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{{SouthAfrica state}} |
{{SouthAfrica state}} |
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'''Venda''' was a [[bantustan]] in northern [[South Africa]], bordering Zimbabwe and is now part of [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] province. It was founded as a [[homeland]] by the Apartheid Regime for the [[Venda people]], speakers of the [[Venda language]].<ref name="Lahiff">Lahiff, Edward, ''An Apartheid Oasis?: Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods in Venda''. Routledge, 2000, p.55. ISBN 0-7146-5137-0.</ref> |
'''Venda''' was a [[bantustan]] in northern [[South Africa]], bordering Zimbabwe and is now part of [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] province. It was founded as a [[homeland]] by the Apartheid Regime for the [[Venda people]], speakers of the [[Venda language]]. In 1994, Venda was dissolved and it is today known officially as [[Vhembe]]. According to 2011 Census, the speakers of Venda language numbered just over a million (1.1 million) or 2% of South Africa's population.<ref name="Lahiff">Lahiff, Edward, ''An Apartheid Oasis?: Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods in Venda''. Routledge, 2000, p.55. ISBN 0-7146-5137-0.</ref> |
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==History== |
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[[Image:SouthAfricaBantustanVenda.png|left|thumb|130px|Internal borders.<br>Venda in red.]] |
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It was declared [[self-governing]] on 1 February 1973,<ref name="world">[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/South_African_homelands.html Worldstatesman.com] has a chronology of Venda's transition to nominal independence and reintegration into South Africa.</ref> with [[Vendan parliamentary election, 1973|elections]] held later in the year.<ref name=AED/> Further [[Vendan parliamentary election, 1978|elections]] were held in July 1978.<ref name=AED/> The territory was declared independent by the South African government on 13 September 1979 and its residents lost their South African citizenship.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947404,00.html The Birth of a New Non-State], in ''[[Time Magazine]]'', 24 September 1979</ref><ref>"S. Africa Launches 'Independent Black State' of Venda," in ''[[The Washington Post]],'' 13 September 1979.</ref> In common with other [[bantustans]], its independence was not recognized by the international community. |
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Being [[wikt:nominal|nominally]] independent it was possible to set up a casino which was done in the early 1980s, staffed in the main by British workers. |
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It was initially a series of non-contiguous territories in the [[Transvaal Province|Transvaal]], with one main part and one main [[exclave]]. Its capital, formerly at [[Sibasa]], was moved to [[Thohoyandou]] (which included the old Sibasa administrative district) when Venda was declared independent in 1979. Prior to independence it was expanded to form one contiguous territory, with a total land area of 6,807 km².<ref name="Lahiff" /> In the [[Vendan parliamentary election, 1984|1984 elections]] the ruling [[Venda Independence People's Party]] lost to the [[Venda National Party]].<ref name=AED>[http://africanelections.tripod.com/za_homelands.html Elections in South Africa's Apartheid-Era Homelands "Bantustans"] African Elections Database</ref> |
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At independence in 1973, the population of Venda stood at 200 000 people. In 1996 the figure moved to 600 000, the 2001 statistics put Venda speakers at 800 000. The 2011 Statistics revealed that the Venda speakers have jumped to 3.5 million people. The state was cut off from neighboring [[Zimbabwe]] by the Madimbo corridor, patrolled by South African troops, to the north, and from nearby [[Mozambique]] by the [[Kruger National Park]].<ref name="Lahiff" /> |
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The first President of Venda, [[Patrick Mphephu]], was also a chief of the Venda people; he was born and lived in Dzanani. His successor, [[Frank Ravele]], was overthrown in a military coup in 1990, after which the territory was ruled by the Council of National Unity. Venda was re-absorbed into South Africa on 27 April 1994.<ref name="world" /> |
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In 1982, the [[University of Venda]] was established as an institution for higher learning for vha-Venda people.<ref>[http://www.univen.ac.za/history.php University of Venda website], retrieved 28 June 2007.</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 12:00, 20 February 2013
Republic of Venda Riphabuliki ya Venḓa Republiek van Venda | |||||||||
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| 1979–1994 | |||||||||
.svg) Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Motto: "Shumela Venḓa" (Venda) "Always Aspire for Venda" | |||||||||
| Anthem: Pfano na vhuthihi (Venda)a Peace and Togetherness | |||||||||
 Location of Venda in Southern Africa. | |||||||||
| Status | Bantustan (nominal parliamentary democracy) | ||||||||
| Capital | Thohoyandou | ||||||||
| Common languages | Venda English Afrikaans | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1979–1988 | Patrick Mphephu | ||||||||
• 1988–1990 | Frank Ravele | ||||||||
| Head of State | |||||||||
• 1990–1994 | Gabriel Ramushwana | ||||||||
• Jan–Apr 1994 | Tshamano G. Ramabulana | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Nominal independence | 13 September 1979 | ||||||||
• Dissolution | 27 April 1994 | ||||||||
| Currency | South African rand | ||||||||
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| Historical states in present-day South Africa |
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 South Africa portal |
Venda was a bantustan in northern South Africa, bordering Zimbabwe and is now part of Limpopo province. It was founded as a homeland by the Apartheid Regime for the Venda people, speakers of the Venda language. In 1994, Venda was dissolved and it is today known officially as Vhembe. According to 2011 Census, the speakers of Venda language numbered just over a million (1.1 million) or 2% of South Africa's population.[1]
See also
- Heads of State of Venda
- Venda people (Vhavenda), the ethnic group who live mostly in the Limpopo province in South Africa.
Notes and References
- ^ Lahiff, Edward, An Apartheid Oasis?: Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods in Venda. Routledge, 2000, p.55. ISBN 0-7146-5137-0.
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