Jump to content

Women in post-classical warfare

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Part of a series on
Women in society
Venus symbol
Society
Popular culture
Sports
See also: List of sports
By country

A variety of roles were played by women in post-classical warfare. Only women active in direct warfare, such as warriors, spies, and women who actively led armies are included in this list. James Illston says,

"the field of medieval gender studies is a growing one, and nowhere is this expansion more evident than the recent increase in studies which address the roles of medieval women in times of war....this change in research has been invaluable".

Illston provided an exhaustive bibliography of recent scholarly books and articles, most of them connected to the crusades.[1]

Timeline

[edit]
Dihya
Lathgertha
Gülnar Hatun
Æthelflæd
Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou
Empress Xiao Yanyan
Matilda of Tuscany
Florine of Burgundy
Moremi Ajasoro
Tomoe Gozen
Hōjō Masako
Hangaku Gozen
Hulagu Khan with Doquz Khatun
Rudrama Devi
Joan I of Navarre
Joanna of Flanders
Isabella of France
Jadwiga of Poland
Philippa of England commands the defenders of Copenhagen (1428)
Joan of Arc
Margaret of Anjou
Jeanne Hachette
Caterina Sforza

The antiquity ended with the 5th century, and the list therefore starts with the 6th century.

6th century

[edit]

7th century

[edit]

8th century

[edit]

9th century

[edit]

10th century

[edit]

11th century

[edit]

12th century

[edit]

13th century

[edit]

14th century

[edit]

15th century

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ James Michael Illston, "'An Entirely Masculine Activity'? Women and War in the High and Late Middle Ages Reconsidered," (Thesis, Department of History, University of Canterbury, 2009) p. 1
  2. ^ "South Carlton Lincolnshire, 25 January 2004: Saxon Burials on the Ridge from channel.4.com". Archived from the original on 20 April 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
  3. ^ Liu, Monica. "Militarist Lady Xian: the guardian of Lingnan people_History_www.newsgd.com". www.newsgd.com.
  4. ^ Shahîd, Irfan (2009). Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume II, Part 2: Economic, Social and Cultural History. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. ISBN 978-0884023470.
  5. ^ Hodgkin, Thomas. Italy and Her Invaders: The Ostrogothic invasion, 476–535. pp. 587–590
  6. ^ People, Personal Expression, and Social Relations in Late Antiquity, Volume 1, Ralph W. Mathisen University of Michigan Press, 2003 – Foreign Language Study. p. 234
  7. ^ Gregory of Tours. "Chapter 15". Historia Francorum. Vol. Book X.
  8. ^  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Olden, Thomas (1894). "Mochua". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 38. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  9. ^ He Hong Fei; Wang Jiu; Han Tie; Zhang Guangyu (2000). Peterson, Barbara Bennett (ed.). Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early Twentieth Century. Associate editors. M.E. Sharpe Inc., New York. p. 177. ISBN 978-0765605047.
  10. ^ Olsen, Kirstin (1994). Chronology of women's history. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 31. ISBN 978-0313288036.
  11. ^ Al-Hassani, Salin TS. "Women's Contribution to Classical Islamic Civilisation: Science, Medicine, and Politics". Muslim Heritage. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  12. ^ Olsen, p. 31
  13. ^ Girl Power. ABC News. Archived 27 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Role of Muslim woman in society, Afzal-ur-Rahman. Seerah Foundation, 1986, p. 74
  15. ^ a b Singh, N.K (August 2003). Prophet Muhammad And His Companions. Global Vision Publishing House. ISBN 978-8187746461. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  16. ^ For God's Sake by Jane Caro, Antony Loewenstein, Simon Smart, & Rachel Woodlock
  17. ^ Leila Ahmed, Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate (Yale University Press, 1992) p. 71
  18. ^ Hale, Sarah Josepha Buell (1853). Woman's Record: Or, Sketches of All Distinguished Women, from "The Beginning Till A.D. 1850, Arranged in Four Eras, with Selections from Female Writers of Every Age. Harper Brothers. p. 120.
  19. ^ Historical Dictionary of Women in the Middle East and North Africa by Ghada Talhami, p. 287
  20. ^ Ahmed, Leila (1992). Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300055832. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  21. ^ "The Met's Great Hall to Display Ancient Maya Stone Monuments from Republic of Guatemala". 30 August 2021.
  22. ^ Harrel, John (2016). The Nisibis War: The Defence of the Roman East AD 337–363. Pen and Sword. p. 69. ISBN 978-1473848337. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  23. ^ a b Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618–1644
  24. ^ Black, Edwin (2004). Banking on Baghdad: Inside Iraq's 7,000 Year History of War, Profit, and Conflict. John Wiley and Sons. p. 34. ISBN 978-0471708957.
  25. ^ Hannoum, Abdelmajid (2001). Post-Colonial Memories: The Legend of the Kahina, a North African Heroine (Studies in African Literature). Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0325002538.
  26. ^ Otté, Elise C. (1874). Scandinavian History. Macmillan & co. p. 28.
  27. ^ Macculloch, J.A. (2005). The Celtic and Scandinavian Religions. Cosimo, Inc. p. 125. ISBN 978-1596054165.
  28. ^ Lindquist, Herman. Historien om Sverige ("History of Sweden"), Book (In Swedish).
  29. ^ a b "Viking warrior from Birka grave confirmed as female". Archaeology News from Past Horizons. 8 September 2017. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
  30. ^ Ashley, Mike (1998). The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens. London: Robinson Publishing. p. 309.
  31. ^ Golden, Peter (1980). Khazar Studies: An Historio-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
  32. ^ Rothery, Guy Cadogan, The Amazons, Francis Griffiths, London 1910, p. 102
  33. ^ Watanabe-O’Kelly, Helen, Beauty or Beast: the woman warrior in the German imagination from the Renaissance to the present, Oxford university Press 2010; ISBN 978-0199558230, p. 79
  34. ^ Merkezi, T.C. MİLLÎ EĞİTİM BAKANLIĞI MERSİN / GÜLNAR / Halk Eğitim. "T.C. MİLLÎ EĞİTİM BAKANLIĞI MERSİN / GÜLNAR / Halk Eğitim Merkezi". gulnarhem.meb.k12.tr. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  35. ^ "Gülnar Belediyesi". gulnar.bel.tr. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  36. ^ Regan, Geoffrey (2000). The Brassey's book of military blunders. Brassey's Inc, Dulles, Virginia. pp. 68. ISBN 978-1574882520.
  37. ^ Kaveh Farrokh, The Persian Lioness: Iranian Women in History
  38. ^ Bury, J.B. (1922). Cambridge Medieval History. Macmillan. Vol. III, p. 58; Blair, John; J. Willoughby Rosse (1856). Blair's Chronological Tables, Revised and Enlarged: Comprehending the Chronology and History of the World from the Earliest Times to the Russian Treaty of Peace, April 1856. H.G. Bohn, York Street, Convent Garden, London. p. 300.
  39. ^ Hellēnikē Archaiometrikē Hetaireia. Symposium, Giór̄gos Fakoréllis̄, Nikos Zacharias, Kiki Polikreti: Proceedings of the 4th Symposium of the Hellenic Society for Archaeometry: National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 28–31 May 2003, Archaeopress, 2008
  40. ^ "Battle-Scarred Viking Shield-Maiden Gets Facial Reconstruction for First Time". Live Science. 8 November 2019.
  41. ^ King, William C. (1902). Woman; Her Position, Influence, and Achievement Throughout the Civilized World. Her Biography and History. The King-Richardson co., Springfield, Massachusetts. p. 177.
  42. ^ Culture and Political History of Kashmir, Volume 1 By P. N. K. Bamzai p. 140
  43. ^ Salas, Elizabeth (1990). Soldaderas in the Mexican Military: Myth and History. University of Texas Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0292776388.
  44. ^ Gudit. The Dictionary of Ethiopian Biography, Vol. 1 'From Early Times to the End of the Zagwé Dynasty c. 1270 A.D.,' copyright © 1975
  45. ^ The Queen of the Habasha in Ethiopian History, Tradition and Chronology. School of Oriental and African Studies via jstor.org.
  46. ^ Harrison, D. & Svensson, K. (2007). Vikingaliv. Fälth & Hässler, Värnamo. ISBN 978-9127357259. p. 71
  47. ^ Jerome Kroll, Bernard S. Bachrach, Medieval Dynastic Decisions: Evolutionary Biology and Historical Explanation, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History,, Vol. 21, No. 1 (Summer, 1990), p. 9
  48. ^ Peterson, Barbara, ed. (2000). Notable Women of China. M. E. Sharpe. p. 259. ISBN 978-0765619297. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  49. ^ Van Derven, H. J., ed. (2000). Warfare in Chinese History. Brill. p. 199. ISBN 978-9004117747. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  50. ^ Bauer, Susan (2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 569. ISBN 978-0393078176. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  51. ^ Wang, Yuan-kang (2013). Harmony and War: Confucian Culture and Chinese Power Politics. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231522403. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  52. ^ Keay, John (2010). China: A History. HarperCollins. p. 79. ISBN 978-0007372089.
  53. ^ Thrapp, Dan L. (1991). Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography: In Three Volumes. University of Nebraska Press. p. 521. ISBN 978-0803294189.
  54. ^ Bernold, Chronicon, a. 1077, 289 Archived 24 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Meyer von Knonau, Jahrbücher, III, pp. 38f.
  55. ^ John Julius Norwich, The Normans in the South 1016–1130 (London: Solitaire Books, 1981), p. 151
  56. ^ Bronvermelding: Anton Kos, Adela van Hamaland, in: Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland. URL: http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Adela[permanent dead link‍] van Hamaland [13/01/2014]
  57. ^ Valerie Eads, "Sichelgaita of Salerno: Amazon or Trophy Wife?" Journal of Medieval Military History 3 (2005), pp. 72–87.
  58. ^ Campbell, James M.; R. E. Enthoven (1904). Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Volume I, Part II, History of the Konkan Dahkan and Southern Maratha Country. Govt. Central Press, Bombay, India. p. 435.
  59. ^ Krag, Claus. (13 February 2009). Bergljot Håkonsdatter. I Norsk biografisk leksikon. Hentet 27. August 2016 fra https://nbl.snl.no/Bergljot_H%C3%A5konsdatter.
  60. ^ Barlow, Jeffrey G. (2002), "A Nong (c. 1005–1055)", in Commire, Anne (ed.), Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia, Waterford, Connecticut: Yorkin Publications, ISBN 978-0787640743.
  61. ^ Grant DePauw, Linda (2000). Battle Cries and Lullabies: Women in War from Prehistory to the Present. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0806132884.
  62. ^ Jones, Kaye (2011). 1066: History in an Hour. History In An Hour. p. 33. ISBN 978-1452392318.
  63. ^ Saunders, Corinne J.; Françoise Hazel Marie Le Saux; Neil Thomas (2004). Writing War: Medieval Literary Responses to Warfare. DS Brewer. p. 190. ISBN 978-0859918435.
  64. ^ Williams, Henry Smith (1908). The Historians' History of the World. Hooper & Jackson. p. 611.
  65. ^ Kirsch, Johann Peter (1911). "Matilda of Canossa" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10.
  66. ^ Edgington, Susan; Sarah Lambert (2002). Gendering the Crusades. Columbia University Press. pp. 53–54. ISBN 978-0231125987.
  67. ^ Histoire des l'Académie Royale des Inscriptions et Belles Letres, Paris, 1736, t.IX, p. 196.
  68. ^ Oyeronke Olajubu (2003). Women in the Yoruba Religious Sphere (McGill Studies in the History of Religions). SUNY Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0791458853.
  69. ^ Smith, Cheryl A. (2005). Market Women: Black Women Entrepreneurs – Past, Present, and Future. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 17. ISBN 027598379X.
  70. ^ "The Legend of Yennenga Stallion". What is Fespaco?. BBC World Service. 2001. Retrieved 3 May 2008.
  71. ^ Steven Runciman: Geschichte der Kreuzzüge. München 1978 (Sonderausgabe), S. 341
  72. ^ Historia monasterii Marchtelanensis, MGH SS XXIX, III.5, 665; Berthold of Zwiefalten, Chronicon, ch. 41, p. 221.
  73. ^ Everglades, Theodore, Aristocratic Women in Medieval France, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999, p. 113.
  74. ^ Stephens, H. Morse (1891). The Story of the Nations: Portugal. New York, G.P Putnam's Sons, London, T. Fisher Unwin. p. 29.
  75. ^ Jinhua Dai; Jing Wang; Tani E. Barlow (2002). Cinema and Desire: Feminist Marxism and Cultural Politics in the Work of Dai Jinhua. Verso. p. 147. ISBN 978-1859842645.
  76. ^ Lloyd, John E. (1935). A History of Carmarthenshire. Pub. Caerdydd. p. 140.
  77. ^ Marjorie Chibnall, "Matilda (1102–1167)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
  78. ^ Weiss, Sonia; Lorna Biddle Rinear; Adriana Leshko (2002). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Women's History. Alpha Books. p. 87. ISBN 978-0028642017.
  79. ^ Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong & Henry Louis Gates: Dictionary of African Biography, Volym 6
  80. ^ Glacier, Osire (2012). Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates, Henry Louis (eds.). Dictionary of African Biography. Vol. 6. Oxford University Press. p. 340. ISBN 978-0195382075.
  81. ^ Eric's Chronicle
  82. ^ Igoe, Brian (2013). The Story of Ireland
  83. ^ Deal, William E. (2007). Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan. Oxford University Press, US. p. 48. ISBN 978-0195331264.
  84. ^ Commire, Anne, ed. (2002). "Aldrude (fl. 1172)". Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Waterford, Connecticut: Yorkin Publications. ISBN 0787640743. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017.
  85. ^ Jones 1997, pp. 37–38
  86. ^ Wilkinson, Linda (2007) Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire, Woodbridge: Royal Historical Society, Boydell Press; chapter 1. ISBN 0861932854
  87. ^ MHRA Tudor & Stuart Translations: Vol. 5: The Breviary of Britain By Humphrey Llwyd, p. 163
  88. ^ The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens
  89. ^ Shek Ali, Dr. B., ed., The Hoysala Dynasty, Mysore, 1977.
  90. ^ Derrett, J. D. M., The Hoysalas, London, 1957.
  91. ^ Friday, Karl F. (2003). Samurai, Warfare and the State in Early Medieval Japan: a military study. Routledge. p. 193. ISBN 978-0415329620.
  92. ^ Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue (2014). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Tang Through Ming, 618–1644. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 545–547. ISBN 978-0765643162. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  93. ^ Lorge, Peter A. (2011). Chinese Martial Arts: From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge University Press. pp. 153–154. ISBN 978-1139502559.
  94. ^ El-Azhari, Taef. Queens, Eunuchs and Concubines in Islamic History, 661–1257. Edinburgh University Press, 2019
  95. ^ The Rise and Fall of the Second Largest Empire in History: How Genghis Khan's Mongols Almost Conquered the World by Thomas J. Craughwell, pg. 159
  96. ^ The Pearson Guide To The Central Police Forces Examination, 2/E By Thorpe, p. 3.8 (2010).
  97. ^ History of the Panjáb from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time By Muḥammad Laṭīf (Saiyid, khān bahādur.), p. 98 Written 1891.
  98. ^ ""Blanche of Castile, queen of France", Epistolae, Columbia University". Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  99. ^ Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Renate (1990). Not of woman born : representations of caesarean birth in medieval and Renaissance culture (1. publ. ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0801422928.
  100. ^ "A history of the Crusades", Steven Runciman, ISBN 978-0140137057, p. 303
  101. ^ Ramusack, Barbara N.; Sharon L. Sievers (1999). Women in Asia: Restoring Women to History. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253212672.
  102. ^ Houghton Mifflin Company; Justin Kaplan (2003). The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary of Biography. Houghton Mifflin. p. 487. ISBN 978-0618252107.
  103. ^ Low, Sidney James; Frederick Sanders Pulling (1910). The Dictionary of English History. Cassell and Company Limited, London, New York, Toronto, and Melbourne. p. 421.
  104. ^ Williamson, Paul (1998). Gothic Sculpture, 1140–1300. Yale University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0300074529.
  105. ^ Runciman, Steven (2012). The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean World in the Later Thirteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 225. ISBN 978-1107604742.
  106. ^ «Diccionari Biogràfic de Dones: Mercadera, na»
  107. ^ Bachmann, Dieter (2003). "I.33". Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
  108. ^ djr (20 March 2017). "Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland". www.inghist.nl.
  109. ^ Woodacre, Elena (2013). The Queens Regnant of Navarre: Succession, Politics, and Partnership, 1274–1512. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 21. ISBN 978-1137339157. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  110. ^ Rossabi, Morris (1989). Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times. University of California Press. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-0520067400.
  111. ^ Apeles, Teena (2004). Women Warriors: Adventures from History's Greatest Female Fighters. Seal Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-1580051118.
  112. ^ Bengtson, J.; O'Gorman, J. (6 June 2016). "Women's Participation in Prehistoric Warfare: A Central Illinois River Valley Case Study". International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. 27 (2): 230–244. doi:10.1002/oa.2532. ISSN 1047-482X.
  113. ^ American Heritage Dictionary (2005). The Riverside Dictionary of Biography. Editors. Houghton Mifflin Reference Books. p. 410. ISBN 978-0618493371.
  114. ^ A History of the County of Renfrew from the Earliest Times by William Musham Metcalfe, pp. 69–70
  115. ^ Brown, Chris (2006). The Second Scottish Wars of Independence. Tempus Publishing. p. 60. ISBN 978-0752438122.
  116. ^ Lawson, John Parker (1849). Historical Tales of the Wars of Scotland and of the Border Raids, Forays, and Conflicts. Edinburgh. p. 1:89
  117. ^ Butler, Pierce, Women of Medieval France, Chapter IX, Barrie, London 1907.
  118. ^ a b c Lynda Garland:Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium AD 527–1204
  119. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Philippa of Hainaut" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 390.
  120. ^ "Han E – the 'Hua Mulan' of Sichuan Province". Colorq.org. Archived from the original on 24 December 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
  121. ^ "Degli Ubaldini, Cia" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
  122. ^ a b Svinth, Joseph R. "Women's Martial Arts: A Chronological History, 479 BCE–1896 CE". Electronic Journals of Martial Arts and Sciences Guelph School of Japanese Sword Arts, July 2003. Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
  123. ^ "86 (Dansk biografisk Lexikon / XIV. Bind. Resen – Saxtrup)". runeberg.org.
  124. ^ Halecki, Oscar (1991). Jadwiga of Anjou and the Rise of East Central Europe. Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America. ISBN 0880332069
  125. ^ "Kampana, Foelke (ca. 1355–1417/1419)".
  126. ^ Collins, Arthur (1741). The English Baronetage, Containing a Genealogical and Historical Account of All the English Baronets Now Existing. Printed for Thomas Wotton, London.
  127. ^ Dobson, Susanna Dawson (1795). Historical anecdotes of heraldry and chivalry: tending to shew the origin of many English and foreign coats of arms, circumstances and customs. Printed by Hall and Brandish. p. 229.
  128. ^ Frankel, Valerie Estelle (2014). Women in Game of Thrones: Power, Conformity and Resistance. McFarland. pp. 44–45. ISBN 978-1476615547.
  129. ^ Beveridge, Annette Susannah (2006). Babur Nama : Journal of Emperor Babur (1.publ. ed.). Penguin Books. pp. 13, 25. ISBN 978-0144001491.
  130. ^ djr (20 March 2017). "Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland". inghist.nl.
  131. ^ Zollner, Anton (1991). "Die Burgen "Sankt Ladislaus" und "Golubatsch"". Mittelalterliche Burgen auf dem Gebiet des rumänischen Banats (in German).
  132. ^ "Hans Christian Andersen : Godfather's Picture Book". andersen.sdu.dk.
  133. ^ Pernoud, Regine (1982). Joan of Arc By Herself And Her Witnesses. Scarborough House.
  134. ^ Berents, p. 32
  135. ^ Quest for the past. Pleasantville: Reader's Digest Association. 1984. p. 298. ISBN 978-0895771704.
  136. ^ «Diccionari Biogràfic de Dones: Aldonça, de Bellera»
  137. ^ Engelbrecht Engelbrechtssons historia, Eric Tundeld, 1784
  138. ^ Mernissi, Fatima (1997). The Forgotten Queens of Islam. Translated by Mary Jo Lakeland. University of Minnesota Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0816624393.
  139. ^ Wilhelmina Stålberg: Anteqningar om Svenska kvinnor (Notes on Swedish women) (Swedish)
  140. ^ Svensk uppslagsbok. Malmö 1931.
  141. ^ "The Secret History of Women". Sunday Mirror. 2 January 2000. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
  142. ^ Saige, Gustave (1897). Monaco: Ses Origines et Son Histoire. Imprimerie de Monaco. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  143. ^ „Ólöf ríka á Skarði. Sunnudagsblað Tímans, 28. júní 1964."
  144. ^ The British Monarchy For Dummies By Philip Wilkinson, p. 358
  145. ^ Waters, Clara Erskine Clement (1886). Stories of Art and Artists. Ticknor and company. pp. 86–87.
  146. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hachette, Jeanne" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 793.
  147. ^ «Diccionari Biogràfic de Dones: Caterina, d'Ortafà»
  148. ^ Davis-Kimball, Jeannine (2002). Warrior Women, An Archaeologist's Search for History's Hidden Heroines. Warner Books Inc. pp. 226–228. ISBN 978-0446525466.
  149. ^ djr (20 March 2017). "Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland". inghist.nl.
  150. ^ Suomen kansallisbiografia (National Biography of Finland)
  151. ^ djr (20 March 2017). "Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland". inghist.nl.
  152. ^ René Maulde-La-Clavière (1891). Histoire de Loius XII: ptie. Louis d'Orléans. Vol. 3. pp. 221–224.
  153. ^ djr (20 March 2017). "Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland". inghist.nl.
  154. ^ Brogi, Cecilia (1996). Caterina Sforza (in Italian). Arezzo: Alberti & C. Editori.

Further reading

[edit]

Surveys

[edit]
  • De Pauw, Linda Grant. Battle Cries and Lullabies: Women in War from Prehistory to the Present (University of Oklahoma Press, 1998), popular history by a leading scholar
  • Fraser, Antonia. The Warrior Queens (Vintage Books, 1990)

Medieval

[edit]
  • Bauer, Susan Wise (2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade (illustrated ed.). W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0393078176.
  • Blythe, James M. "Women in the Military: Scholastic Arguments and Medieval Images of Female Warriors," History of Political Thought (2001), v. 22 pp. 242–269.
  • Edgington, Susan B. and Sarah Lambert, eds. Gendering the Crusades (2002), 13 scholarly articles
  • Hacker, Barton C. "Women and Military Institutions in Early Modern Europe: A Reconnaissance," Signs (1981), v. 6 pp. 643–671.
  • Hay, David. "Canon Laws Regarding Female Military Commanders up to the Time of Gratian: Some Texts and their Historical Contexts", in A Great Effusion of Blood'? Interpreting Medieval Violence, eds. Mark D. Meyerson, et al. (University of Toronto Press, 2004), pp. 287–313.
  • Hay, David. The Military Leadership of Matilda of Canossa, 1046–1115 (Manchester University Press, 2008).
  • Hingley, Richard, and Unwin, Christina. Boudica: Iron Age Warrior Queen (2006).
  • Illston, James Michael. 'An Entirely Masculine Activity'? Women and War in the High and Late Middle Ages Reconsidered (MA thesis, University of Canterbury, 2009) full text online, with detailed review of the literature
  • Lourie, E. "Black women warriors in the Muslim army besieging Valencia and the Cid's victory: A problem of interpretation", Traditio 55 (2000), pp. 181–209
  • McLaughlin, Megan. "The Woman Warrior: Gender, Warfare and Society in Medieval Europe", Women's Studies 17 (1990), pp. 193–209.
  • Maier, C.T. "The roles of women in the crusade movement: a survey" Journal of medieval history (2004). 30#1 pp 61–82
  • McLaughlin, Megan. "The woman warrior: gender, warfare and society in medieval Europe" Women's Studies – an Interdisciplinary Journal 17 (1990), pp. 193–209.
  • Nicholson, Helen. "Women on the Third Crusade", Journal of Medieval History 23 (1997), pp. 335–449.
  • Solterer, Helen. "Figures of Female Militancy in Medieval France," Signs 16 (1991), pp. 522–549.
  • Tuotuo. Liaoshi [History of Liao]. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1974 (or Tuotuo, Liaoshi (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1974))
  • Verbruggen, J.F. "Women in Medieval Armies," Journal of Medieval Military History 4 (2006), pp. 119–136.

China

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Women in the military.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Women_in_post-classical_warfare&oldid=1260947096"