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Wilhelm Moritz

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Wilhelm Moritz
Born(1913-06-29)29 June 1913
Altona
Died2010 (aged 96 or 97)
Ontario, Canada
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service / branchArmy (1933–35)
Luftwaffe (1935–45)
Years of service1933–45
RankMajor (major)
UnitZG 1, JG 77, JG 1, JG 51,
JG 3, JG 4
Commands11./JG 1, 12./JG 51, IV./JG 3
II./JG 4
Battles / wars
See battles

World War II

AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Wilhelm Moritz (29 June 1913 – 2010) was a Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. During his career Wilhelm Moritz was credited with 44 victories in 500+ missions.

Career

[edit]

Moritz was born on 29 June 1913 in Altona, a borough of Hamburg in the German Empire.[1]

In mid-1940, Moritz was posted to the II. Gruppe (2nd group) of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) which at the time was based in Norway and commanded by Hauptmann Karl Hentschel.[1][2] There, he was assigned to the 4. Staffel (4th squadron) headed by Hauptmann Helmut Henz which was based at Trondheim-Værnes. Moritz claimed his first aerial victory on 6 July 1940 when he shot down a Royal Air Force (RAF) Bristol Blenheim bomber west of Stavanger[3] He shot down another RAF Blenheim bomber on 19 August followed by a Bristol Beaufort torpedo bomber on 26 October.[4] In November 1940, Moritz succeeded Hauptmann Theodor Cammann as Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 6. Staffel of JG 77.[2] On 10 November, II. Gruppe was withdrawn from Norway and began relocation to France.[5] In France, the Gruppe was based at Brest-Süd Airfield, also known as Brest Guipavas Airfield, where they patrolled the French Atlantic coast.[6] In January 1941, Moritz was posted to the Jagdfliegerschule 4, the fighter pilot school at Fürth Airfield.[7]

In March 1942, IV. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1–1st Fighter Wing) was re-designated and became the III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 5 (JG 5—5th Fighter Wing). In consequence, Hauptmann Fritz Losigkeit was charged with the creation of a new IV. Gruppe which was initially based at Werneuchen near Berlin.[8] Oberleutnant Friedrich Eberle headed 10. Staffel which had already served as 3. Staffel of Jagdgruppe Losigkeit. The Einsatzstaffel of Jagdfliegerschule 4 under Moritz formed 11. Staffel on 3 April. Oberleutnant Franz Eisenach initially led 12. Staffel created from some pilots of the former IV. Gruppe. Command of 12. Staffel then passed on to Oberleutnant Heinz Stöcker.[9] On 10 September, Moritz was transferred to the Gruppenstab (headquarters unit) of IV. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing). He was replaced by Oberleutnant Rainer Framm as commander of 11. Staffel of JG 1.[10]

Eastern Front

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At the time of his posting to JG 51, IV. Gruppe was based at Novodugino, north of Vyazma on the Eastern Front, and fighting in the Battle of Rzhev.[11] The commander of the Gruppe was Hauptmann Johann Knauth.[12] In October 1942, Moritz was given command of 12. Staffel of JG 51. He succeeded Oberleutnant Egon Falkensamer who was transferred.[13] In October 1943, Moritz was transferred to Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing) where he was given command of 6. Staffel. In consequence, command of 12. Staffel of JG 51 was passed to Leutnant Rudolf Wagner.[14]

Defense of the Reich

[edit]

On 15 April 1944, Generalmajor Adolf Galland, at the time the General der Jagdflieger (General of Fighters), visited IV. Gruppe of JG 3 at the airfield in Salzwedel. At the time, Moritz served with Gruppenstab of IV. Gruppe. Galland announced that the IV. Gruppe would be converted to a Sturmgruppe (assault group), the first of such units, as a means to combat the bomber formations of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). Similar to the experimental Sturmstaffel 1 (1st Assault Squadron) of JG 3, the Gruppe was equipped with the heavily armored variant of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A series. Every pilot of the Gruppe was asked to sign a contract, declaring that they would commit themselves to pressing attacks on the bombers to point-blank range, and that aerial ramming should be considered. Three days later, Moritz was officially appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of the IV. Sturmgruppe of JG 3. He replaced Hauptmann Heinz Lang, who had temporarily led the Gruppe after its former commander, Major Friedrich-Karl Müller was appointed Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) on 11 April.[15][16][17]

Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-8/R8 of IV.(Sturm)/JG 3 "Udet", flown by Hauptmann Moritz

Moritz claimed his first aerial victory in Defense of the Reich on 22 April when 803 bombers of the USAAF Eighth Air Force targeted various German transportation targets in western Germany, in particular the railroad classification yard in Hamm. IV. Gruppe was scrambled at 18:20 in Salzwedel and engaged Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers from the 2nd Air Division at 19:40 in a 20 minute aerial during which Moritz shot down one of the B-24 bombers.[18] On 29 April, 679 USAAF bombers, escorted by 814 fighters, headed von Berlin to bomb the capital.[19] IV. Gruppe flew two missions to defend against this attack.[20] On the second mission, the Gruppe intercepted the bombers on their return from the target area at 13:20 in the vicinity of Gardelegen. In this encounter, Moritz claimed an Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory—over a B-24 bomber.[21]

Combat box of a 12-plane B-17 squadron. Three such boxes completed a 36-plane group box.
  1. Lead Element
  2. High Element
  3. Low Element
  4. Low Low Element

On 7 July 1944, a force of 1,129 B-17 Flying Fortresses and B-24 Liberators of the USAAF Eighth Air Force set out from England to bomb aircraft factories in the Leipzig area and the synthetic oil plants at Boehlen, Leuna-Merseburg and Lützkendorf. This formation was intercepted by a German Gefechtsverband (combat formation) consisting of IV. Sturmgruppe of JG 3, led by Hauptmann Moritz, escorted by two Gruppen of Bf 109s from Jagdgeschwader 300 (JG 300—300th Fighter Wing) led by Major Walther Dahl. Dahl and Moritz drove the attack to point-blank range behind the Liberators of the 492d Bombardment Group before opening fire. 492d Bombardment Group was temporarily without fighter cover. Within about a minute the entire squadron of twelve B-24s had been annihilated. The Germans claimed 28 USAAF 2nd Air Division B-24s that day and were credited with at least 21. The majority to the Sturmgruppe attack.[22] This event, also known as the Luftschlacht bei Oschersleben (aerial battle at Oschersleben), earned both Dahl and Moritz a reference in the Wehrmachtbericht, an information bulletin issued by the headquarters of the Wehrmacht, on 8 July.[23] Moritz was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 18 July for 39 aerial victories, including six Herausschüsse.[24]

On 19 November, IV. Gruppe was ordered to an airfield at Stömede, located approximately 11 kilometers (6.8 miles) south of Lippstadt. The plan was to consolidate all three Gruppen of JG 3 in northwestern Germany which were subordinated to the 3. Jagd Division (3rd Fighter Division) commanded by Generalmajor Walter Grabmann. On the afternoon of 26 November, JG 3 was ordered to take off to attack Allied fighter bombers. Weather conditions were adverse at Störmede, visibility less than 1,000 meters (3,300 feet), and cloud cover was down at 75 meters (246 feet). While I. Gruppe lost its commander in a takeoff accident, Moritz aircraft got stuck in the mud during taxiing. The mission ended in a fiasco for JG 3 and Moritz was threatened with court-martial. To avoid legal prosecution, Major Heinz Bär, the Geschwaderkommodore of JG 3, had Moritz transferred to IV. Gruppe of Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader 1 (EJG 1), a Luftwaffe replacement training unit.[25] Moritz left JG 3 on 5 December and was replaced by Hauptmann Hubert-York Weydenhammer.[26]

Summary of career

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Aerial victory claims

[edit]

Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 41 aerial victory claims, plus three further unconfirmed claims. This figure includes 28 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 13 over the Western Allies, including nine four-engined bombers.[27]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 07671". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[28]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Moritz an ace-in-a-day, a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
  This and the – (dash) indicates unwitnessed aerial victory claims for which Moritz did not receive credit.
  This along with the * (asterisk) indicates an Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[29]
Norway — 6 April – 10 November 1940
1 6 July 1940 07:01 Blenheim west of Stavanger[30] 3 26 October 1940 16:52 Beaufort[31] southwest of Bergen
2 19 August 1940 14:47 Blenheim[32]
– 12. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[29]
Eastern Front — September 1942
—
?[Note 1] 		26 September 1942
—
 unknown
—
?[Note 1] 		27 September 1942
—
 unknown
– Stab IV. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[29]
Eastern Front — October – 8 December 1942
4 30 October 1942 09:35 Il-2 south-southeast of Surazh[33] 6 8 December 1942 12:45 Il-2 18 km (11 mi) north of Velikiye Luki[34]
5 3 December 1942 13:50 Il-2 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Velikiye Luki[34] 7 8 December 1942 12:50 Il-2 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Velikiye Luki[34]
– 12. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[29]
Eastern Front — December 1942 – 3 February 1943
8 16 December 1942 10:03 Il-2 PQ 07671[35] 10 17 December 1942 11:47 Il-2 PQ 07594[35]
vicinity of Glazunovka
9 17 December 1942 07:48 Il-2 17 km (11 mi) southwest of Velikiye Luki[35] 11 7 January 1943 11:15 Il-2 PQ 07751[35]
– 12. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[27]
Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 December 1943
12 10 April 1943 12:55 R-Z?[Note 2] PQ 35 Ost 46773[36]
15 km (9.3 mi) east of Vyazma 		22♠ 13 July 1943 14:15 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63252[37]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Zalegoshch
13 8 May 1943 18:10 P-39 PQ 35 Ost 63582[38]
20 km (12 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 		23 15 July 1943 16:40 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 64824[37]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Mtsensk
14 10 May 1943 06:35 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 72131[38]
vicinity of Cheremisnowo 		24 5 August 1943 17:30 La-5 southeast of Karachev[39]
15 5 July 1943 07:25 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 53883[40]
20 km (12 mi) southwest of Fatezh 		25 12 August 1943 17:40 LaGG-3 north of Orvodowka[39]
16 10 July 1943 10:35 MiG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63554[41]
15 km (9.3 mi) west of Maloarkhangelsk 		26 16 August 1943 06:15 LaGG-3 east-southeast of Bohodukhiv[42]
17 10 July 1943 10:40 MiG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63514[41]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Trosna 		27 20 August 1943 06:30 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] northwest of Ulitschewka[42]
18♠ 13 July 1943 11:15 Yak-1 PQ 35 Ost 64883[37]
15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Zalegoshch 		28 27 August 1943 09:12 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] southwest of Kotelva[42]
19♠ 13 July 1943 13:48 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63242[37]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Zalegoshch 		29 19 September 1943 08:15 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] northwest of Sajzewo[43]
20♠ 13 July 1943 13:52 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63241[37]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Zalegoshch 		30 4 October 1943 10:48 Yak-1 northwest of Klushino[44]
21♠ 13 July 1943 14:00 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63251[37]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Zalegoshch 		31 4 October 1943 13:03 Pe-2 southwest of Nowy-Orlik[44]
– Stab IV. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[45]
Defense of the Reich — 18 April – 31 May 1944
32 22 April 1944 19:46 B-24[46] Westerwald, southeast of Bonn 35 8 May 1944 10:14 B-24*[47] north of Braunschweig
33 29 April 1944 13:20 B-24*[46] northwest of Gardelegen 36 13 May 1944 14:16 B-17*[47] Lake Kummerow
34 8 May 1944 10:07 B-24*[47] north of Braunschweig 37 13 May 1944 14:24 B-17*[47] Lake Kummerow
– Stab IV. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[45]
Defense of the Reich — July – December 1944
38 7 July 1944 09:42 B-24*[48] vicinity of Oschersleben 41?[Note 4] 27 September 1944
—
 B-24[49]
39 18 July 1944 10:50 B-17[48] southeast of Kempten 42?[Note 5] 2 November 1944
—
 B-17[50]
40 23 August 1944 12:20 B-24[49] Mürzzuschlag 43?[Note 6] 28 November 1944 13:52 P-51[45]

Awards

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Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b This unconfirmed claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[33]
  2. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Polikarpov R-5.[29]
  3. ^ a b c The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
  4. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman this claim is unconfirmed.[45]
  5. ^ This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[45]
  6. ^ This claim is not listed by Prien.[50]
  7. ^ According to Scherzer as Gruppenkommandeur of the IV.(Sturm)/Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet".[55]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 170.
  2. ^ a b Prien et al. 2001, p. 16.
  3. ^ Prien et al. 2001, pp. 13, 16, 23.
  4. ^ Prien et al. 2001, pp. 24, 26.
  5. ^ Prien et al. 2001, p. 14.
  6. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 358.
  7. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 361.
  8. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 99.
  9. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, pp. 99, 105.
  10. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1994, p. 585.
  11. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 344.
  12. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 350.
  13. ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 252.
  14. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 143.
  15. ^ Prien 1996, pp. 100–102.
  16. ^ Forsyth 2011, p. 71.
  17. ^ Weal 2005, p. 36.
  18. ^ Prien 1996, p. 107.
  19. ^ Prien 1996, p. 111.
  20. ^ Prien 1996, p. 112.
  21. ^ Prien 1996, p. 113.
  22. ^ Weal 1996, p. 78.
  23. ^ Prien 1996, p. 175.
  24. ^ Forsyth 2011, p. 77.
  25. ^ Prien 1996, pp. 254–255.
  26. ^ Prien 1996, p. 257.
  27. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 869–870.
  28. ^ Planquadrat.
  29. ^ a b c d e Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 869.
  30. ^ Prien et al. 2001, p. 23.
  31. ^ Prien et al. 2001, p. 26.
  32. ^ Prien et al. 2001, p. 24.
  33. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 356.
  34. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 357.
  35. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2006, p. 358.
  36. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 147.
  37. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 151.
  38. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 148.
  39. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 152.
  40. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 149.
  41. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 150.
  42. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 153.
  43. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 154.
  44. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 155.
  45. ^ a b c d e Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 870.
  46. ^ a b Prien 1996, p. 356.
  47. ^ a b c d Prien 1996, p. 357.
  48. ^ a b Prien 1996, p. 358.
  49. ^ a b Prien 1996, p. 360.
  50. ^ a b Prien 1996, p. 361.
  51. ^ Dixon 2023, p. 130.
  52. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 148.
  53. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 315.
  54. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 258.
  55. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 551.

Bibliography

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  • Aders, Gebhard; Held, Werner (1993). Jagdgeschwader 51 'Mölders' Eine Chronik – Berichte – Erlebnisse – Dokumente [Fighter Wing 51 'Mölders' A Chronicle - Reports - Experiences - Documents] (in German). Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 978-3-613-01045-1.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  • Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1943–1945. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-39903-073-1.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Forsyth, Robert (2011). Luftwaffe Viermot Aces 1942–45. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 101. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84908-438-3.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 3 M–R. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-20-2.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Rodeike, Peter (1994). Jagdgeschwader 1 und 11: Einsatz in der Reichsverteidigung von 1939 bis 1945: Teil 1, 1939–1943 [Jagdgeschwader 1 and 11: Operations in the Defense of the Reich from 1939 to 1945] (in German). Vol. I 1939–1943. Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-21-2.
  • Prien, Jochen (1996). IV./Jagdgeschwader 3—Chronik einer Jagdgruppe—1943 – 1945 [IV./Jagdgeschwader 3—Chronic of a Fighter Group—1943 – 1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-36-6.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2001). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3—Einsatz in Dänemark und Norwegen 9.4. bis 30.11.1940—Der Feldzug im Westen 10.5. bis 25.6.1940 [Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3—Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940—The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940] (in German). Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-61-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/II—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/II—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-64-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/II—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/II—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-05-5.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Weal, John (1996). Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 9. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-595-1.
  • Weal, John (2005). Luftwaffe Sturmgruppen. Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 20. London, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-908-0.
Military offices
Preceded by
Hauptmann Heinz Lang
 Commander of IV. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3
18 April 1944 – 5 December 1944 		Succeeded by
Hauptmann Hubert-York Weydenhammer
Preceded by
Major Rudolf Schröder
 Commander of I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 4
March 1945 – 8 May 1945 		Succeeded by
None
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