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List of Olympic medalists in baseball

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A dark-skinned man in a black baseball cap and black leather jacket holding up both his hands with his index fingers extended. He is holding a cigar in his right hand.
Orlando Hernández won gold with the Cuban team in the 1992 Summer Olympics, baseball's first appearance as an Olympic medal sport.

Baseball is a sport formerly contested at the Summer Olympic Games. It was originally played as a demonstration sport in seven Olympics—1912, 1936, 1952, 1956, 1964, 1984, and 1988[1]— more than for any other sport in Olympic history.[2] These exhibitions featured a single game at the first five Olympic appearances and then a tournament format in 1984 and 1988.[1] The International Olympic Committee (IOC) granted baseball official status on October 13, 1986, for the 1992 Summer Olympics.[1][3][4] The sport was contested at each subsequent Games through 2008, after which the IOC removed it from the roster of Olympic sports.

In 1992, the first official Olympic baseball tournament was won by the Cuban team. Cuba had boycotted the 1984 and 1988 Olympics, missing the previous exhibition baseball tournaments, but entered in 1992 as the favorite, having won the past 12 world championships and with a 62–1 record in international competitions since 1986.[5] The Cubans went undefeated in the 1992 Olympics and trailed in only one game.[5] They went undefeated again at the 1996 Olympics en route to a second consecutive gold medal.[6] The United States won their first medal (bronze) in the 1996 Olympics and then won gold at the 2000 Summer Olympics. 2000 was the first Olympics in which Cuba lost a game: first to the Dutch team in round-robin play and then again to the Americans in the gold medal game.[7] This was also the first time professional players were allowed to compete in baseball, though Major League Baseball (MLB) did not permit any player on the 40-man roster of an MLB team to compete.[8] In 2004, the reigning gold medalist United States did not qualify for the Olympic tournament, while the Cuban team won its third gold medal.[9]

In 2005, the IOC investigated the addition of sports to the Olympic schedule including golf, rugby sevens, and karate.[2] The IOC voted on July 8, 2005, to remove baseball and softball from the 2012 Summer Olympics roster, the first sports removed from the Olympics since polo in 1936.[8] A variety of factors were cited for removing baseball including the absence of MLB players, problems with performance-enhancing drugs, and the high cost of constructing a baseball stadium.[2][8][10] Appeals to reinstate both sports for 2012 were rejected.[11] Baseball was still played at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, however, and the South Korean team beat Cuba to claim their first gold medal in the event. The international governing bodies of several sports, including baseball, petitioned the IOC in 2009 to fill two sport slots at the 2016 Olympics.[12] IOC President Jacques Rogge said they were "looking for an added value – wide appeal, especially for young people."[12] The IOC ultimately voted to fill the two available slots for 2016 with rugby and golf.[13][14] However, the IOC ultimately approved the return of baseball and softball to the Olympic program for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo in 2016.[15]

Baseball was open only to male amateurs in 1992 and 1996. As a result, the Americans and other nations where professional baseball is developed relied on collegiate players, while Cubans used their most experienced veterans, who technically were considered amateurs as they nominally held other jobs, but in fact trained full-time. In 2000, pros were admitted, but MLB refused to release its players in 2000, 2004, and 2008, and the situation changed only a little: the Cubans still used their best players, while the Americans started using minor leaguers. The IOC cited the absence of the best players as the main reason for baseball being dropped from the Olympic program.[16][17][18][19]

Cuba has been the most successful team, winning the most gold and silver medals and never finishing outside the podium. Cuban pitcher Pedro Luis Lazo is the most successful individual athlete, winning four medals—two gold and two silver—from 1996 to 2008.[20] No American ever appeared in the Olympics more than once.[16] Nine other Cuban players won three medals; no player from any other nation accomplished this feat.[21] From the 25 athletes who won two medals in baseball, 18 were Cuban, while the remaining seven included 4 South Korean and 3 Japanese players.[21]

Medal winners

[edit]
A man in a blue batting helmet with a "C" on it, blue baseball jersey, white pinstriped pants, and a shin-guard on his right shin stands at home plate holding a baseball bat in a left-handed batting stance with his right foot lifted off of the ground.
Japanese player Kosuke Fukudome won silver in 1996 and bronze in 2004, one of seven non-Cuban players to win multiple medals in baseball.
A man in a white baseball jersey with "KOREA" on the chest in blue and "17" on his leg in orange pitches a baseball from the pitcher's mound with his left hand. He is wearing a black baseball glove on his right hand.
Kim Kwang-Hyun won gold with South Korea in 2008, Korea's second medal finish in baseball.
Event Gold Silver Bronze
1992 Barcelona
details
 Cuba (CUB)[22]
Omar Ajete
Rolando Arrojo
José Raúl Delgado Diez
Giorge Diaz Loren
Osvaldo Fernández
José Estrada González
Lourdes Gourriel
Orlando Hernández
Alberto Hernández
Orestes Kindelán
Omar Linares
Germán Mesa
Víctor Mesa
Antonio Pacheco
Juan Padilla
Luis Ulacia
Ermidelio Urrutia
Jorge Luis Valdés
Lázaro Vargas
 Chinese Taipei (TPE)[23]
Chang Cheng-Hsien
Chang Wen-Chung
Chang Yaw-Teing
Chen Chi-Hsin
Chen Wei-Chen
Chiang Tai-Chuan
Huang Chung-Yi
Huang Wen-Po
Jong Yeu-Jeng
Ku Kuo-Chian
Kuo Lee Chien-Fu
Liao Ming-Hsiung
Lin Chao-Huang
Lin Kun-Han
Lo Chen-Jung
Lo Kuo-Chong
Pai Kun-Hong
Tsai Ming-Hung
Wang Kuang-Shih
Wu Shih-Hsih
 Japan (JPN)[24]
Tomohito Ito
Shinichiro Kawabata
Masahito Kohiyama
Hirotami Kojima
Hiroki Kokubo
Takashi Miwa
Hiroshi Nakamoto
Masafumi Nishi
Kazutaka Nishiyama
Koichi Oshima
Hiroyuki Sakaguchi
Shinichi Sato
Yasuhiro Sato
Masanori Sugiura
Kento Sugiyama
Yasunori Takami
Akihiro Togo
Koji Tokunaga
Shigeki Wakabayashi
Katsumi Watanabe
1996 Atlanta
details
 Cuba (CUB)[25]
Omar Ajete
Miguel Caldés Luis
José Contreras
Jorge Fumero
José Estrada González
Alberto Hernández
Rey Isaac
Orestes Kindelán
Pedro Luis Lazo
Omar Linares
Omar Luis
Juan Manrique
Eliecer Montes de Oca
Antonio Pacheco
Juan Padilla
Eduardo Paret
Ormari Romero
Antonio Scull
Luis Ulacia
Lázaro Vargas
 Japan (JPN)[26]
Kosuke Fukudome
Tadahito Iguchi
Makoto Imaoka
Takeo Kawamura
Jutaro Kimura
Takashi Kurosu
Takao Kuwamoto
Nobuhiko Matsunaka
Koichi Misawa
Masahiko Mori
Masao Morinaka
Daishin Nakamura
Masahiro Nojima
Hideaki Okubo
Hitoshi Ono
Yasuyuki Saigo
Tomoaki Sato
Masanori Sugiura
Takayuki Takabayashi
Yoshitomo Tani
 United States (USA)[27]
Chad Allen
Kris Benson
R. A. Dickey
Troy Glaus
Chad Green
Seth Greisinger
Kip Harkrider
A. J. Hinch
Jacque Jones
Billy Koch
Mark Kotsay
Matt Lecroy
Travis Lee
Braden Looper
Brian Loyd
Warren Morris
Augie Ojeda
Jim Parque
Jeff Weaver
Jason Williams
2000 Sydney
details
 United States (USA)[28]
Brent Abernathy
Kurt Ainsworth
Pat Borders
Sean Burroughs
John Cotton
Travis Dawkins
Adam Everett
Ryan Franklin
Chris George
Shane Heams
Marcus Jensen
Mike Kinkade
Rick Krivda
Doug Mientkiewicz
Mike Neill
Roy Oswalt
Jon Rauch
Anthony Sanders
Bobby Seay
Ben Sheets
Brad Wilkerson
Todd Williams
Ernie Young
Tim Young
 Cuba (CUB)[29]
Omar Ajete
Yovany Aragon
Miguel Caldés
Danel Castro
José Contreras
Yobal Dueñas
Yasser Gómez
José Ibar
Orestes Kindelán
Pedro Luis Lazo
Omar Linares
Oscar Macías
Juan Manrique
Javier Méndez
Rolando Meriño
Germán Mesa
Antonio Pacheco
Ariel Pestano
Gabriel Pierre
Maels Rodríguez
Antonio Scull
Luis Ulacia
Lázaro Valle
Norge Luis Vera
 South Korea (KOR)[30]
Chong Tae-Hyon
Chung Min-Tae
Chung Soo-Keun
Hong Sung-Heon
Jang Sung-Ho
Jin Pil-jung
Kim Dong-Joo
Kim Han-Soo
Kim Ki-Tae
Kim Soo-Kyung
Kim Tae-gyun
Koo Dae-Sung
Lee Byung-Kyu
Lee Seung-Ho
Lee Seung-Yeop
Lim Chang-Yong
Lim Sun-Dong
Park Jae-Hong
Park Jin-Man
Park Jong-Ho
Park Kyung-Oan
Park Seok-Jin
Son Min-Han
Song Jin-Woo
2004 Athens
details
 Cuba (CUB)[31]
Danny Betancourt
Luis Borroto
Frederich Cepeda
Yorelvis Charles
Michel Enríquez
Norberto González
Yuli Gurriel
Pedro Luis Lazo
Roger Machado
Jonder Martínez
Frank Montieth
Vicyohandri Odelín
Adiel Palma
Eduardo Paret
Ariel Pestano
Alexei Ramírez
Eriel Sánchez
Antonio Scull
Carlos Tabares
Yoandry Urgellés
Osmani Urrutia
Manuel Vega
Norge Luis Vera
 Australia (AUS)[32]
Craig Anderson
Thomas Brice
Adrian Burnside
Gavin Fingleson
Paul Gonzalez
Nick Kimpton
Brendan Kingman
Craig Lewis
Graeme Lloyd
Dave Nilsson
Trent Oeltjen
Wayne Ough
Chris Oxspring
Brett Roneberg
Ryan Rowland-Smith
John Stephens
Phil Stockman
Brett Tamburrino
Richard Thompson
Andrew Utting
Rodney Van Buizen
Ben Wigmore
Glenn Williams
Jeff Williams
 Japan (JPN)[33]
Ryoji Aikawa
Yuya Ando
Atsushi Fujimoto
Kosuke Fukudome
Hirotoshi Ishii
Hisashi Iwakuma
Hitoki Iwase
Kenji Johjima
Makoto Kaneko
Takuya Kimura
Masahide Kobayashi
Hiroki Kuroda
Daisuke Matsuzaka
Daisuke Miura
Shinya Miyamoto
Arihito Muramatsu
Norihiro Nakamura
Michihiro Ogasawara
Naoyuki Shimizu
Yoshinobu Takahashi
Yoshitomo Tani
Koji Uehara
Kazuhiro Wada
Tsuyoshi Wada
2008 Beijing
details
 South Korea (KOR)[34]
Bong Jung-Keun
Chong Tae-hyon
Han Ki-joo
Jang Won-sam
Jeong Keun-woo
Jin Kab-yong
Kang Min-ho
Kim Dong-joo
Kim Hyun-Soo
Kim Kwang-hyun
Park Jin-man
Kim Min-jae
Ko Young-min
Kwon Hyuk
Lee Dae-Ho
Lee Jin-young
Lee Jong-Wook
Lee Seung-yeop
Lee Taek-keun
Lee Yong-kyu
Oh Seung-hwan
Ryu Hyun-Jin
Song Seung-jun
Yoon Suk-min
 Cuba (CUB)[35]
Alexei Bell
Frederich Cepeda
Alfredo Despaigne
Giorvis Duvergel
Michel Enríquez
Norberto González
Yulieski Gourriel
Miguel Lahera
Pedro Luis Lazo
Jonder Martínez
Alexander Mayeta
Rolando Meriño
Luis Navas
Héctor Olivera
Vicyohandri Odelín
Adiel Palma
Eduardo Paret
Yadier Pedroso
Ariel Pestano
Luis Rodríguez
Elier Sánchez
Eriel Sánchez
Yoandry Urgellés
Norge Luis Vera
 United States (USA)[36]
Brett Anderson
Jake Arrieta
Brian Barden
Matt Brown
Trevor Cahill
Jeremy Cummings
Jason Donald
Brian Duensing
Dexter Fowler
John Gall
Mike Hessman
Kevin Jepsen
Brandon Knight
Michael Koplove
Matt LaPorta
Lou Marson
Blaine Neal
Jayson Nix
Nate Schierholtz
Jeff Stevens
Stephen Strasburg
Taylor Teagarden
Terry Tiffee
Casey Weathers
2012–2016 Not included in the Olympic program
2020 Tokyo
details
 Japan (JPN)
Kōyō Aoyagi
Suguru Iwazaki
Masato Morishita
Hiromi Itoh
Yoshinobu Yamamoto
Masahiro Tanaka
Yasuaki Yamasaki
Ryoji Kuribayashi
Yūdai Ōno
Kodai Senga
Kaima Taira
Ryutaro Umeno
Takuya Kai
Tetsuto Yamada
Sōsuke Genda
Hideto Asamura
Ryosuke Kikuchi
Hayato Sakamoto
Munetaka Murakami
Kensuke Kondo
Yuki Yanagita
Ryoya Kurihara
Masataka Yoshida
Seiya Suzuki
 United States (USA)
Shane Baz
Anthony Carter
Brandon Dickson
Anthony Gose
Edwin Jackson
Scott Kazmir
Nick Martinez
Scott McGough
David Robertson
Joe Ryan
Ryder Ryan
Simeon Woods Richardson
Tim Federowicz
Mark Kolozsvary
Nick Allen
Eddy Alvarez
Triston Casas
Todd Frazier
Jamie Westbrook
Tyler Austin
Eric Filia
Patrick Kivlehan
Jack López
Bubba Starling
 Dominican Republic (DOM)
Darío Álvarez
Gabriel Arias
Jairo Asencio
Luis Felipe Castillo
Jumbo Díaz
Junior García
Jhan Mariñez
Cristopher Mercedes
Denyi Reyes
Ramón Rosso
Ángel Sánchez
Raúl Valdés
Roldani Baldwin
Charlie Valerio
José Bautista
Juan Francisco
Jeison Guzmán
Erick Mejia
Gustavo Núñez
Emilio Bonifácio
Melky Cabrera
Johan Mieses
Yefri Pérez
Julio Rodríguez
2024 Not included in the Olympic program
2028 Los Angeles
details

Athlete medal leaders

[edit]

Athletes who won at least two gold medals or three total medals are listed below.[21]

Athlete Nation Olympics Total Gold Silver Bronze
Pedro Luis Lazo  Cuba (CUB) 1996–2008 4 2 2 0
Omar Ajete  Cuba (CUB) 1992–2000 3 2 1 0
Orestes Kindelán  Cuba (CUB) 1992–2000 3 2 1 0
Omar Linares  Cuba (CUB) 1992–2000 3 2 1 0
Antonio Pacheco  Cuba (CUB) 1992–2000 3 2 1 0
Eduardo Paret  Cuba (CUB) 1996
2004–2008
3 2 1 0
Antonio Scull  Cuba (CUB) 1996
2004–2008
3 2 1 0
Luis Ulacia  Cuba (CUB) 1992–2000 3 2 1 0
Ariel Pestano  Cuba (CUB) 2000–2008 3 1 2 0
Norge Luis Vera  Cuba (CUB) 2000–2008 3 1 2 0
José Estrada González  Cuba (CUB) 1992–1996 2 2 0 0
Alberto Hernández  Cuba (CUB) 1992–1996 2 2 0 0
Juan Padilla  Cuba (CUB) 1992–1996 2 2 0 0
Lázaro Vargas  Cuba (CUB) 1992–1996 2 2 0 0

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
General
  • "Results database". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  • "Olympic medals won in Baseball: Baseball". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  • "Olympic Review and Revue Olympique". LA84 Foundation. Archived from the original on May 1, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
Specific
  1. ^ a b c "Olympic Baseball History". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 9, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  2. ^ a b c Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Baseball at the 2008 Beijing Summer Games: Men's Baseball". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  3. ^ "Olympics". The Washington Post. October 14, 1986.
  4. ^ Gooderham, Mary (October 14, 1986). "Baseball approved for '92 Olympics". The Globe and Mail.
  5. ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Baseball at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Games: Men's Baseball". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  6. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Baseball at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games: Men's Baseball". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  7. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Baseball at the 2000 Sydney Summer Games: Men's Baseball". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  8. ^ a b c "They'rrre out! Olympics drop baseball, softball". NBC Sports. Associated Press. 9 July 2005. Archived from the original on 3 May 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
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  13. ^ Newman, Mark (August 23, 2008). "IOC: MLB players needed for 2016 bid". MLB.com. Major League Baseball. Archived from the original on August 15, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
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  15. ^ "Baseball, softball to return to Olympics in 2020". Los Angeles Times. August 2016. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  16. ^ a b Gems, Gerald; Borish, Linda; Pfister, Gertrud (27 February 2017). Sports in American History, 2E: From Colonization to Globalization. ISBN 9781492526520.
  17. ^ Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad (PDF). Vol. 2: Celebrating the Games. Canberra, Australia: Paragon Printers Australasia. pp. 176–9. ISBN 0-9579616-0-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2009. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
  18. ^ "The Olympic Team No Dream". CBS News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  19. ^ OlympicTalk (January 8, 2021). "Tommy Lasorda, only manager of World Series, Olympic champions, dies at 93 - OlympicTalk | NBC Sports". Olympics.nbcsports.com. Archived from the original on April 2, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2024.
  20. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Pedro Luis Lazo Biography and Olympic Results". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  21. ^ a b c Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Baseball". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
  22. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Cuba Baseball at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  23. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Chinese Taipei Baseball at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  24. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Japan Baseball at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  25. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Cuba Baseball at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  26. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Japan Baseball at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  27. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "United States Baseball at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  28. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "United States Baseball at the 2000 Sydney Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  29. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Cuba Baseball at the 2000 Sydney Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  30. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "South Korea Baseball at the 2000 Sydney Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  31. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Cuba Baseball at the 2004 Athina Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  32. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Australia Baseball at the 2004 Athina Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  33. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Japan Baseball at the 2004 Athina Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  34. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "South Korea Baseball at the 2008 Beijing Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  35. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Cuba Baseball at the 2008 Beijing Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  36. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "United States Baseball at the 2008 Beijing Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2010.