User:Calthinus/Swadesh List of Nakho-Dagestani languages

 In progress

This swadesh list (with a couple words added to the default set) compares the core vocabularies of representatives of the various branches of the Northeast Caucasian language family. This list includes the ancient languages of Hurrian and Urartian, thought to to be related- thus it uses the name Alarodian (referring to the relatedness of modern Northeast Caucasian languages and those two) interchangeably with Northeast Caucasian and Nakho-Dagestani. Etruscan is also included, as some scholars believe it is related, due to certain sound correspondences and shared vocabulary (I might note words such as methlam grouping of people by region and Chechen mexk nation and thi Etruscan water to xi Chechen water).

If more than one line of text appear in a slot, the first is the Latin script (occasionally approximated for languages without a Latin script), the second is the IPA (usually of the Standard dialect), and the third is Cyrillic.

The set of words here includes all those on the Swadesh list, with some additions as well.

Table

Nakho-Dagestani languages

Word meaning in English	Proto-Alarodian	Alarodian languages)																Rasna (Etruscan)
		Hurro-Urartian branch		Nakh branch		Avar-Andic branch		Dido branch		Lak isolate	Dargin dialect continuum	Macro-Lezgic branch					Khinalugh isolate
		Hurrian (ancient)	Urartian (ancient)	Batsbi	Dzurdzuk	Avar	Andic	Tsez group	Bezhta group		Dargin	Archi	"Samur"-Lezgic
													West Samur	East Samur		South Samur
					Chechen		Andi (Qwannab)	Tsez	Bezhta		Dargwa dialect		Tsakhur	Caucasian Albanian	Lezgi group	Budukh
														Udi	Lezgi
"I" aɪ		iš	iš	as; so	so so̞ː со	dun dun дун	din din ден (дин)	di di ди	do до	na na на	nu nu ну	zon zon зон	зы	zu зу	zun zun зун	зын	зы
"thou" [sing. you] ðuː		fe			xho ʜo̞ː хьо	mun mun	min min мен (мин)	mi mi ми	mi mi ми	ina ina ина	хІу	un un ун	гъу	ун, гьун	vun wun вун	вын	вы
"he", "she", "it" hi,ʃi, ɪt		mane			iza, i ɪzɐ, əi иза; и	ʁow, ʁoj, ʁob гъов, гъой, гъоб	ghedew, ghedey, ghedeb гьедев, гьедей, гьедеб	ža ʒa жа	hugi hugi гьуги	ta(ga); va(mu) ta(ga), va(mu) та(га), ва(му)	it it ит	tow (m.), tor (f.), tob (n.) tow, tor, tob тов, тор, тоб	mana, mana, man мана, мана, ман	me, meno, mono ме, мено, моно	am ам	ад, уд, удж	гьу
"we" (neutral) wiː		šattil			txo txo̞ тхо	nizh niʒ ниж	ilhil илІил	žu жу	nusha нуша	nen нен
"we" (exclusive) wiː		šattil			txo txo̞ тхо
we (inclusive) wiː		šattil			vay vaɪ вай
you (plural) juː		fella			šu ʃu шу							žven ʒʷen жвен
"they" ðeɪ		manella			üš yʃ yьш
"this" ðɪs					hara hɑɾɐ хIара
"that" ðæʔt					djaranig dʢɑːɾənɪg дIараниг
here hiɚɹ					quzaxh qʊzɑʜ
there ðɛɚɹ					dja dʢɑ
who					mila
what					hun hʊn
where					maca mɑtsɐ
when					miçaxh, stenig mɪtʃɑʜ, stjenɪg
how					mouxa moʊxɐ
not					ca tsɑ
all					derrig, massuo de̞rɪg, mɑssuo
many					duqa dʊqɐ
some
few					khezzig k'ezzɪg
other					qin, vuož qɪn, vwoʒ
one		šukko, šuki	šu	tsʜɑ	cxha' tsʜɑʔ цхьaъ	tso tso цo	себ	sis	hõs	tsa(va) (	ца tsa		sa	sa	sad			θu
two		šini			ši' ʃɪʔ шіъ													zal
three		kike		qo qʰo	qo’ qʰo̞ʔ кхоӀ													ci ki
four		tumni		ħiwʔ	di' dɪʔ диӀ													huθ
five		nariya			pxi’ pxɪʔ													maχ
six		šeše			yalx jɑlx													śa ʃa
seven		šinti			vorh vɔːr̥													semφ
eight		kiri			barh bɑːr̥													cezp kesp
nine		tamri			iss ɪsː													nurφ
ten		ēmani			it ɪt													śar ʃar
eleven					cxhaitta tsʜaɪttɐ
twenty					tqha tqʼɑ
hundred					bje bʢɛː
thousand					ezar jezɑr
big
long
wide
thick
heavy
small
short
narrow
thin
woman
man (male)
man (human)
child
wife
husband
mother
father
animal
fish
bird
dog
louse
snake
worm
tree
forest
stick
fruit
seed
leaf
root
bark (of a tree)
flower
grass
rope
skin
meat
blood
bone
fat (noun)
egg
horn
tail
feather
hair
head
ear
eye
nose
mouth
tooth
tongue
fingernail
foot
leg
knee
hand
wing
belly
guts
neck
back
breast
heart
liver
to drink
to eat
to bite
to suck
to spit
to vomit
to blow
to breathe
to laugh
to see
to hear
to know
to think
to smell
to fear
to sleep
to live
to die
to kill
to fight
to hunt
to hit
to cut
to split
to stab
to scratch
to dig
to swim
to fly
to walk
to come
to lie (as in a bed)
to sit
to stand
to turn (intransitive)
to fall
to give
to hold
to squeeze
to rub
to wash
to wipe
to pull
to push
to throw
to tie
to sew
to count
to say
to sing
to play
to float
to flow
to freeze
to swell
sun
moon
star
water
rain
river
lake
sea
salt
stone
sand
dust
earth
cloud
fog
sky
wind
snow
ice
smoke
fire
ash
to burn
road
mountain
red
green
yellow
white
black
night
day
year
warm
cold
full
new
old
good
bad
rotten
dirty
straight
round
sharp
dull
smooth
wet
dry
correct
near
far
right
left
at
in
with
and
if
because
name

Sources

• http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/ids/