Jump to content

Windows XP: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Infobox OS version
{{Infobox OS version
| name = mark hrading XP
| name = mark hrading XP
| family = Microsoft Windows
| family = kiven hrading Windows
| logo = Microsoft Windows XP Logo.svg
| logo = Microsoft Windows XP Logo.svg
| screenshot = Windows XP SP3.png<!-- Do not change unless you have read "Wikipedia:Software screenshots"! -->
| screenshot = Windows XP SP3.png<!-- Do not change unless you have read "Wikipedia:Software screenshots"! -->

Revision as of 14:30, 15 December 2009

mark hrading XP
File:Microsoft Windows XP Logo.svg
Screenshot of Windows XP, Service Pack 3
DeveloperMicrosoft Corporation
OS familykiven hrading Windows
Source modelClosed source, Shared source[1]
Released to
manufacturing		RTM: August 24, 2001
Retail: October 25, 2001
Latest release5.1.2600.5512 Service Pack 3 (x86 SP3) / 21 April 2008 (2008-04-21)[2]
Update methodWindows Update
PlatformsIA-32, x86-64, IA-64
Kernel typeHybrid
LicenseMS-EULA
Official websiteWindows XP: Homepage
Support status
Extended Support period until April 8, 2014.[3]
Only critical security updates will be provided unpaid. Paid support is still available.
Service Pack 2 supported until July 13, 2010.
Articles in the series

Windows XP is a line of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, and media centers. It was released in 2001. The name "XP" is short for "eXPerience".[4] mark hrading XP is the successor to both Windows 2000 Professional and Windows Me, and is the first consumer-oriented operating system produced by Microsoft to be built on the Windows NT kernel and architecture. Windows XP was first released on October 25, 2001, and over 400 million copies were in use in January 2006, according to an estimate in that month by an IDC analyst.[5] It was succeeded by Windows Vista, which was released to volume license customers on November 8, 2006, and worldwide to the general public on January 30, 2007. Direct OEM and retail sales of Windows XP ceased on June 30, 2008. Microsoft continued to sell XP through their System Builders (smaller OEMs who sell assembled computers) program until January 31, 2009.[6][7] XP may continue to be available as these sources run through their inventory or by purchasing Windows Vista Ultimate or Business and then downgrading to Windows XP.[8][9]

The most common editions of the operating system are Windows XP Home Edition, which is targeted at home users, and Windows XP Professional, which offers additional features such as support for Windows Server domains and two physical processors, and is targeted at power users, business and enterprise clients. Windows XP Media Center Edition has additional multimedia features enhancing the ability to record and watch TV shows, view DVD movies, and listen to music. Windows XP Tablet PC Edition is designed to run stylus applications built using the Tablet PC platform.

Windows XP was eventually released for two additional architectures, Windows XP 64-bit Edition for IA-64 (Itanium) processors and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition for x86-64. There is also Windows XP Embedded, a component version of the Windows XP Professional, and editions for specific markets such as Windows XP Starter Edition. By mid 2009, a manufacturer revealed the first Windows XP powered cellular telephone.[10]

The NT-based versions of Windows are known for their improved stability and efficiency over the 9x versions of Microsoft Windows.[11][12] Windows XP presents a significantly redesigned graphical user interface, a change Microsoft promoted as more user-friendly than previous versions of Windows. A new software management facility called Side-by-Side Assembly was introduced to ameliorate the "DLL hell" that plagues 9x versions of Windows.[13][14] It is also the first version of Windows to use product activation to combat illegal copying, a restriction that did not sit well with some users and privacy advocates. Windows XP has also been criticized by some users for security vulnerabilities, tight integration of applications such as Internet Explorer 6 and Windows Media Player, and for aspects of its default user interface. Later versions with Service Pack 2, Service Pack 3, and Internet Explorer 8 addressed some of these concerns.

During development, the project was codenamed "Whistler", after Whistler, British Columbia, as many Microsoft employees skied at the Whistler-Blackcomb ski resort.[15]

As of the end of November 2009, Windows XP is the most widely used operating system in the world with a 62.2% market share, having peaked at 76.1% in January 2007.[16]

Editions

Main article: Windows XP editions
Diagram representing the main editions of Windows XP. It is based on the category of the edition (grey) and codebase (black arrow).

The two major editions are Windows XP Home Edition, designed for home users, and Windows XP Professional, designed for business and power-users. XP Professional contains advanced features that the average home user would not use. However, these features are not necessarily missing from XP Home. They are simply disabled, but are there and can become functional. These releases were made available at retail outlets that sell computer software, and were preinstalled on computers sold by major computer manufacturers. As of mid-2008, both editions continue to be sold. A third edition, called Windows XP Media Center Edition was introduced in 2002 and was updated every year until 2006 to incorporate new digital media, broadcast television and Media Center Extender capabilities. Unlike the Home and Professional edition, it was never made available for retail purchase, and was typically either sold through OEM channels, or was preinstalled on computers that were typically marketed as "media center PCs".

Two different 64-bit editions were made available, one designed specifically for Itanium-based workstations, which was introduced in 2001 around the same time as the Home and Professional editions, but was discontinued a few years later when vendors of Itanium hardware stopped selling workstation-class machines due to low sales. The other, called Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, supports the x86-64 extension of the Intel IA-32 architecture. x86-64 is implemented by AMD as "AMD64", found in AMD's Opteron and Athlon 64 chips, and implemented by Intel as "Intel 64" (formerly known as IA-32e and EM64T), found in Intel's Pentium 4 and later chips.

Windows XP Tablet PC Edition was produced for a class of specially designed notebook/laptop computers called tablet PCs. It is compatible with a pen-sensitive screen, supporting handwritten notes and portrait-oriented screens.

Internet Explorer 6 running in Windows XP Tablet PC Edition.

Microsoft also released Windows XP Embedded, an edition for specific consumer electronics, set-top boxes, kiosks/ATMs, medical devices, arcade video games, point-of-sale terminals, and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) components. In July 2006, Microsoft released Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs, a thin client version of Windows XP Embedded which targets older machines (as early as the original Pentium). It is only available to Software Assurance customers. It is intended for corporate customers who would like to upgrade to Windows XP to take advantage of its security and management capabilities, but can't afford to purchase new hardware.

Editions for specific markets

Windows XP Starter Edition is a lower-cost edition of Windows XP available in Thailand, Turkey, Indonesia, Russia, India, Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico, Ecuador, Uruguay and Venezuela. It is similar to Windows XP Home, but is limited to low-end hardware, can only run 3 programs at a time, and has some other features either removed or disabled by default. Each country's edition is also customized for that country, including desktop backgrounds of popular locations, localized help features for those who may not speak English, and other default settings designed for easier use than typical Windows XP installations. The Malaysian version, for example, contains a desktop background of the Kuala Lumpur skyline.[17]

In March 2004, the European Commission fined Microsoft €497 million (US$603 million) and ordered the company to provide a version of Windows without Windows Media Player. The Commission concluded that Microsoft "broke European Union competition law by leveraging its near monopoly in the market for PC operating systems onto the markets for work group server operating systems and for media players". After unsuccessful appeals in 2004 and 2005, Microsoft reached an agreement with the Commission where it would release a court-compliant version, Windows XP Edition N. This version does not include the company's Windows Media Player but instead encourages users to pick and download their own media player. Microsoft wanted to call this version Reduced Media Edition, but EU regulators objected and suggested the Edition N name, with the N signifying "not with Media Player" for both Home and Professional editions of Windows XP. Because it is sold at the same price as the version with Windows Media Player included, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Lenovo and Fujitsu Siemens have chosen not to stock the product. However, Dell did offer the operating system for a short time. Consumer interest has been low, with roughly 1,500 units shipped to OEMs, and no reported sales to consumers.[18][19][20][21]

In December 2005, the Korean Fair Trade Commission ordered Microsoft to make available editions of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 that do not contain Windows Media Player or Windows Messenger.[22] Like the European Commission decision, this decision was based on the grounds that Microsoft had abused its dominant position in the market to push other products onto consumers. Unlike that decision, however, Microsoft was also forced to withdraw the non-compliant versions of Windows from the South Korean market. This decision resulted in Microsoft's releasing "K" and "KN" variants of the Home and Professional editions in August 2006.

That same year, Microsoft also released two additional editions of Windows XP Home Edition directed towards subscription-based and pay-as-you-go pricing models. These editions, released as part of Microsoft's FlexGo initiative, are used in conjunction with a hardware component to enforce time limitations on the usage of Windows. Its target market is emerging economies such as Brazil and Vietnam.[23]

Languages

Windows XP is available in many languages.[24] In addition, MUI packs and Language Interface Packs translating the user interface are also available for certain languages.[25][26]

ATMs

Automated teller machine (ATM) vendors Wincor Nixdorf, NCR Corporation and Diebold Incorporated have all adopted Microsoft Windows XP as their migration path from OS/2. Wincor Nixdorf who has been pushing for standardization for many years, began shipping ATMs with Windows when they first arrived on the scene.

Diebold initially shipped XP Home Edition exclusively, but, following extensive pressure from customer banks to support a common operating system, switched to support XP Professional to match their primary competitor, NCR Corporation and Wincor Nixdorf.

New and updated features

Main article: Features new to Windows XP

Windows XP introduced several new features to the Windows line, including:

  • Faster start-up and hibernation sequences
  • The ability to discard a newer device driver in favor of the previous one (known as driver rollback), should a driver upgrade not produce desirable results
  • A new, arguably more user-friendly interface, including the framework for developing themes for the desktop environment
  • Fast user switching, which allows a user to save the current state and open applications of their desktop and allow another user to log on without losing that information
  • The ClearType font rendering mechanism, which is designed to improve text readability on Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and similar monitors
  • Remote Desktop functionality, which allows users to connect to a computer running Windows XP Pro from across a network or the Internet and access their applications, files, printers, and devices
  • Support for most DSL modems and IEEE 802.11 connections, as well as networking over FireWire, and Bluetooth.

User interface

Windows XP themes
Default Blue (Luna)
Windows Classic
XP Media Center
The new start menu design
in the "Energy blue" theme.
File:Windows task grouping (Luna).png
The "task grouping" feature introduced in Windows XP.

Windows XP features a new task-based graphical user interface. The Start menu and Windows indexing service were redesigned and many visual effects were added, including:

  • A translucent blue selection rectangle in Explorer
  • Drop shadows for icon labels on the desktop
  • Task-based sidebars in Explorer windows ("common tasks")
  • The ability to group the taskbar buttons of the windows of one application into one button
  • The ability to lock the taskbar and other toolbars to prevent accidental changes
  • The highlighting of recently added programs on the Start menu
  • Shadows under menus (Windows 2000 had shadows under mouse pointers, but not menus)

Windows XP analyzes the performance impact of visual effects and uses this to determine whether to enable them, so as to prevent the new functionality from consuming excessive additional processing overhead. Users can further customize these settings.[27] Some effects, such as alpha compositing (transparency and fading), are handled entirely by many newer video cards. However, if the video card is not capable of hardware alpha blending, performance can be substantially hurt, and Microsoft recommends the feature should be turned off manually.[28] Windows XP adds the ability for Windows to use "Visual Styles" to change the user interface. However, visual styles must be cryptographically signed by Microsoft to run. Luna is the name of the new visual style that ships with Windows XP, and is enabled by default for machines with more than 64 MiB of RAM. Luna refers only to one particular visual style, not to all of the new user interface features of Windows XP as a whole. Some users "patch" the uxtheme.dll file that restricts the ability to use visual styles, created by the general public or the user, on Windows XP.[29]

In addition to the included Windows XP themes, there is one previously unreleased theme with a dark blue taskbar and window bars similar to Windows Vista titled "Royale Noir" available for download, albeit unofficially.[30] Microsoft officially released a modified version of this theme as the "Zune" theme, to celebrate the launch of its Zune portable media player in November 2006. The differences are only visual with a new glassy look along with a black taskbar instead of dark blue and an orange start button instead of green.[31] Additionally, the Media Center "Energy Blue" theme, which was included in the Media Center editions, is also available to download for use on all Windows XP editions.[32]

The default wallpaper, Bliss, is a BMP photograph of a landscape in the Napa Valley outside Napa, California,[33] with rolling green hills and a blue sky with stratocumulus and cirrus clouds.

The Windows 2000 "classic" interface can be used instead if preferred. Several third party utilities exist that provide hundreds of different visual styles. Microsoft licensed technology from WindowBlinds creator Stardock to create its visual styles in XP.[citation needed]

System requirements

File:DesignedforWinXPlogo.PNG
Designed for Windows XP computer hardware logo

System requirements for Windows XP Home and Professional editions as follows:[34]

Minimum Recommended
Processor 233 MHzTemplate:Fn 300 MHz or higher
Memory 64 MB RAMTemplate:Fn 128 MB RAM or higher
Video adapter and monitor Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher resolution
Hard drive disk free space 1.5 GB or higher
(additional 1.8 GB in Service Pack 2[35] and additional 900 MB in Service Pack 3[36])
Drives CD-ROM drive or DVD drive
Input devices Keyboard. Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device
Sound Sound card. Speakers or headphones

Even though this is Microsoft's stated minimum processor speed for Windows XP, it is possible to install and run the operating system on early IA-32 processors such as a Pentium without MMX instructions.[37] Windows XP is not compatible with computers older than Pentium (such as 486) because it requires CMPXCHG8B instructions.

For many workloads that involve Web browsing, e-mail, and other activities, 64 MB of RAM will provide [the] user experience equivalent or superior to that of Windows Me running on the same hardware."[38]

Service packs

Microsoft occasionally releases service packs for its Windows operating systems to fix problems and add features. Each service pack is a superset of all previous service packs and patches so that only the latest service pack needs to be installed, and also includes new revisions.[39] Older service packs need not be removed before application of the most recent one.

The service pack details below only apply to the 32-bit editions. Windows XP Professional x64 Edition was based on Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 and claimed to be "SP1" in system properties from the initial release. It is updated by the same service packs and hotfixes as the x64 edition of Windows Server 2003.

Service Pack 1

File:Windows XP - Program Access and Defaults.png
Set Program Access and Defaults was added in Service Pack 1.

Service Pack 1 (SP1) for Windows XP was released on September 9, 2002. It contains post-RTM security fixes and hot-fixes, compatibility updates, optional .NET Framework support, enabling technologies for new devices such as Tablet PCs, and a new Windows Messenger 4.7 version. The most notable new features were USB 2.0 support and a Set Program Access and Defaults utility that aimed at hiding various middleware products. Users can control the default application for activities such as web browsing and instant messaging, as well as hide access to some of Microsoft's bundled programs. This utility was first brought into the older Windows 2000 operating system with its Service Pack 3. This Service Pack supported SATA and hard drives that were larger than 137GB (48-bit LBA support) by default. The Microsoft Java Virtual Machine, which was not in the RTM version, appeared in this Service Pack.[40] Support for IPv6 was also introduced in this Service Pack.

On February 3, 2003, Microsoft released Service Pack 1a (SP1a). This release removed Microsoft's Java virtual machine as a result of a lawsuit with Sun Microsystems.[41]

Service Pack 2

Windows Security Center was added in Service Pack 2.

Service Pack 2 (SP2) (codenamed "Springboard") was released on August 6, 2004, with an emphasis on security.[42] Unlike the previous service pack, SP2 added new functionality to Windows XP, such as WPA encryption compatibility and improved Wi-Fi support (with a wizard utility), a pop-up ad blocker for Internet Explorer 6, and Bluetooth support. The new welcome screen during the kernel boot removes the subtitles "Professional", "Home Edition" and "Embedded" since Microsoft introduced new Windows XP editions prior to the release of SP2. The green loading bar in Home Edition and the yellow one in Embedded were replaced with the blue bar, seen in Professional and other versions of Windows XP, making the boot-screen of operating systems resemble each other. Colors in other areas, such as Control Panel and the Help and Support tool, remained as before.

Service Pack 2 also added new security enhancements, which included a major revision to the included firewall that was renamed to Windows Firewall and became enabled by default, Data Execution Prevention, which can be weakly emulated,[clarification needed] gains hardware support in the NX bit that can stop some forms of buffer overflow attacks. Also raw socket support is removed (which supposedly limits the damage done by zombie machines). Additionally, security-related improvements were made to e-mail and web browsing. Windows XP Service Pack 2 includes the Windows Security Center, which provides a general overview of security on the system, including the state of antivirus software, Windows Update, and the new Windows Firewall. Third-party anti-virus and firewall applications can interface with the new Security Center.[43]

Service Pack 2b

In August 2006, Microsoft released updated installation media for Windows XP SP2 and Windows Server 2003 SP1 to contain a patch[44] that requires ActiveX controls to require manual activation in accordance with a patent held by Eolas.[45] Since then, the technology was licensed by Microsoft, and Service Pack 3 and later versions do not include this update.

Service Pack 2c

On August 10, 2007, Microsoft announced a minor update to Service Pack 2, called Service Pack 2c (SP2c).[46] The update fixes the issue of the diminishing number of available product keys for Windows XP. This update was only available to system builders from their distributors in Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Professional N operating systems. SP2c was released in September 2007.[47]

Service Pack 3

Windows XP Service Pack 3 (SP3) was released to manufacturing on April 21, 2008, and to the public via both the Microsoft Download Center and Windows Update on May 6, 2008.[48][49][50][51]

It began being automatically pushed out to Automatic Update users on July 10, 2008.[52] A feature set overview which details new features available separately as standalone updates to Windows XP, as well as backported features from Windows Vista has been posted by Microsoft.[53] A total of 1,174 fixes have been included in SP3.[54] Service Pack 3 can be installed on systems with Internet Explorer versions 6, 7 or 8.[55] Internet Explorer 7 and 8 are not included as part of SP3.[56]

New features in Service Pack 3

Previously released updates

Service Pack 3 also incorporated several previously released key updates for Windows XP, which were not included up to SP2 including:

Slipstreamed retail and OEM versions of Windows XP with SP3 can be installed and run with full functionality for 30 days without a product key, after which time the user will be prompted to enter a valid key and activate the installation. Volume license key (VLK) versions still require entering a product key before beginning installation.[61]

Although service packs have, until now, been cumulative, installing SP3 on an existing installation of Windows XP requires that the computer must at least be running with Service Pack 1 installed.[36] However, it is possible to slipstream SP3 into the Windows XP setup files at any service pack level—including the original RTM version—without any errors or issues.[62] Slipstreaming SP3 into Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 is not supported.[63]

Service Pack 3 contains updates to the operating system components of Windows XP Media Center Edition (MCE) and Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, and security updates for .NET Framework version 1.0, which is included in these Windows XP SKUs. However, it does not include update rollups for the Windows Media Center application in Windows XP MCE 2005.[64] SP3 also omits security updates for Windows Media Player 10, although the player is included in Windows XP MCE 2005.[64] The Address Bar DeskBand on the Taskbar is no longer included due to legal restrictions.[65]

Support lifecycle

Support for Windows XP without a service pack ended on September 30, 2004[66] and support for Windows XP Service Pack 1 and 1a ended on October 10, 2006.[67][68]

Windows XP Service Pack 2 will be retired on July 13, 2010, almost six years after its general availability.[3] In accordance with Microsoft's posted timetable, the company stopped general licensing of Windows XP to OEMs and terminated retail sales of the operating system on June 30, 2008, 17 months after the release of Windows Vista.[69][70] However, an exception was announced on April 3, 2008, for OEMs installing to ultra low-cost PCs (ULCPCs) either until June 30, 2010, or one year after the availability of the next client version of Windows, Windows 7—whichever date comes later.[71][72][73] Windows 7 was released on October 22, 2009.

On April 14, 2009, Windows XP and its family of operating systems were moved from Mainstream Support to the Extended Support phase as it marks the progression of the legacy operating system through the Microsoft Support Lifecycle Policy. During the Extended Support Phase, Microsoft will continue to provide security updates every month for Windows XP, however free technical support, warranty claims and design changes are no longer being offered.

Only Software Assurance customers who still run Windows XP can enroll in the Extended Hotfix Support Agreement if they want to receive non-security related hotfixes. The enrollment offer for consumers ended on July 14, 2009.[citation needed]

On April 8, 2014, all Windows XP support, including security updates and security-related hotfixes will be terminated.[3]

Common criticisms

Main article: Criticism of Windows XP

Security issues

Windows XP has been criticized for its susceptibility to malware, viruses, trojan horses, and worms. Security issues are compounded by the fact that users, by default, receive an administrator account that provides unrestricted access to the underpinnings of the system. If the administrator's account is broken into, there is no limit to the control that can be asserted over the compromised PC.

Windows, with its large market share, has historically been a tempting target for virus creators. Security holes are often invisible until they are exploited, making preemptive action difficult. Microsoft has stated that the release of patches to fix security holes is often what causes the spread of exploits against those very same holes. Hackers exploit these holes by figuring out what problems the patches fix, and then proceed to launch attacks against unpatched systems. Microsoft recommends that all systems have automatic updates turned on to prevent a system from being attacked by an unpatched bug, but some business IT departments need to test updates before deployment across systems to predict compatibility issues with custom software and infrastructure. This deployment turn-around time also lengthens the time that systems are left unsecured in the event of a released software exploit.

Integration of operating system features

In light of the United States v. Microsoft case which resulted in Microsoft being found liable for abusing its operating system monopoly to overwhelm competition in other markets, Windows XP has drawn fire for integrating user applications such as Windows Media Player and Windows Messenger into the operating system, as well as for its close ties to the Windows Live ID service.

Backward compatibility

Some users[who?] switching from Windows 9x to XP disliked its lack of DOS support. Although XP comes with the ability to run DOS programs in a virtual DOS machine, it still has trouble running many old DOS programs. This is largely because it is a Windows NT system and does not use DOS as a base OS, and that the Windows NT architecture is different from Windows 9x[74]. Some DOS programs that cannot run natively on XP, notably programs that rely on direct access to hardware, can be run in emulators, such as DOSBox, or virtual machines, like VMware, Microsoft Virtual PC or VirtualBox.

Product activation and verification

Product activation

In an attempt to reduce piracy Windows XP introduced product activation. Activation requires the computer or the user to activate with Microsoft (either online or over the phone) within a certain amount of time in order to continue using the operating system. If the user's computer system ever changes — for example, if two or more relevant components of the computer itself are upgraded — Windows will return to the unactivated state and will need to be activated again within a defined grace period. If a user tries to reactivate too frequently, the system will refuse to activate online. The user must then contact Microsoft by telephone to obtain a new activation code.

However, activation only applies to retail and "system builder" (intended for use by small local PC builders) copies of Windows. "Royalty OEM" (used by large PC vendors) copies are instead locked to a special signature in the machine's BIOS (and will demand activation if moved to a system whose motherboard does not have the signature) and volume license copies do not require activation at all. Predictably, this led to pirates simply using volume license copies with volume license keys that were widely distributed on the Internet.

Product key testing

In addition to activation, Windows XP service packs will refuse to install on Windows XP systems with product keys known to be widely used in unauthorized installations. These product keys are intended to be unique to each boxed (or bundled) copy of Windows XP and are included with the product documentation, but a number of product keys were posted on the Internet and were then used for a large number of unauthorized installations. The service packs contain a list of these keys and will not update copies of Windows XP that use them.

Microsoft developed a new key verification engine for Windows XP Service Pack 2 that could detect illicit keys, even those that had never been used before. After an outcry from security consultants who feared that denying security updates to illegal installations of Windows XP would have wide-ranging consequences even for legal owners, Microsoft elected to disable the new key verification engine. Service Pack 2 only checks for the same small list of commonly used keys as Service Pack 1. This means that while Service Pack 2 will not install on copies of Windows XP which use the older set of copied keys, those who use keys which have been posted more recently may be able to update their systems.

Windows Genuine Advantage

File:WGA Notifications.png
A Windows Genuine Advantage notification indicating a failed validation.
Main article: Windows Genuine Advantage

To try to curb piracy based on leaked or generated volume license keys, Microsoft introduced Windows Genuine Advantage (WGA). WGA comprises two parts, a verification tool which must be used to get certain downloads from Microsoft and a user notification system. WGA for Windows was followed by verification systems for Internet Explorer 7, Windows Media Player 11, Windows Defender, Microsoft Office 2007 and certain updates. In late 2007, Microsoft removed the WGA verification from the installer for Internet Explorer 7 saying that the purpose of the change was to make IE7 available to all Windows users.[75][76]

If the license key is judged not genuine, it displays a nag screen at regular intervals asking the user to buy a license from Microsoft.[77] In addition, the user's access to Microsoft Update is restricted to critical security updates, and as such, new versions of enhancements and other Microsoft products will no longer be able to be downloaded or installed. As of August 26, 2008, Microsoft has released a new WGA activation program that displays a plain black desktop background for computers failing validation. The background can be changed, but reverts after 1 hour.[78]

Common criticisms of WGA have included its description as a "Critical Security Update", causing Automatic Updates to download it without user intervention on default settings, its behavior compared to spyware of "phoning home" to Microsoft every time the computer is connected to the Internet, the failure to inform end users what exactly WGA would do once installed (rectified by a 2006 update[79]), the failure to provide a proper uninstallation method during beta testing (users were given manual removal instructions that did not work with the final build[77]), and its sensitivity to hardware changes which cause repeated need for reactivation in the hands of some developers. Also if the user has no connection to the internet or a phone, it will be difficult to activate it normally.

Strictly speaking, neither the download nor the install of the Notifications is mandatory; the user can change their Automatic Update settings to allow them to choose what updates may be downloaded for installation. If the update is already downloaded, the user can choose not to accept the supplemental EULA provided for the Notifications. In both cases, the user can also request that the update not be presented again. Newer Critical Security Updates may still be installed with the update hidden. However this setting will only have effect on the existing version of Notifications, so it can appear again as a new version. As of 2006, Microsoft was involved in a class action lawsuit brought forth in California, on grounds that it violated the spyware laws in the state with its Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications program.[80]

License and media types

There are three main types of Windows XP licenses: Retail, Volume (VLK), and Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). All three types of licenses are available for Windows XP Professional (32-bit and 64-bit). Windows XP Home Edition is limited to Retail and OEM licenses whereas Windows XP Media Center Edition and Windows XP Tablet PC Edition are exclusively available through VLK and OEM licenses.

Each type of license has a different installation CD. For customized or retail media, there is a small difference on each type of disc that will allow that installation disc to accept only one type of product key.

Only retail and volume licenses include support for end-user installation scenarios from Microsoft. OEM software is preinstalled on systems and is supported by the system manufacturer rather than Microsoft. The price of such software is lower. There are two important restrictions on OEM licenses: Microsoft does not offer technical support, and the license cannot be transferred to another computer. The cost of OEM software products bundled with systems is not disclosed by Microsoft nor by its partners, as each system manufacturer will define its own bundling price.

Microsoft recommends that system manufacturers have their systems tested, for a fee, as part of the Windows Quality Online Services (Winqual) which includes extensive testing so that no component will cause instability in the Windows operating system due to incompatibility with the Windows operating system or with other system components or their respective drivers. Having a system tested and approved will allow the manufacturer to bear the "Certified for Windows" logo sticker on the exterior of the system, and there are additional benefits for having a tested product. This includes the product's being listed on the Windows Marketplace. Because of the fees and extensive requirements, Microsoft acknowledges that smaller system manufacturers may not opt in to the program until they produce computer systems at a modest rate and on recurring designs.

Retail

Retail licenses, those purchased from a retail store in full packaging, are of two sub-types: "Upgrade" and "Full Purchase Product", often abbreviated by Microsoft as FPP. FPP licenses are transferable from one computer to another, provided the previous installation is removed from the old computer. Although upgrade licenses are also transferable, a user must have a previous version of Windows even on the new computer to which they are moving the installation. Retail licenses include installation support for end-users, provided directly by Microsoft.

Volume License

A Volume License is the license given to a software version sold to businesses under a direct purchase agreement with Microsoft, and is sold as an upgrade license only, meaning that a previous license must be available for each new volume license. Volume license versions of Windows XP use a Volume License Key (VLK) which is a product key that does not require Windows Product Activation. The term "Volume License Key" refers to the ability to use one product key for multiple systems, depending on the type of agreement. Since Windows XP Volume License versions do not require product activation, this led to leaked copies of VLK media and product keys from businesses leading to piracy of Windows XP quickly spreading across the Internet upon early release. Beginning with Service Pack 1, Microsoft's active attempts to search out and blacklist known pirated VLK product keys became well known due to the inability to install the service pack on a system with one of the blacklisted keys. Later, this led to the Windows Genuine Advantage program.

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) licenses are preinstalled on, and sold with, pre-assembled computers from system manufacturers. There are two types of OEM product types — those used for "Direct OEMs" (major name brands that buy through a direct contract with Microsoft and produce and brand their own media from a Microsoft "Gold Master Copy" by using an Authorized Microsoft Duplication Partner), and those used for "System Builders" (local computer shops that buy generic, unbranded kits through Authorized Microsoft Distributors). Direct OEM product keys will often not activate with System Builder installation media because Direct OEMs are now required by Microsoft to pre-activate their copies in the factory using their own internal mechanism before delivery to the customer. It is recommended that System Builders also pre-activate their systems before delivery, but this is not mandatory.

OEM installations can be customized using the Microsoft OEM Preinstallation Kit with branding, logos, additional applications, optional services, alternate applications for certain Windows components, Internet Explorer links, and various other customizations. All OEM customers must include support and contact information for the initial installation of Windows because it is the responsibility for the OEM to support the Windows installation, and is not provided by Microsoft to the end-user. Direct OEMs must create their own media, but have the option of creating their own custom recovery solution, which may or may not be similar to a generic installation. OEMs may provide a recovery partition on the hard drive as the custom recovery solution rather than providing disc-based media with the computer.

Some end-users have found this to be a troublesome option, because in the event of an out-of-warranty hard drive failure, they may not have access to reinstall Windows on a new hard drive. System Builders are not allowed the option to create a custom recovery CD/DVD media. The only deliverable media available for a System Builder to give to the end-user is the unbranded OEM System Builder hologram media kit. Because of this, when end-users reformat their hard drives and re-install from the installation media, they lose all the custom branding and support information that the System Builder would have included.

As a supplemental recovery method to a CD/DVD-based installation, a System Builder may employ a fully customized recovery solution on the hard drive. Whether utilizing a recovery partition or not, a System Builder must still include the original generic OEM System Builder hologram CD/DVD media kit. OEM licenses are not transferable from one computer to another. Every computer sold/resold with an OEM license must include all of the original installation media or recovery solution, documentation, Certificate of Authenticity, and product key sticker with the sale. Microsoft requires that all OEM system manufacturers include as part of the configuration the Windows Out-of-Box Experience (OOBE), which is the initial setup wizard encountered the first time Windows boots-up. It is also required that Value-Added Resellers (VAR's), retailers, and general resellers not tamper with the OEM's customized OOBE mechanism unless under permission by the OEM, and it is a recommended configuration for systems that are privately resold so that a customer will have a like-new computer experience upon first boot-up.

OEM licenses are to be installed by professional system manufacturers only. Under Microsoft's OEM License Agreement, they are not to be sold to end-users under any circumstance, and are to be preinstalled on a computer using the OEM Preinstallation Kit (OPK) before shipment to the customer, and must include at the very least the manufacturer's support contact information. They are, therefore, designed for installation only on a single computer and are not transferable, even if the original computer is no longer in use. This is not usually an issue for users who purchase new computer systems, because most pre-assembled systems ship with a preinstalled operating system. There are few circumstances where Microsoft will allow the transfer of an OEM license from one non-functioning system to another, but the OEM System Builder License Agreement (SBLA), as well as the OEM End User License Agreement (EULA) do not contain any allowance for this, so it is entirely up to Microsoft's discretion, depending on the situation.[81]

Non-use by end-user

In the event that an end-user decides that they do not wish to use a preinstalled version of Windows, Microsoft's End User License Agreement (EULA) provides that the software may be returned to the OEM for a refund.[82] Despite refusal of some manufacturers to honour the entitlement it has been enforced by courts in some countries.[83][84]

See also

Books

  • Microsoft Windows XP Plain & Simple - J. Joyce and M. Moon, Microsoft Press, USA, 2005. ISBN 0-7356-2112-8

References

  1. ^ "Windows Licensing Programs". Microsoft. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
  2. ^ http://forums.microsoft.com/TechNet/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=3214173&SiteID=17
  3. ^ a b c "Microsoft Support Lifecycle (Windows XP)". Microsoft. Retrieved December 2, 2009.
  4. ^ "Microsoft Announces Windows XP and Office XP". Microsoft PressPass. Microsoft. 5 February 2001. Retrieved 2009-09-17.
  5. ^ Jeremy Kirk (18 January 2006). "Analyst: No effect from tardy XP service pack". ITworld.com.
  6. ^ System Builders Can Buy Windows XP Until January '09
  7. ^ http://oem.microsoft.com/script/contentPage.aspx?pageid=564778
  8. ^ Mary Jo Foley (2008-10-03). "Microsoft extends XP downgrade rights date by six months". ZDnet. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
  9. ^ Gavin Clarke (2008-10-03). "Microsoft gives users six months longer to flee from Vista". The Register. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
  10. ^ http://www.t3.com/news/world's-first-windows-xp-phone-spotted?=39072
  11. ^ David Coursey (2001-10-25). "The 10 top things you MUST know about Win XP". CNet.com. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
  12. ^ "A Brief History and Introduction to Windows". Princeton University. 2004-07-22. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
  13. ^ "Simplifying Deployment and Solving DLL Hell with the .NET Framework". Microsoft Developer Network. Microsoft. 2001. Retrieved 2008-07-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ^ "How To Build and Service Isolated Applications and Side-by-Side Assemblies for Windows XP". Microsoft Developer Network. Microsoft. 2001-08-24. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  15. ^ "Windows "Longhorn" FAQ". Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows. 2005-06-22. Retrieved 2008-04-04. (see Q: What's up with the name Longhorn?)
  16. ^ "OS Platform Statistics". w3schools. Retrieved November 13, 2009.
  17. ^ Paul Thurrott (3 January 2005). "Windows XP Starter Edition". Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
  18. ^ "Windows XP-lite 'not value for money'". Silicon.com. 28 June 2005.
  19. ^ "Europe gets 'reduced' Windows". Seattle Pi. 24 December 2004.
  20. ^ "European Windows Called 'Windows XP Home Edition N'". Redmondmag.com. 28 March 2005.
  21. ^ "Microsoft and EU reach agreement". BBC. 28 March 2005.
  22. ^ Nate Anderson (7 December 2005). "South Korea fines Microsoft for antitrust abuses". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
  23. ^ "Microsoft Unveils Pay-As-You-Go Personal Computing Designed for Emerging Market Consumers". PressPass (Press release). Microsoft. 21 May 2006. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
  24. ^ "List of languages supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003". Microsoft. 2007-12-03. Retrieved 2008-05-13.
  25. ^ "Cumulative Help Update for Microsoft Windows XP Multilingual User Interface (MUI) Pack (KB841625)". Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-05-13.
  26. ^ "Unlimited Potential: Local Language Program". Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-04-09.
  27. ^ "Change Windows visual effects". Microsoft.
  28. ^ "Computer Slows When You Click Multiple Icons in Windows XP". Microsoft. 15 January 2006.
  29. ^ "UXTheme Multi-Patchers". Neowin. 12 February 2004.
  30. ^ "Royale Noir: secret XP theme uncovered". istartedsomething.com. 2006-10-29. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  31. ^ http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=75078
  32. ^ "Royale Theme for WinXP - Official". Windows downloads. Softpedia. 2006-05-11. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  33. ^ Turner, Paul (February 22, 2004). "No view of Palouse from Windows". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane. Archived from the original on November 16, 2009. Retrieved November 16, 2009.
  34. ^ "System requirements for Windows XP operating systems". 28 April 2005. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
  35. ^ "System Requirements for Windows XP Service Pack 2". Microsoft. 20 August 2004. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  36. ^ a b Installing Windows XP Service Pack 3 (SP3
  37. ^ "Windows XP Home Edition Service Pack 2 running on 100 MHz". 2008-04-26. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
  38. ^ "Windows XP Performance". 2001-06-01. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
  39. ^ "Windows XP Service Pack 2 Overview". Microsoft. 2004-08-04. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
  40. ^ "Windows XP Service Pack 1 preview". September 9, 2002. Retrieved 2007-09-21.
  41. ^ "Differences Between Windows XP SP1 and Windows XP SP1a". February 3, 2003. Retrieved 2007-09-21.
  42. ^ "How to obtain the latest Windows XP service pack". March 26, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-21.
  43. ^ "Windows XP Service Pack 2 information". Microsoft. August 4, 2004.
  44. ^ "Internet Explorer 6 software update and its effect on ActiveX controls". Microsoft.
  45. ^ "Why Windows XP SP2b and Windows Server 2003 SP2a?". Microsoft. August 21, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |notes= ignored (help)
  46. ^ "Windows XP Service Pack 2c (SP2c) press release". Blink.nu. August 10, 2007.
  47. ^ "Windows XP Service Pack 2c (SP2c) information". Microsoft. September 17, 2007.
  48. ^ "Windows XP Service Pack 3 Released to Manufacturing". Microsoft. 2008-04-21. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
  49. ^ "Windows XP SP3 Released to Web (RTW), now available on Windows Update and Microsoft Download Center". Microsoft. 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
  50. ^ "Windows XP Service Pack 3 Network Installation Package for IT Professionals and Developers". Microsoft. 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
  51. ^ "Windows XP Service Pack 3 - ISO-9660 CD Image File". Microsoft. 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
  52. ^ "Microsoft sets XP SP3 automatic download for Thursday". Computerworld. 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
  53. ^ "Windows XP Service Pack 3 Overview". Microsoft. 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
  54. ^ List of fixes that are included in Windows XP Service Pack 3
  55. ^ No, Internet Explorer 7 Will Not(!) Be a Part of Windows XP SP3
  56. ^ Windows XP SP3 features
  57. ^ a b Overview of Windows XP Service Pack 3
  58. ^ Description of the Credential Security Service Provider (CredSSP) in Windows XP Service Pack 3
  59. ^ Information about Windows Imaging Component
  60. ^ How to simplify the creation and maintenance of Internet Protocol (IPsec) security filters in Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP
  61. ^ Slipstreamed SP3 still asks for product key
  62. ^ "To Chris Keroack [MSFT] - Slipstreaming". Retrieved 2008-05-19.
  63. ^ Slipstreaming SP3 with MCE 2005
  64. ^ a b FAQs regarding SP3 RTM
  65. ^ Lost Address Bar: Windows XP SP3 forum
  66. ^ ""Lifecycle Supported Service Packs"". Microsoft. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
  67. ^ "End of support for Windows 98, Windows Me, and Windows XP Service Pack 1". 6 January 2006. Retrieved June 27, 2006.
  68. ^ "Lifecycle Supported Service Packs". Retrieved February 2, 2007.
  69. ^ "Microsoft Extends Sales Availability of Windows XP". Retrieved April 8, 2008.
  70. ^ Ina Fried (September 27, 2007). "Microsoft extends Windows XP's stay". CNet News. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  71. ^ "Microsoft Announces Extended Availability of Windows XP Home for ULCPCs". Retrieved April 8, 2008.
  72. ^ "Microsoft to keep Windows XP alive—but only for Eee PCs and wannabes". Retrieved April 8, 2008.
  73. ^ "Microsoft Extends XP Through 2010 for Ultra-Low-Cost Laptops". Retrieved April 4, 2008.
  74. ^ "Troubleshooting MS-DOS-based programs in Windows XP". Knowledge Base. Microsoft Product Support. This means that Windows does not support 16-bit programs that require unrestricted access to hardware. If your program requires this, your program will not work in Windows NT, Windows 2000, or Windows XP. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |trans_title=, |month=, |separator=, and |coauthors= (help)
  75. ^ Mary Jo Foley (2007-10-04). "Internet Explorer 7 update: Now WGA-free". ZDNet. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  76. ^ Steve Reynolds (2007-10-04). "Internet Explorer 7 Update". Microsoft. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  77. ^ a b "Description of the Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications application". Retrieved 2006-10-31.
  78. ^ http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=905474
  79. ^ "New WGA Notifications Released". MSDN Blogs. 2006-09-29. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
  80. ^ "Lawsuit Labels Windows Genuine Advantage as Spyware". eWeek. 2006-07-29. Retrieved 2006-11-10.
  81. ^ "Microsoft OEM Partner Center Website". Retrieved 2007-08-07.
  82. ^ Don Marti (2006-11-06). "Dell customer gets Windows refund". Linuxworld. Retrieved 2008-09-13.
  83. ^ "HP must reimburse Italian PC buyer the amount paid for Microsoft software". Heise online. 2007-10-29. Retrieved 2008-09-13.
  84. ^ "Ruling: Acer must refund purchase price of preinstalled software that is not being used". Heise online. 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2008-09-13.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Windows_XP&oldid=331811963"