Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable3

Disclaimer / Warning

This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= parameter of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 20 December 2024. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.

Rank	Target/Group	Entries (Citations, Articles)	Total Citations	Distinct Articles	⁠Citations/article⁠
201	Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies [Beall's journal list]	Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
202	Facebook [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Facebook.	Facebook (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
203	International Journal of Advanced Academic Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced Academic Research (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
204	International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
205	International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
206	International Journal of Nanotechnology [Lying about DOAJ] Not the Inderscience journal	International Journal of Nanotechnology (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
207	International Journal of Pharmacognosy [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmacognosy (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
208	International Journal of Sanskrit Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Sanskrit Research (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
209	International Journal of Scientific Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Scientific Research (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
210	Journal of Environmental Research and Development [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Environmental Research and Development (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
211	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
212	Journal of Research in Biology [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Research in Biology (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
213	The New American [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#The New American.	The New American (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4) American Opinion (2 in 1, 2)	6	6	1.000
214	International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (6 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	6	5	1.200
215	International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies (6 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	6	5	1.200
216	Hygeia (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Hygieia Hygeia (6 in 1, 2, 3)	6	3	2.000
217	Cambridge Scholars Publishing [Beall's publisher list / update]	CSP (6 in 1, 2)	6	2	3.000
218	Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research [Beall's journal list / update]	Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research (6 in 1)	6	1	6.000
219	International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
220	International Journal of Art & Humanity Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Art & Humanity Science (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
221	International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
222	International Journal of Economics and Finance [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Economics and Finance (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
223	International Journal of Environment [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Environment (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
224	International Journal of Innovative Research and Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Research and Development (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4) International Journal of Innovative Research & Development (1 in 1)	5	5	1.000
225	International Journal of Social Science and Humanity [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Social Science and Humanity (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
226	Journal of Financial Education [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Financial Education (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
227	Nutrition Health Review [Quackwatch's list]	Nutrition Health Review (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
228	Scientific World [Beall's journal list]	Scientific World (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
229	Tehnički Vjesnik [Beall's journal list]	Technical Gazette (3 in 1, 2, 3) Tehnički Vjesnik (2 in 1, 2)	5	5	1.000
230	Tropical Plant Research [Beall's journal list]	Tropical Plant Research (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
231	Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	4	1.250
232	LiveJournal [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#LiveJournal.	LiveJournal (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	4	1.250
233	Physics Essays \| `{{doi\|10.4006}}` [—] Publishes quantum woo and relativity denial nonsense that could not possibly have passed meaningful peer-review.	Physics Essays (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	4	1.250
234	STM Journals \| `{{doi\|10.37591}}` [—] Possibly an affiliate of OMICS Publishing Group. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering is likely the ASCE journal, rather than the STM journal.	Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	4	1.250
235	WikiLeaks [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#WikiLeaks.	WikiLeaks (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	4	1.250
236	Journal of Medical Research [Beall's journal list]	The American Journal of Pathology Journal of Medical Research (5 in 1, 2)	5	2	2.500
237	Academic Exchange Quarterly [Beall's journal list]	Academic Exchange Quarterly (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
238	Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease [Beall's journal list / update]	List of Dove Medical Press academic journals Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
239	International Journal of Applied Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Research (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
240	International Journal of Biotechnology [Lying about DOAJ] Not the Inderscience journal	International Journal of Biotechnology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
241	International Journal of Computer Science Issues [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Science Issues (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
242	International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing [Beall's journal list · Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
243	International Journal of Education and Social Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Education and Social Science (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
244	International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology \| `{{doi\|10.17577}}` [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
245	International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
246	International Journal of English and Education [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of English and Education (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
247	International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
248	International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
249	International Journal of Management [Lying about DOAJ · Beall's publisher list]	International Journal of Management (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
250	International Journal of Medicine and Public Health [Beall's journal list / update]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals International Journal of Medicine and Public Health (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
251	International Journal of Zoology Studies [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Zoology Studies (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
252	Jewish Virtual Library [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Jewish Virtual Library.	Jewish Virtual Library (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
253	Journal of Computers [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Computers (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
254	Journal of Computing [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Computing (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
255	Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology [Lying about DOAJ] Not the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers journal	Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
256	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
257	Life Extension (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Life extension Life Extension (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
258	Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
259	Mothering (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Mothering (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
260	Nursing and Midwifery Studies [Beall's journal list / update]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals Nursing and Midwifery Studies (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
261	Research Directions [Beall's journal list]	Research Directions (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
262	World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences \| `{{doi\|10.20959}}` [Beall's journal list]	World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
263	Flex (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Flex (4 in 1, 2, 3)	4	3	1.333
264	Global Journal for Research Analysis [Beall's journal list]	Global Journal for Research Analysis (4 in 1, 2, 3)	4	3	1.333
265	International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (4 in 1, 2, 3)	4	3	1.333
266	International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Research [Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Research (4 in 1, 2, 3)	4	3	1.333
267	Alive (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Alive (1 in 1) Alive Magazine (2 in 1, 2)	3	3	1.000
268	American Journal of Social Issues and Humanities [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Social Issues and Humanities (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
269	Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
270	Center for Promoting Ideas \| `{{doi\|10.30845}}` [Beall's publisher list]	Center for Promoting Ideas (1 in 1) International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (2 in 1, 2)	3	3	1.000
271	European Journal of Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Chemistry (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
272	European Journal of Educational Research [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Educational Research (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
273	European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine [Beall's journal list / update]	European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
274	Excellent Publishers \| `{{doi\|10.20546}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.20546` International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
275	Fake news [Unreliable fields]	Infotainment Hardnews (1 in 1) National Report (1 in 1) Stephen Glass The Fabulist (1 in 1)	3	3	1.000
276	Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal [Beall's journal list]	Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
277	Health Watch [Quackwatch's list]	Health Watch (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
278	Innovative Publication \| `{{doi\|10.18231}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.18231` Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology (1 in 1) Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology (1 in 1) Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine (1 in 1)	3	3	1.000
279	International Journal of Electrochemical Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Electrochemical Science (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
280	International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
281	International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
282	International Journal of English Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of English Research (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
283	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
284	International Journal of Modern Engineering Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
285	International Journal of Network Security [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Network Security (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
286	International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
287	International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
288	International Journal of Research Culture Society [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research Culture Society (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
289	International Journal of Research in Education and Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Education and Science (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
290	International Journal of Sustainable Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Sustainable Development (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
291	International Journal of Trend in Research and Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Trend in Research and Development (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
292	Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology \| `{{doi\|10.34172}}` [Beall's journal list]	`doi=10.34172` Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin (1 in 1) BioImpacts (1 in 1) Journal of Research in Health Sciences (1 in 1)	3	3	1.000
293	Natural Health (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Naturopathy Natural Health (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
294	Pharmacognosy (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Pharmacognosy (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
295	SciAlert.net \| `{{doi\|10.3923}}` · `{{doi\|10.5567}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.3923` Asian Journal of Plant Sciences (1 in 1) Journal of Entomology (1 in 1) Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (1 in 1)	3	3	1.000
296	World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Beall's journal list]	World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
297	arXiv \| `{{doi\|10.48550}}` [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#arXiv.	`doi=10.48550` A&A (1 in 1) ArXiv (1 in 1) International Journal of Nonlinear Science (1 in 1)	3	3	1.000
298	Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (3 in 1, 2)	3	2	1.500
299	Australian International Academic Centre Pty. Ltd. \| `{{doi\|10.7575}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.7575` Advances in Language and Literary Studies (1 in 1) International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature (2 in 1)	3	2	1.500
300	Hans Publishers \| `{{doi\|10.12677}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.12677` Open Journal of Historical Studies (2 in 1) 世界生态学 (International Journal of Ecology) (1 in 1)	3	2	1.500

Legend

Title (bold link) : page existed at time of database dump
Title (bold underlined link) : page existed, as a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (italicized link) : page existed, as a redirect, at time of database dump
Title (italicized underlined link) : page existed, as a redirect to a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (regular blue link) page did not exist at time of database dump
Title (non-link) : title contains invalid characters for a Wikipedia page title
Title (redlink): A red link means the article does not currently exist. This is either because the corresponding article did not exist at the time of the dump (regular red link), or has since been deleted (red link with formatting).
In an entry like The Foobar Journal (13 in 6), the "13 in 6" means that the entry was found 13 times in 6 article. When an entry is found in 5 or fewer articles, they will be listed for convenience.

Date

Compilation last updated on 25 December 2024. The Wikipedia CiteWatch results are based on the database dump of 20 December 2024, using this configuration, with these exclusions.

← Questionable2	Current Questionable3	→ Questionable4