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Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike

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Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike marker
Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike
  • SR 821
  • Ronald Reagan Turnpike
Map
Homestead Extension highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by Florida's Turnpike Enterprise
Length47.856 mi[1][2] (77.017 km)
308.757 mi (496.896 km) including mainline
ExistedMay 1, 1973–present
Major junctions
South end US 1 in Florida City
Major intersections
North end Florida's Turnpike in Miramar
Location
CountryUnited States
StateFlorida
CountiesMiami-Dade, Broward
Highway system
← SR 820SR 821→ SR 822

The Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike (HEFT), designated as unsigned State Road 821 (SR 821), is the southern extension of Florida's Turnpike, a controlled-access toll road in the U.S. state of Florida maintained by Florida's Turnpike Enterprise (FTE). Spanning approximately 48 miles (77 km) along a north–south axis, it supplements the 265-mile (426 km) mainline (designated as SR 91) to form the complete 309-mile (497 km) turnpike. The extension begins at its southern terminus at U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Florida City, and transitions into the SR 91 mainline in Miramar at its northern end. Despite their designations as different state roads, the mainline and the extension are continuous in their exit numbering.

It was opened in stages between 1973 and 1974, after the mainline of the Turnpike was completed, and is used by both commuters and travelers to the Florida Keys and Everglades National Park. Due to its alignment, it acts as a de facto outer beltway for Miami, with the Palmetto Expressway (State Road 826) forming an inner beltway.

Route description

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The road begins at its south end at a partial interchange with US 1 in Florida City[3] next to the Florida Keys Outlet Center, where the road heads northeast as a four lane expressway. Travelers to here from the northern parts of the Turnpike Extension can continue south along US 1 to the Florida Keys or the Everglades National Park (via SR 9336).[4][5] This point also marks the beginning of the HEFT's hidden designation of State Road 821.[1][2]

Between Florida City and Cutler Bay, the HEFT acts as an alternative highway for the communities along US 1.[6] The first 16 miles of the tollway are located within mostly new residential developments that were constructed after Hurricane Andrew, which destroyed most of the area in 1992.[7] Some farms line the rest of this stretch. The first interchange northbound is Campbell Drive / Southwest 312th Street in Homestead,[8] which allows travelers to access the Homestead Hospital and the Homestead-Miami Speedway. The Turnpike then has an exit with Southwest 288th Street at mile 5, providing a connection to the Homestead Air Reserve Base, before leaving Homestead and entering parts of unincorporated Miami-Dade County. At mile 6, the tollway has a southbound exit and northbound entry for Southwest 137th Avenue, with the HEFT heading east-northeast until the exit with SR 989 (Allapattah Road / Southwest 112th Avenue) at mile 9. The road then curves to a northerly direction towards the Homestead Toll Gantry, the first of four on the route, at mile 10. It then enters Cutler Bay,[9] where the highway is also known as the John F. Cosgrove Highway for the next five miles.[4] The first exit in Cutler Bay is with Southwest 216th Street/Cutler Ridge Blvd at mile 11, followed by another at Caribbean Blvd at mile 12. Following exit 11, the turnpike widens to six lanes. The tollway then crosses back over US 1 at the Southland Mall and leaves Cutler Bay. Continuing north, the HEFT serves SR 994 (Quail Roost Drive) at exit 13 and gains another lane in each direction. This is followed by SR 992 (Coral Reef Drive (Southwest 152nd Street)) at exit 16, which marks the northern terminus of the John F. Cosgrove Highway.[1][4][5][10]

The tollway passes through older, predominantly residential areas for the next ten miles. Between exits 16 and 17, the Turnpike Extension swells to ten lanes; this section of the tollway also has the highest traffic count at 172,000 vehicles per day (as of 2014).[4] Past exit 17, where SR 874 (Don Shula Expressway) leaves the HEFT to connect to SR 826 (Palmetto Expressway), the tollway drops back to six lanes and soon reaches an interchange with Southwest 120th Street at mile 19. Just north of the Southwest 120th Street exit, still at mile 19, lies the Snapper Creek Service plaza, which is located on the center median with access from both directions and is the only plaza on the extension; unlike the more robust services along the mainline, it only offers a convenience store inside the gas station.[11] The next exit is with SR 94 (Kendall Drive), followed by the Bird Road Toll Gantry at mile 23; from here, the HEFT takes a beeline path north for the next ten miles. The next exit is with SR 976 (Southwest 40th Street), after which the HEFT gains two extra lanes in preparation for the next two exits. After the tollway forms the western end of the Florida International University campus, it meets the Tamiami Trail (US 41) at exit 25, and then SR 836 (Dolphin Expressway) at exit 26 in Fontainebleau,[12] which provides access to Miami International Airport eastbound.[1][4][5][6][10]

North of this interchange, the Turnpike Extension enters a stretch where it forms the border between undeveloped Miami-Dade County to the west and residential developments to the east for the rest of its journey in the county, its width varying between six and eight lanes, with exits at Northwest 12th Street at mile 26, Northwest 41st Street at mile 29, and at Northwest 74th Street at mile 31. Half a mile north of Northwest 74th Street lies the Okeechobee Toll gantry, with the HEFT then intersecting Northwest 106th Street/Beacon Station Boulevard at mile 34. The tollway starts to curve in a north-easterly direction and comes to exit 35 with US 27. Afterwards, the expressway fully enters an undeveloped portion of Miami-Dade County until the next exit at I-75 northbound at exit 39, which is a northbound only exit, with the southbound direction of the Turnpike Extension receiving some traffic from I-75 south.[6] North of the I-75 interchange, the HEFT becomes a four-laned highway again. It crosses the Broward County line, entering the suburban community of Miramar,[13] and then curves eastward. The expressway has an interchange with SR 823 (Red Road) at exit 43, after which the Turnpike Extension is just one block north of the Miami-Dade County line for the remainder of the tollway's length. Residential and commercial developments line both sides of the HEFT through here. The next exit is with SR 817 (University Drive) at exit 46, allowing access to Hard Rock Stadium and the Calder Race Course. The Miramar Toll gantry then follows the interchange before the Turnpike Extension ends four miles north of the Golden Glades Interchange at the mainline of Florida's Turnpike.[4][5][10][14]

Tolls

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The HEFT is an all-electronic toll road. Tolls are only accepted via SunPass transponders or by toll-by-plate billing at a higher cost. Cash is not accepted. The toll gantries are located at the former toll plazas, which closed on February 19, 2011.[15] As of July 1, 2015, the total cost for a two-axled vehicle to drive the whole length of the Turnpike Extension is $4.24 with SunPass and $5.28 via the toll-by-plate system.[10][16][17] The HEFT has a toll gantry approximately every 12 miles (19 km).[18] In addition to the mainline toll gantries, most interchanges have individual toll gantries for entering or exiting vehicles; typically, these can be found either on the northbound entry and southbound exit, or the southbound entry and northern exit. Most of these gantries charge $0.53 via SunPass or $0.79 via toll-by-plate per entry or exit, but the Allapattah Road, Northwest 74th Street and Northwest 27th Avenue interchanges charge $0.79 via SunPass or $1.06 via toll-by-plate.[17]

Services

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The Snapper Creek service plaza is the lone service plaza on the HEFT, located at mile 19 in the median of the expressway. It is accessible from both directions. The service plaza is open 24 hours a day, featuring a gas station and a convenience store.[11]

History

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After the Turnpike mainline was completed in 1964, the Turnpike Authority (precursor to Florida's Turnpike Enterprise) explored several extensions to the Turnpike system, including an expressway in western Dade County from Florida City to the Turnpike mainline at the Dade/Broward county line.[19] Construction on the tollway began in July 1971.[20] The northernmost thirteen miles of the tollway between US 27 and the Turnpike mainline was open to traffic on May 1, 1973, at a cost of $22 million and a $0.40 toll to motorists.[21] During the first half of 1974, the expressway between Campbell Drive (SW 312th Street) and US 27 was opened in five stages, with the road running uninterrupted from the Turnpike in Miramar to Homestead on May 20, 1974, with the last section to Florida City connecting to US 1 completed later in 1974. The total toll of the expressway was $0.80.[19][22][23]

The HEFT has used mile-based exit numbers and an open toll collection system since its opening; both concepts that were implemented on the Turnpike mainline in the late 1980s and early 1990s.[24][25]

On April 27, 1986, the Okeechobee toll plaza opened with a $.25 toll, with the toll plaza at the US 27 exit being removed, and tolls at the Miramar plaza being lowered from $.40 to $.25.[26] On February 2, 1989, tolls on the Expressway doubled from $1.00 to $2.00, with $.50 being charged at each toll plaza.[27][28] Toll hikes, raising the cost of travelling the expressway from $2 to $3 were supposed to take effect on the Homestead Extension in 1993 to match the rest of the Turnpike, but Hurricane Andrew's impact in the area in 1992 had the state delay toll hikes on the highway until July 9, 1995.[29][30] In 1997, the Bird Road toll plaza was reconfigured to its current two part form to accommodate the then-bottleneck section of the expressway.[31] The SunPass electronic toll collection system was implemented during 1999, with the toll plazas being reconfigured to allow lanes dedicated to transponder users.[32] A toll hike took effect on March 7, 2004, increasing the toll rate for non SunPass users to $4 for a full-length trip, with SunPass users still using the 1995 toll rates.[33][34]

The portion of the HEFT between Exits 11 (Cutler Ridge Boulevard) and 16 (State Road 992) was designated the "John F. Cosgrove Highway" in 2008 by the Florida Legislature, following his death in 2006. A lawyer and former legislator, Cosgrove was also the first mayor of Cutler Bay, a city along the HEFT. He was instrumental in passing legislation to keep insurers from leaving the state following Hurricane Andrew.[4]

On February 19, 2011, the HEFT ceased cash toll collections, becoming an exclusively electronic toll road, a move that was announced in November 2009.[15][35][36] The staffed toll plazas were converted into all electronic toll gantries, and the only ways to pay are either by SunPass transponders or billing by the toll-by-plate program.[16][37]

In 2007, legislation was passed in Florida to index toll rates across the state to the national Consumer price index (CPI), to be enacted by the end of June, 2012. As a result, the toll rates on the HEFT were raised on June 24, 2012,[38] an increase of 11.7% to reflect the previous five years. In keeping with the legislation, SunPass and toll-by-plate rates were then raised again on July 1, 2013, by 2.1%.[39] Since the indexing of tolls to the national CPI, the entry and exit toll rates have risen by approximately 30 cents, in some cases more than double their pre-2012 rates.[10][17]

Exit list

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Despite being designated by the Florida Department of Transportation as a separate route (SR 821) from the main portion of Florida's Turnpike (SR 91), the HEFT's exit numbers are regarded to be a continuation of the Turnpike's mainline.[18][40]

County[10]Location[14][41]mi[40]kmExit[40]DestinationsNotes[17][42]
Miami-DadeFlorida City0.0000.0001 US 1 – Florida City, Key WestSouthern Terminus of Turnpike, HEFT, and SR 821
Homestead3.1335.0422 Campbell Drive / Southwest 312th Street – HomesteadTolled northbound exit and southbound entrance; Access to Homestead Hospital and Homestead-Miami Speedway
Leisure City5.2748.4885Biscayne Drive / Southwest 288th StreetTolled northbound exit and southbound entrance
Princeton6.1249.8566Speedway Boulevard / Southwest 137th AvenueSouthbound exit and northbound entrance; Access to Homestead-Miami Speedway
9.19914.8049 SR 989 (Southwest 112th Avenue)Tolled northbound exit and southbound entrance; signed as exits 9A (south) and 9B (north) southbound
10.516.9Homestead Gantry
Cutler Bay11.78718.96911Southwest 216th Street / Cutler Ridge Boulevard
12.52920.16312Caribbean Boulevard / Southwest 200th StreetAccess to US 1 via Caribbean Boulevard; access to Southland Mall
South Miami Heights13.90222.37313 SR 994 (Quail Roost Drive) / Eureka Drive
Richmond Heights16.24126.13716 (NB)
18 (SB)		 SR 992 (Southwest 152nd Street) / Southwest 117th AvenueTolled northbound exit and southbound entrance; access to Jackson South Medical Center and Zoo Miami via Southwest 152nd Street
Kendall17.90728.81917

 SR 874 north (Don Shula Expressway) to SR 826 – Miami		Northbound exit and southbound entrance; south end of SR 874 (tolled road)
18.44829.68919Southwest 120th StreetTolled northbound exit and southbound entrance
18.845[1]30.328Snapper Creek Service Plaza
20.45932.92620 SR 94 (Kendall Drive / Southwest 88th Street)Tolled northbound exit and southbound entrance
Kendale Lakes22.035.4Bird Road Gantry
Westchester–Tamiami–
Westwood Lakes tripoint		23.75538.23023 SR 976 (Southwest 40th Street)Tolled southbound exit and northbound entrance; northbound exit and entrance is via Southwest 117th Avenue; access to HCA Florida Kendall Hospital
Westchester–Tamiami–
Sweetwater tripoint		25.76241.46025 US 41 (Southwest 8th Street)Tolled southbound exit and northbound entrance; southbound signed as exits 25A (west) and 25B (east); access to Florida International University
Fontainebleau–Tamiami–
Doral tripoint		26.77443.08926

 SR 836 east (Dolphin Expressway) to SR 826 – Miami, Miami International Airport		Dolphin Expressway is tolled; Southbound connects to westbound Dolphin Expressway via exit 27
27.22543.81427
 SR 836 west (Dolphin Expressway)		Southbound to westbound connection via shared southbound exit ramp with Northwest 12th Street; No northbound connection to westbound 836; Dolphin Expressway is tolled; Opened October 23rd, 2024
27.22543.814Northwest 12th StreetTolled northbound exit and southbound entrance; access to Dolphin Mall
Doral29.25747.08529Northwest 41st StreetTolled northbound exit and southbound entrance
31.22250.24731Northwest 74th StreetTolled northbound exit and southbound entrance; opened 2010;[43] to SR 934
31.851.2Okeechobee Gantry
​33.28053.55934Flagler Station Boulevard / Northwest 106th StreetTolled southbound exit and northbound entrance
Hialeah Gardens35.40856.98435 US 27 (Okeechobee Road)Tolled southbound exit and northbound entrance
376037Northwest 170th StreetNew interchange under construction; will be tolled southbound exit and northbound entrance
Miami-Dade–Broward
county line		Hialeah–Miramar line39.49163.55539
 I-75 north – Naples		Northbound exit and southbound entrance; exit 5 on I-75

 I-75 to SR 860 – Naples, Miami		Southbound exit and northbound entrance; other movements via exit 35; exit 5 on I-75; exit opened early 2019
Miramar–Country Club line43.36969.79643 SR 823 (Red Road / Northwest 57th Avenue)Tolled northbound exit and southbound entrance
Miramar–Miami Gardens line46.35574.60147 SR 817 (University Drive / Northwest 27th Avenue) / SR 852 (Northwest 215th Street / County Line Road)Tolled northbound exit and southbound entrance
47.276.0Miramar Gantry
47.45876.37648



 Florida's Turnpike south to I-95 / SR 826 / US 441 (SR 7) – Airport, Stadium		Northbound exit and southbound entrance to Turnpike Stub; exit 4X (Mainline, Turnpike Stub, SR 91)
47.85677.017–
 Florida's Turnpike north – Orlando		Transition from HEFT to mainline Turnpike continues north; northern terminus of SR 821
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e District 8 (January 15, 2015). "Straight Line Diagram of Road Inventory 87471000". Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 19, 2015. Retrieved November 14, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b District 8 (June 5, 2013). "Straight Line Diagram of Road Inventory 86471000". Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 19, 2015. Retrieved November 14, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ U.S. Census Bureau Geography Division (January 7, 2011). P.L. 94-171 County Block Map (2010 Census): Miami-Dade County, FL (PDF) (Map). U.S. Census Bureau. Sheet 133. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "System Description Homestead Extension". Florida Department of Transportation. 2005. Archived from the original on September 22, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2007.
  5. ^ a b c d "Map of Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved April 16, 2010.
  6. ^ a b c Florida Department of Transportation Surveying and Mapping Office (April 2007). General Highway Map Miami-Dade County, Florida (PDF) (Map) (May 2010 ed.). Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2011. Retrieved June 25, 2010.{{cite map}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  7. ^ Rappaport, Ed (December 25, 1998). Beven, Jack (ed.). "Preliminary Report – Hurricane Andrew – 16–28 August 1992". U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 25, 2013. [Hurricane] Andrew's impact on southern Dade County, Florida was extreme from the Kendall district southward through Homestead and Florida City, to near Key Largo. [...] Andrew reportedly destroyed 25,524 homes and damaged 101,241 others. The Dade County Grand Jury reported that ninety percent of all mobile homes in south Dade County were totally destroyed. In Homestead, more than 99% (1167 of 1176) of all mobile homes were completely destroyed.
  8. ^ U.S. Census Bureau Geography Division (January 7, 2011). P.L. 94-171 County Block Map (2010 Census): Miami-Dade County, FL (PDF) (Map). U.S. Census Bureau. Sheet 134. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  9. ^ U.S. Census Bureau Geography Division (January 7, 2011). P.L. 94-171 County Block Map (2010 Census): Miami-Dade County, FL (PDF) (Map). U.S. Census Bureau. Sheet 111. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  10. ^ a b c d e f "Florida's Turnpike System Homestead Extension Map" (PDF). Florida Department of Transportation. December 9, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 11, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
  11. ^ a b "Service Plazas". Florida's Turnpike Enterprise. 2005. Archived from the original on November 26, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2009.
  12. ^ U.S. Census Bureau Geography Division (January 7, 2011). P.L. 94-171 County Block Map (2010 Census): Miami-Dade County, FL (PDF) (Map). U.S. Census Bureau. Sheet 56. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  13. ^ U.S. Census Bureau Geography Division (January 7, 2011). P.L. 94-171 County Block Map (2010 Census): Broward County, FL (PDF) (Map). U.S. Census Bureau. Sheet 66. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  14. ^ a b Municipal Boundaries 2009 (PDF) (Map). Cartography by Broward County GIS. Broward County, Florida. 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  15. ^ a b Turnbell, Michael (February 14, 2011). "Turnpike to stop taking cash on Homestead Extension Feb. 19". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
  16. ^ a b "All-Electronic Open Road Tolling". Florida's Turnpike Authority. 2011. Archived from the original on July 12, 2010. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
  17. ^ a b c d "Toll Rates for Florida Turnpike System and Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) Toll Facilities – South Florida" (PDF). Florida Department of Transportation, Florida's Turnpike Enterprise. July 1, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2015. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  18. ^ a b "Interchanges and Mileage". Florida Department of Transportation. 2005. Archived from the original on August 15, 2009. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
  19. ^ a b "Florida's Turnpike 50 Year Celebration" (PDF). Florida Department of Transportation. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 22, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2009.
  20. ^ "Extension Set For Turnpike". St. Petersburg Times. July 5, 1971. p. 3B.
  21. ^ "West Dade Expressway section ready to open". The Palm Beach Post. April 28, 1973. p. 3A.
  22. ^ "Turnpike Lengthened: Section Cuts Travel Time to Homestead". The Palm Beach Post. May 21, 1974. p. 1B.
  23. ^ Williams, Verne. (January 15, 1974). "West Dade Expressway link may open within two weeks". The Miami News. p. 5B.
  24. ^ "No More Ticket to Ride Change in Store for Turnpike Drivers". Miami Herald. August 18, 1990. p. 1B.
  25. ^ Madigan, Nick (March 1, 1989). "State's Exit Amnesia Has Inns In An Uproar". The Palm Beach Post. p. 1A.
  26. ^ "New Toll Plaza Will Open Tonight on Turnpike Near Okeechobee Road". Miami Herald. April 25, 1986. p. 1C.
  27. ^ "Bee Line Expressway tolls to rise on Thursday". Ocala Star-Banner. February 2, 1989. p. 2B.
  28. ^ "Toll Booth Wars Thousands In Dade Find Cheaper Routes". Miami Herald. March 5, 1989. p. 1A.
  29. ^ "Florida Turnpike tolls to increase today". Ocala Star-Banner. July 11, 1993. p. 4B.
  30. ^ Carrillo, Lynn. (July 8, 1995). "Toll Change To Cost More Change". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. p. 3B.
  31. ^ "Turnpike Toll Plaza To Expand Bird Road Work Begins Monday". Miami Herald. May 16, 1997. p. 1B.
  32. ^ "Florida's Turnpike: Providing Transportation Alternatives for 55 Years!". Florida's Turnpike Enterprise. 2005. Archived from the original on June 7, 2006. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  33. ^ McGinness, Chuck (January 8, 2004). "Plan To Hike Toll On Turnpike Rapped". The Palm Beach Post. p. 7B.
  34. ^ Turnbell, Michael (March 6, 2004). "Drivers Dash To Get SunPass Before Toll Increases Kick In". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. p. 1B.
  35. ^ Turnbell, Michael (18 Feb 2011). "Florida's Turnpike might lose $6 million a year when it switches to no-cash tolls on Homestead Extension". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on 2011-02-22. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
  36. ^ "Tolls go electronic on 47-mile stretch of Florida Turnpike". St. Petersburg Times. November 19, 2009. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
  37. ^ Turnbell, Michael (October 26, 2009). "Florida's Turnpike to go cashless as it switches to electronic tolling". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on December 12, 2009. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
  38. ^ "Indexed Toll Rates for Florida Turnpike System and Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) Toll Facilities – South Florida" (PDF). Florida Department of Transportation, Florida's Turnpike Enterprise. June 24, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 10, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  39. ^ "Traveler Information | Toll Rates". Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on September 26, 2013. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
  40. ^ a b c Hatcher, Tina (November 24, 2008). "Florida Department of Transportation Interchange Report" (PDF). Florida Department of Transportation. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 8, 2012. Retrieved July 27, 2009.
  41. ^ "Municipalities" (Map). e-Maps Viewer. Miami-Dade County. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
  42. ^ "Florida's Interstate Exit Numbers". Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on May 29, 2009. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
  43. ^ "Turnpike/NW 74th Street interchange in Miami-Dade to open at 6 a.m. Wednesday, April 28" (PDF). Florida's Turnpike Authority. April 27, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
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