Asinus

Asinus
	Turkmenian kulan (Equus hemionus kulan)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Perissodactyla
Family:	Equidae
Genus:	Equus
Subgenus:	Asinus; Gray, 1824
Type species
	Equus hemionus;
Species
	Equus africanus; Equus asinus; Equus hemionus; Equus kiang; †Equus hydruntinus
	Range of the three living wild ass species

Asinus is a subgenus of Equus that encompasses several subspecies of the Equidae commonly known as wild asses, characterized by long ears, a lean, straight-backed build, lack of a true withers, a coarse mane and tail, and a reputation for considerable toughness and endurance.

The common donkey is the best-known domesticated representative of the subgenus, with both domesticated and feral varieties. Among the wild ass species, several never-domesticated species live in Asia and Africa, with the extinct European wild ass species formerly inhabiting Europe.

Taxonomy

Genus: Equus
- Subgenus: Asinus
  - African wild ass, Equus africanus^[1]^[2]
    - Nubian wild ass, Equus africanus africanus
    - Somali wild ass, Equus africanus somaliensis
    - Atlas wild ass, †Equus africanus atlanticus (extinct 1st millienium AD)
    - Donkey, Equus africanus asinus
  - Onager or Asiatic wild ass, Equus hemionus
    - Mongolian wild ass or khulan, Equus hemionus hemionus
    - Indian wild ass or khur, Equus hemionus khur
    - Turkmenian kulan, Equus hemionus kulan^[3]
    - Persian onager or gur, Equus hemionus onager
    - Syrian wild ass or achdari, †Equus hemionus hemippus (extinct 1927)
  - Kiang or Tibetan wild ass, Equus kiang
    - Western kiang, Equus kiang kiang
    - Eastern kiang, Equus kiang holdereri
    - Southern kiang, Equus kiang polyodon
    - Northern kiang, Equus kiang chu
  - Hydruntine or European wild ass, †Equus hydruntinus (extinct 1st millennium BC)

Cladogram based on whole nuclear genomes after Özkan et al. 2024.^[4]

Asinus (asses)

Equus africanus + Equus asinus African wild ass + domestic donkeys

†Equus hydruntinus (European wild ass/hydruntine)

	†Equus hemionus hemippus (Syrian wild ass)

	Equus hemionus onager (Persian onager)

	Equus hemionus hemionus (Mongolian wild ass) + Equus (hemionus) kiang (kiang)

References

^ Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder, ed. (2005). "Equus asinus". Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
^ International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003). "Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010)" (Summary). Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 60 (1): 81–kksiss84.
^ "Factsheet: Kulan | Common names: Turkmen Kulan, Turkmenian Wild Ass (Horses and Asses (Perissodactyla Equidae) > Equus hemionus > Equus hemionus kulan)". Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
^ Özkan, Mustafa; Gürün, Kanat; Yüncü, Eren; Vural, Kıvılcım Başak; Atağ, Gözde; Akbaba, Ali; Fidan, Fatma Rabia; Sağlıcan, Ekin; Altınışık, Ezgi N.; Koptekin, Dilek; Pawłowska, Kamilla; Hodder, Ian; Adcock, Sarah E.; Arbuckle, Benjamin S.; Steadman, Sharon R. (July 2024). "The first complete genome of the extinct European wild ass ( Equus hemionus hydruntinus )". Molecular Ecology. 33 (14). doi:10.1111/mec.17440. ISSN 0962-1083.

External links

"Ass" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.

[1] Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder, ed. (2005). "Equus asinus". Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press.

[Opinion2007-2] International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003). "Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010)" (Summary). Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 60 (1): 81–kksiss84.

[Factsheet_Kulan_at_Large_Herbivore_Network-3] "Factsheet: Kulan | Common names: Turkmen Kulan, Turkmenian Wild Ass (Horses and Asses (Perissodactyla Equidae) > Equus hemionus > Equus hemionus kulan)". Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2011-12-10.

[:4-4] Özkan, Mustafa; Gürün, Kanat; Yüncü, Eren; Vural, Kıvılcım Başak; Atağ, Gözde; Akbaba, Ali; Fidan, Fatma Rabia; Sağlıcan, Ekin; Altınışık, Ezgi N.; Koptekin, Dilek; Pawłowska, Kamilla; Hodder, Ian; Adcock, Sarah E.; Arbuckle, Benjamin S.; Steadman, Sharon R. (July 2024). "The first complete genome of the extinct European wild ass ( Equus hemionus hydruntinus )". Molecular Ecology. 33 (14). doi:10.1111/mec.17440. ISSN 0962-1083.

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