdnbox.htm Plans for building and positioning Wood Duck nest boxes, from the USGS] |
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*[http://www.massaudubon.org/birdatlas/index.php?search=yes&id=45 Massachusetts Breeding general editsBird Atlas] |
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*[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/american-wood-duck-aix-sponsa Wood Duck videos] on the Internet Bird Collection |
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*[http://www.woodduckshop Wood Duck Information] |
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* {{ITIS | ID=175122 | taxon=''Aix sponsa'' | year=2009 | date=24 February}} |
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*[http://www.qc.ec.gc.ca/faune/guide/html/branchu_e.html Wood Duck] at Environment Canada |
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{{North American Game}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Duck, Wood}} |
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[[Category:Ducks|Wood Duck]] |
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[[Category:Aix|Wood Duck]] |
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[[Category:Birds of the United States]] |
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[[Category:Birds of Cuba]] |
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[[Category:Birds of Canada]] |
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[[Category:Birds of Ontario]] |
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[[Category:Non-native fauna of the British Isles]] |
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[[br:Houad Carolina]] |
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[[bg:Каролинка]] |
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[[de:Brautente]] |
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[[es:Aix sponsa]] |
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[[fr:Canard branchu]] |
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[[ko:아메리카원앙]] |
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[[it:Aix sponsa]] |
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[[hu:Karolinai réce]] |
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[[ms:Itik Kayu]] |
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[[nl:Carolina-eend]] |
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[[ja:アメリカオシ]] |
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[[no:Brudeand]] |
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[[pl:Karolinka]] |
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[[pt:Pato-carolino]] |
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[[fi:Morsiosorsa]] |
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[[sv:Brudand]] |
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Revision as of 18:52, 10 September 2009
suckk me!!!