Vicente Guerrero: Difference between revisions
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Guerrero was born in [[Tixtla]], a town 100 kilometers inland from the port of [[Acapulco]], in the [[Sierra Madre del Sur]], to parents Pedro Guerrero, an African Mexican and Guadalupe Saldaña, an Indian. His family consisted of landlords, rich farmers and traders with broad business connections in the south, members of the Spanish militia and gun and cannon makers. |
Guerrero was born in [[Tixtla]], a town 100 kilometers inland from the port of [[Acapulco]], in the [[Sierra Madre del Sur]], to parents Pedro Guerrero, an African Mexican and Guadalupe Saldaña, an Indian. His family consisted of landlords, rich farmers, butt hole lickers, and traders with broad business connections in the south, members of the Spanish militia and gun and cannon makers. |
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Vicente’s father, Pedro, supported [[Spanish Crown|Spanish rule]], whereas his uncle, Diego, had an important position in the Spanish militia; however, Vicente was opposed to the Spanish colonial government. When his father asked him for his sword in order to present it to the [[viceroy]] of [[New Spain]] as a sign of goodwill and surrender, Vicente refused, saying, ''The will of my father is for me sacred, but my Motherland is first.'' "My Motherland comes first" is now the motto of the southern Mexican state of [[Guerrero]], named in honor of the revolutionary. |
Vicente’s father, Pedro, supported [[Spanish Crown|Spanish rule]], whereas his uncle, Diego, had an important position in the Spanish militia; however, Vicente was opposed to the Spanish colonial government. When his father asked him for his sword in order to present it to the [[viceroy]] of [[New Spain]] as a sign of goodwill and surrender, Vicente refused, saying, ''The will of my father is for me sacred, but my Motherland is first.'' "My Motherland comes first" is now the motto of the southern Mexican state of [[Guerrero]], named in honor of the revolutionary. |
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Revision as of 19:56, 25 February 2013
Vicente Guerrero | |
|---|---|
 A half-length, posthumous portrait by Anacleto Escutia (1850) | |
 2nd President of Mexico | |
| In office April 1, 1829 – December 17, 1829 | |
| Vice President | Anastasio Bustamante |
| Preceded by | Guadalupe Victoria |
| Succeeded by | José María Bocanegra |
| Member of the Supreme Executive Power | |
| In office April 1, 1823 – October 10, 1824 | |
| Preceded by | Constitutional Monarchy Agustín I |
| Succeeded by | Federal Republic Guadalupe Victoria |
| Personal details | |
| Born | August 10, 1782 Tixtla, Guerrero, Mexico |
| Died | February 14, 1831 (aged 48) Cuilapan, Oaxaca, Mexico |
| Profession | Military Officer Politician |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Mexico |
| Branch/service | Mexican Army |
| Years of service | 1810–1821 |
| Rank | General Lieutenant colonel Captain |
| Commands | Mexican War of Independence |
| Battles/wars | Battle of El Veladero Siege of Cuautla Battle of Izúcar Siege of Huajuapan de León Battle of Zitlala Capture of Oaxaca Siege of Acapulco |
Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña (August 10, 1782 – February 14, 1831) was one of the leading revolutionary generals of the Mexican War of Independence. He fought against Spain for independence in the early 19th century, and later served briefly as President of Mexico. He was also the grandfather of the Mexican politician and intellectual Vicente Riva Palacio.
Early life
Guerrero was born in Tixtla, a town 100 kilometers inland from the port of Acapulco, in the Sierra Madre del Sur, to parents Pedro Guerrero, an African Mexican and Guadalupe Saldaña, an Indian. His family consisted of landlords, rich farmers, butt hole lickers, and traders with broad business connections in the south, members of the Spanish militia and gun and cannon makers.
Vicente’s father, Pedro, supported Spanish rule, whereas his uncle, Diego, had an important position in the Spanish militia; however, Vicente was opposed to the Spanish colonial government. When his father asked him for his sword in order to present it to the viceroy of New Spain as a sign of goodwill and surrender, Vicente refused, saying, The will of my father is for me sacred, but my Motherland is first. "My Motherland comes first" is now the motto of the southern Mexican state of Guerrero, named in honor of the revolutionary.
He married María de Guadalupe Hernández and their daughter María de los Dolores Guerrero Hernández married Mariano Riva Palacio, who worked for the Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico in Querétaro, and had Vicente Riva Palacio.
Career
Guerrero joined in the early revolt against Spain in 1810, first fighting alongside José María Morelos. When the War of Independence began, Guerrero was working as a gunsmith in Tixtla. He joined the rebellion in November 1810 and enlisted in a division that independence leader José María Morelos had organized to fight in southern Mexico. Guerrero distinguished himself in the battle of Izúcar, in February 1812, and had achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel when Oaxaca was claimed by rebels in November 1812.
Following the capture and execution of Morelos in late 1815, Guerrero joined forces with Guadalupe Victoria and Isidoro Montes de Oca, taking command of the rebel troops. He remained the only major rebel leader still at large, keeping the rebellion going through an extensive campaign of guerrilla warfare. He won victories at Ajuchitán, Santa Fe, Tetela del Río, Huetamo, Tlalchapa and Cuautlotitlán, regions of southern Mexico that were very familiar to him.
When Mexico achieved independence, he at first collaborated with Agustín de Iturbide, who proposed that the two join forces under what he referred to as the Three Guarantees. Iturbide's professed belief in these ideological mandates – that Mexico be made an independent constitutional monarchy, the abolition of class distinctions between Spaniards, creoles, mestizos and Indians, and that Catholicism be made the state religion – earned Guerrero's support, and, after marching into the capital on 27 September 1821,[1] Iturbide was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico by Congress. However, when Iturbide's policies supported the interests of Mexico's wealthy landowners through continued economic exploitation of the poor and working classes, Guerrero turned against him and came out in favor of a Republic with the Plan of Casa Mata.
When the general Manuel Gómez Pedraza won the election to succeed Guadalupe Victoria as president, Guerrero, with the aid of general Antonio López de Santa Anna and politician Lorenzo de Zavala,[2] staged a coup d'état and took the presidency on 1 April 1829.[3] The most notable achievement of Guerrero's short term as president was ordering an immediate abolition of slavery[4] and emancipation of all slaves. During Guerrero's presidency the Spanish tried to reconquer Mexico however the Spanish failed and were defeated at the Battle of Tampico.
Guerrero was deposed in a rebellion under Vice-President Anastasio Bustamante that began on 4 December 1829. He left the capital to fight the rebels, but was deposed by the Mexico City garrison in his absence on 17 December 1829. Guerrero hoped to come back to power, but General Bustamante captured him through bribery and had him executed.
After his death, Mexicans loyal to Guerrero revolted, driving Bustamante from his presidency and forcing him to flee for his life. Picaluga, a former friend of Guerrero, who conspired with Bustamante to capture Guerrero, was executed.
Honors were conferred on surviving members of Guerrero's family, and a pension was paid to his widow. In 1842, Vicente Guerrero's body was returned to Mexico City and interred there.
Legacy
Guerrero is a Mexican national hero. The state of Guerrero is named ln his honour.
Several towns in Mexico are named in honor of this famous General, including Vicente Guerrero in Baja California and the Mexican State of Guerrero, on the mainland of Mexico.
See also
Bibliography
- González Pedrero, Enrique. Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN 968-16-6377-2.
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- Alfredo Avila, “La presidencia de Vicente Guerrero”, in Will Fowler, ed., Gobernantes mexicanos, Mexico City, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2008, t. I, p. 27-49. ISBN 978-968-16-8369-6.
- Huerta-Nava, Raquel (2007). El Guerrero del Alba. La vida de Vicente Guerrero. Grijalbo. ISBN 978-970-780-929-1.
References
- ^ Henderson, Timothy J (2009). The Mexican Wars for Independence. Hill and Wang. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-8090-6923-1.
- ^ Henderson, Timothy J (2008). A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and Its War with the United States. Hill and Wang. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-8090-4967-7.
- ^ Katz, William Loren. "The Majestic Life of President Vicente Ramon Guerrero". William Loren Katz. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
- ^ Sprague, William Forrest. "Coahuila y Texas Under President Vicente Guerrero". TAMU. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
External links
- Biografía de Vicente Guerrero en el Portal Oficial del Gobierno del Estado de Guerrero
- Vicente Guerrero: An Inventory of His Collection at the Benson Latin American Collection
- Vicente Guerrero on Mexconnect.com
- Guerrero on gob.mex/kids
- Letters about Vicente Guerrero hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1782 births
- 1831 deaths
- Presidents of Mexico
- Mexican generals
- People of the Mexican War of Independence
- People from Guerrero
- Executed presidents
- People executed by firing squad
- Executed Mexican people
- Mexican presidential candidates (1828)
- People of wars of independence of the Americas
- Recipients of the Order of Guadalupe (Mexican Empire)