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Brest Region

Coordinates: 52°22′57″N 25°11′59″E / 52.38250°N 25.19972°E / 52.38250; 25.19972
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(Redirected from Vyalikaye Hatsishcha)
This article is about the Belarusian Voblast. For the greater Brest region in France, see Arrondissement of Brest.
Brest Region
Брэсцкая вобласць (Belarusian)
Брестская область (Russian)
Region
From the top to bottom-right: Bison Statue at the entrance to the region, Tower of Kamyenyets, Kosava Castle, Khram Arkhangela Mikhaila, Courage Monument
Flag of Brest Region
Flag
Coat of arms of Brest Region
Coat of arms
Location of Brest Region
CountryBelarus
Administrative centerBrest
Largest citiesBrest - 350,616
Baranavichy - 179,000
Pinsk - 137,960
Districts16
Cities: 20
Urban localities: 9
Selsoviets: 225
Villages: 2,178
Established1939
Government
 • ChairmanPiotr Parkhomchik
Area
 • Total
32,790.68 km2 (12,664 sq mi)
Population
 (2024)[1]
 • Total
1,308,569
 • Density40/km2 (100/sq mi)
GDP
[2]
 • TotalBr 24.4 billion
(€7.4 billion)
 • Per capitaBr 18,000
(€5,000)
ISO 3166 codeBY-BR
HDI (2022)0.793[3]
high · 3rd
Websitewww.brest-region.by
Map

Brest Region, also known as Brest Oblast,[a] Brest Voblasts[b] or Brestchyna,[c] is one of the six regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Brest. Other major cities in the region include Baranavichy, and Pinsk. As of 2024, it has a population of 1,308,569.[1]

Geography

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It is located in the southwestern part of Belarus, bordering the Podlasie and Lublin voivodeships of Poland on the west, the Volyn Oblast and Rivne Oblast of Ukraine on the south, the Grodno Region and Minsk Region on the north, and Gomel Region on the east. The region covers a total area of 32,800 km²,[4] about 15.7% of the national total.

The westernmost point of Belarus is situated in Kamyenyets District near the town of Vysokaye.[5]

2.7% of the territory is covered by Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park, 9.8% is covered by 17 wildlife preserves of national importance.[6]

It is often dubbed the Western gateway to Belarus. Geographically, the Brest Region belongs to the area known as Polesia. The area of the region was part of the Second Polish Republic from 1921 until 1939 largely as the Polesie Voivodeship, when it was joined to the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Northeastern part of it was administered as part of Nowogródek Voivodeship.

Demographics

[edit]

The Brest Region has a population of 1,380,391,[7] about 14,7% of the national total. About 47.2% of the region's population are men, and the remaining 52.8% are women. Number of inhabitants per 1 km2 is 43.[4] Share of urban population is increasing continuously since the 1950s (17.1% in 1950, 70.5% in 2017).[8]

Of the major nationalities living in the Brest Region, 1,262,600 are Belarusians (85%), 128,700 (8.6%) are Russians, 57,100 (3.8%) are Ukrainians, and 27,100 (1.8%) are Poles. 53.7% of the population speak Belarusian and 42.6% speak Russian as their native language.[9]

Brest is the province with the highest birth rate in all of Belarus. As of 2008, the birth rate was 12.0 per 1000 and death rate was 13.4 per 1000.[10] In 2017, 12.4% of live births were to unmarried women (average in Belarus — 18.1%).[11]

As of 2018, share of the population under working age was 19.3% (average in Belarus — 17.9%), of working age — 55.7% (average in Belarus — 57.2%), over working age — 25% (average in Belarus — 25.1%).[12][13]

In 2015—2017, the region had a positive net migration rate for international migration (+3,209 in 2015, +1,771 in 2016, +1,357 in 2017) and negative — for internal migration (-6,294 in 2015, -3,659 in 2016, -1,836 in 2017). In 2017, 6,944 people which departed from the Brest Region arrived in Minsk, 2,219 — in the Minsk Region, 2,118 — in the Hrodna Region, less than 1,000 — in every other region.[14]

Year 1939 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
Population (thousands)[8] 1,208.9 1,186.2 1,142 1,191.5 1,234.4 1,292.8 1,332.8 1,367 1,407.5
Year 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Population (thousands)[8] 1,460.5 1,497.4 1,481.9 1,439.3 1,426.8 1,417.8 1,409.7 1,404.5 1,399.2
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Population (thousands)[8][7] 1,394.8 1,391.4 1,390.4 1,388.5 1,388.9 1,387.0 1,386.4 1,384.5 1,380.4
Year 2023
Population (thousands) 1,315.4[15]
Birth & death rates 1950 1960 1970 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Birth rate[16][17] 26.3 25.5 17.4 16.8 17.1 15 11.3 10.8 10.4 12.2 12.7 13.1 13.2 13.4 13.5 13.5 11.8
Death rate[16][18] 9 6.9 7.6 9.9 10.6 10.5 12.5 12.7 14.2 14.3 14.2 13.1 13 12.6 12.7 12.6 12.8
Life expectancy
at birth		 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017
Overall[19] 72 69.5 69.8 69.3 70.9 74.2 74.5 74.4
female[19] 76.3 74.9 75.6 75.7 77 78.9 79.4 79.3
male[19] 67.3 64.4 64.2 63.3 65.1 69.2 69.4 69.4
Marriages and divorces 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017
Marriages (total)[20] 11,743 11,613 11,639 13,366 14,029 11,386 9,453 10,660 11,060 11,155 9,016 9,123
Marriages (per 1000 population)[20] 10 9.7 9 9.7 9.6 7.6 6.4 7.4 7.9 8 6.5 6.6
Divorces (total)[20] 202 820 1,886 3,193 3,502 4,758 5,343 3,826 4,762 4,252 4,186 4,108
Divorces (per 1000 population)[20] 0.2 0.7 1.5 2.3 2.4 3.2 3.6 2.7 3.4 3.1 3 3
  • Belarusians in the region   >95%   90—95%   85—90%   <85%
    Belarusians in the region
      >95%
      90—95%
      85—90%
      <85%
  • Russians in the region   >10%   8–10%   5–8%   2–5%   <2%
    Russians in the region
      >10%
      8–10%
      5–8%
      2–5%
      <2%
  • Ukrainians in the region   >6%   4–6%   2–4%   1–2%   <1%
    Ukrainians in the region
      >6%
      4–6%
      2–4%
      1–2%
      <1%
  • Poles in the region   >5%   2–5%   1–2%   0.5–1%   <0.5%
    Poles in the region
      >5%
      2–5%
      1–2%
      0.5–1%
      <0.5%
  • Birth rates by districts and major cities (2017)
    Birth rates by districts and major cities (2017)
  • Mortality rates by districts and major cities (2017)
    Mortality rates by districts and major cities (2017)

Administrative territorial entities

[edit]

The region was formed in 1939 after reunification of Western Belarus and the Byelorussian SSR. Today it comprises 16 districts (raions), 225 rural councils (selsoviets), 20 cities, 5 city municipalities, 9 urban-type settlements, and 2178 villages.

Districts of Brest Region

[edit]

The sixteen raions (districts) of the Brest Region are:

Cities and towns

[edit]
Latin Belarusian Russian Pop. (2023)[1]
Brest Брэст Брест 342,461
Baranavichy Баранавiчы Барановичи 172,150
Pinsk Пінск Пинск 124,613
Kobryn Кобрын Кобрин 52,670
Byaroza Бяроза Берёза 28,397
Luninyets Лунінец Лунинец 23,548
Ivatsevichy Івацэвічы Ивацевичи 22,487
Pruzhany Пружаны Пружаны 19,064
Ivanava Іванава Иваново 16,272
Drahichyn Драгічын Дрогичин 14,856
Zhabinka Жабінка Жабинка 14,231
Stolin Столін Столин 13,550
Hantsavichy Ганцавічы Ганцевичи 13,486
Malaryta Маларыта Малорита 12,850
Mikashevichy Мікашэвічы Микашевичи 12,395
Byelaazyorsk Белаазёрск Белоозёрск 10,997
Lyakhavichy Ляхавічы Ляховичи 10,613
Kamyanyets Камянец Каменец 8,316
Davyd-Haradok Давыд-Гарадок Давид-Городок 5,774
Vysokaye Высокае Высокое 4,843
Kosava Косава Коссово 1,872

Tourism

[edit]

There are about 70 travel agencies in Brest Region, most of them provide both agent and operator activities.[21][22] Main tourist attractions in the region are Belovezhskaya Puscha and Brest Fortress.

Economy

[edit]

As of 2017, the industrial output of the region amounted to Br 10,578,000 (~US$5,300 million), or 11.2% of the Belarusian industrial output.[23]

Food industry is the leading economy sphere in the region (47.6% of the region's industrial output). The biggest industrial plants in the region are "Savushkin produkt" (dairy products), "Santa Bremor" (fish products), Brestgazoapparat (gas equipment, including "Gefest" cookers; all three are situated in Brest), "Pinskdrev" in Pinsk (furniture, matches and other wood products), "Polesie" in Kobryn (toys and plastic products). Other major factories are machine tool plant "Atlant", cotton factory, military jet fighters repair plant (all three are situated in Baranavichy (Baranovichi)), sugar plant in Zhabinka, "Polesie" textile and garment factory in Pinsk, "Ivacevichidrev" wood products plant in Ivacevichi, "Granite" quarry in Mikashevichi, "Belsolod" malt factory in Ivanava (the only such plant in Belarus).[24]

Food factories in the region produced 153.9 thousand tons of meat and offal in 2017, 90 thousand tons of sausage products, 29.7 thousand tons of meat semi-finished products, 71.8 tons of fish and semi-finished products (including canned fish), 551.9 thousand tons of whole milk products, 47.2 thousand tons of cottage cheese, 66.1 thousand tons of cheese, 21.3 thousand tons of butter, 108.2 thousand tons of flour, 2.5 million decalitres of beer and 4.3 million decalitres of distilled alcoholic beverages.[25] Textile and garment factories produced 56,361 thousand m2 of fabrics in 2017, 994 thousand m2 of carpets, 5.9 million pieces of all types of knitwear, 1.9 million pieces of outerwear (except knitwear), 28.4 million pairs of socks and similar hosiery, 623 thousand shoes.[26] Electrical plants in the region produced 242.2 thousand electric engines (alternating current), 4800 transformers, 899 thousand lamps.[27] Brest lamp factory is producing incandescent light bulbs, 2 factories are engaged in production of diodes and printed circuit boards.[24]

Byarozaŭskaja (Berezovskaya) thermal power plant in Byaroza District is one of the biggest power plants in Belarus (1095 MW, 4.8 GW·h annually). As of 2018, it had 4 power generating units with combined cycle gas turbines.[28]

As of 2017, total cultivated area in the region was 930,000 hectares, including 844,400 hectares of land used by agricultural organizations (mainly state-owned), 17,900 hectares — by the registered farmers, and 67,700 hectares — by personal farms of the population. 383,800 hectares of fields were used to grow cereals, 52,800 — rapeseeds, 21,800 — sugar beets, 5,700 — flax, 56,300 — potatoes, 12,700 — vegetables, 392,800 — feed crops.[29] Big agricultural organizations harvest almost all cereals, flax, sugar beets, rapeseeds and feed crops, while farmers (both registered and not) harvest more than 90% of potatoes (1,144,400 tons of 1,266,200 in the region) and vegetables (409,400 tons of 439,200 in the region).[30] Average cereal yield in the region in 2017 was 3,480 kg per hectare (average in Belarus — 3,330), sugar beet yield — 43,900 kg per hectare (average in Belarus — 49,900), flax fiber yield — 1,160 kg per hectare (average in Belarus — 920).[31][32] Due to warm mild climate and personal activity, the region leads in the production of many fruits, vegetables and berries in Belarus. Several villages are widely known as a "cucumber capital", "strawberry capital", "carrot capital", etc.[33]

As of 2018, agricultural organizations and farmers kept 861,600 cattle (including 301,100 cows), 491,100 pigs, 10,000 horses, 19,500 sheep, 7,605,000 poultry. In 2017, all types of farms in the region produced 218,700 tons of livestock and poultry meat (in slaughter weight), 1,605,000 tons of milk (second place among the regions of Belarus) and 606.8 million eggs (second place).[34]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Russian: Брестская область, romanized: Brestskaya oblast'.
  2. ^ Belarusian: Брэсцкая вобласць, romanized: Bresckaja voblasć; Taraskievica: Берасьцейская вобласьць, romanized: Bieraściejskaja vobłaść.
  3. ^ Belarusian: Брэстчына, romanized: Brestčyna; also Берасьцейшчына, Bieraściejščyna.

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Численность населения на 1 января 2024 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2023 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа". belsat.gov.by. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  2. ^ "Gross domestic product and gross regional product by regions and Minsk city in 2023". www.belstat.gov.by.
  3. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.
  4. ^ a b "Main Geographic Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus. Territory and population density of Belarus by region as of January 1, 2011". Land of Ancestors. The Scientific and Production State Republican Unitary Enterprise “National Cadastre Agency” of the State Property Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 2011. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  5. ^ "Main Geographic Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus". Land of Ancestors. The Scientific and Production State Republican Unitary Enterprise “National Cadastre Agency” of the State Property Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 2011. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  6. ^ "Nature reserves and national parks, wildlife preserves and nature sanctuaries". Land of Ancestors. Data of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus. 2011. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  7. ^ a b Численность населения по городам и районам (in Russian)
  8. ^ a b c d Демографический ежегодник Республики Беларусь. Статистический сборник. Минск, 2018 Archived 2019-07-14 at the Wayback Machine. С. 29.
  9. ^ Ethnic Composition of the Population of the Republic of Belarus: Population Census 2009. Vol. 3. National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 2011. p. 378. Archived from the original (Zip archive) on 23 April 2012.
  10. ^ "Новости". Archived from the original on 2009-09-18. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
  11. ^ Демографический ежегодник Республики Беларусь. Статистический сборник. Минск, 2018 Archived 2019-07-14 at the Wayback Machine. С. 266.
  12. ^ Демографический ежегодник Республики Беларусь. Статистический сборник. Минск, 2018 Archived 2019-07-14 at the Wayback Machine. С. 51.
  13. ^ Демографический ежегодник Республики Беларусь. Статистический сборник. Минск, 2018 Archived 2019-07-14 at the Wayback Machine. С. 78.
  14. ^ Демографический ежегодник Республики Беларусь. Статистический сборник. Минск, 2018 Archived 2019-07-14 at the Wayback Machine. С. 415—416.
  15. ^ "Численность населения на 1 января 2023 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2022 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа". belsat.gov.by. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  16. ^ a b Демографический ежегодник Республики Беларусь. Статистический сборник. Минск, 2018 Archived 2019-07-14 at the Wayback Machine. С. 144.
  17. ^ Регионы Республики Беларусь. Статистический сборник. Том 1. Минск, 2018. С. 109.
  18. ^ Регионы Республики Беларусь. Статистический сборник. Том 1. Минск, 2018. С. 116.
  19. ^ a b c Демографический ежегодник Республики Беларусь. Статистический сборник. Минск, 2018 Archived 2019-07-14 at the Wayback Machine. С. 179.
  20. ^ a b c d Демографический ежегодник Республики Беларусь. Статистический сборник. Минск, 2018 Archived 2019-07-14 at the Wayback Machine. С. 187.
  21. ^ Ministry of Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Belarus. (2011). "Number of organizations engaged in tourist activities in 2010 in Belarus". Land of Ancestors. National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  22. ^ Ministry of Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Belarus. (2011). "Number of organisations engaged in tourist activities in Belarus by region". Land of Ancestors. National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  23. ^ Промышленность Республики Беларусь [Industry in Belarus]. Minsk: National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 2018. p. 38.
  24. ^ a b Промышленность Archived 2019-07-17 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  25. ^ Промышленность Республики Беларусь [Industry in Belarus]. Minsk: National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 2018. pp. 89–96.
  26. ^ Промышленность Республики Беларусь [Industry in Belarus]. Minsk: National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 2018. pp. 98–101.
  27. ^ Промышленность Республики Беларусь [Industry in Belarus]. Minsk: National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 2018. p. 133.
  28. ^ Березовская ГРЭС (in Russian)
  29. ^ Сельское хозяйство Республики Беларусь [Agriculture in Belarus]. Minsk: National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 2018. pp. 64–71.
  30. ^ Сельское хозяйство Республики Беларусь [Agriculture in Belarus]. Minsk: National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 2018. pp. 97–101.
  31. ^ Сельское хозяйство Archived 2019-05-04 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  32. ^ Сельское хозяйство Республики Беларусь [Agriculture in Belarus]. Minsk: National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 2018. pp. 110–117.
  33. ^ В Брестской области появились свои сельскохозяйственные столицы (in Russian)
  34. ^ Сельское хозяйство Республики Беларусь [Agriculture in Belarus]. Minsk: National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 2018. pp. 131–155.
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52°22′57″N 25°11′59″E / 52.38250°N 25.19972°E / 52.38250; 25.19972

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