User:SUNDAIYANG/Architecture of China
China has a vast land and abundant resources since ancient times, and the art of architecture has a long history. There are differences in architectural art styles in different regions, but the group layout, space, structure, building materials and decorative arts of traditional buildings have common characteristics, which are different from the West and enjoy a global reputation. There are many types of ancient Chinese architecture, including palaces, altars, temples, pagodas, dwellings and garden buildings.
Architectural features
[edit]Tradition is the identity and consensus of a nation or region in terms of reason and sentiment, and belongs to the category of culture. Tradition refers to cultural traditions. The overall form of traditional culture determines the basic form of traditional architecture. Traditional architecture also reflects the form of traditional culture from a certain angle. The two are inseparable. Therefore, tradition is characterized by national and local colors. Chinese traditional architecture is the most wonderful and intuitive inheritance carrier and expression form of China's long-standing traditional culture and national characteristics.[1]
Big roof
[edit]
In addition to the body part of a house, the roof is also a very important part. Like the walls around the house, it resists the attack of wind, rain, ice and snow from above. Since the roof is made of wood except the top tile, the rest of the roof is made of wood, so its volume is relatively large. The roof has become an image feature of ancient Chinese architecture.[2]
Vivid
[edit]It is reflected in the raised eaves at the four corners, or fluttering, or standing upright, making the building (including towers and buildings) feel relaxed and solidified. If "atmosphere" arises from reason, then "anger" arises from emotion. The stronger the love, the stronger the artistry. The artistry of traditional Chinese architectural modeling is unmatched by any other nation. The artistry of traditional western architecture is not in the building itself, but in the sculpture or painting attached to it—the ornamental art, which cannot bring vitality to the building itself.
Magnificent
[edit]Reflected in the use of glazed materials. It's long-lived, brightly colored, dazzling in the sun, and regal in every setting. Its higher cost symbolizes wealth and status.
Building Type
[edit]Chinese architecture is a major classification in the history of world architecture, with bucket arches and eaves as the biggest features.
Dougong
[edit]
In traditional ancient buildings, the eaves protruding from the roof should be picked out between the pillars and the beams. There is a need for a component to support the fangs and rafters under the eaves. The ancient craftsmen used short wood to stick out from the columns and beams, and the arches supported the buckets, and the buckets supported the arches. element.[3]
The edge of the front and rear slopes of the house is commonly known as tile eaves[4], a folk saying (overhanging eaves)。
Building faction
[edit]The division of Han traditional architecture schools is based on the fact that the original residents have formed different styles of houses according to the local customs and customs for a long time. The most considered elements are the local precipitation, sunshine and other climatic conditions. According to this style and usage, the traditional Han buildings can be divided into the following categories.
Hakka dwellings
[edit]
Hakka dwellings are more particular about architecture. Determine the orientation and orientation of the residence, and finally choose the auspicious day. The structure of the house is divided into front and rear buildings, with a patio in the middle, a main hall on the central axis, and the rest are called side halls or horizontal halls. There is usually a large field in front of the gate, called "Heping", for drying things.[5]
Southern dwellings
[edit]The architectural styles of southern dwellings include "Three Wonders" (residential houses, ancestral halls, archways) and "Three Carvings[6]" (wood carving, stone carving, brick carving). Hui-style architecture is obviously an ancient architectural style popular around Anhui. Blue tiles and white walls are prominent impressions of Huizhou architecture. The well-proportioned horse head wall not only has the beauty of shape, but more importantly, it has the practical function of preventing fire and blocking the spread of fire.[7]
Southern Fujian traditional dwellings
[edit]The traditional dwellings in southern Fujian, represented by red brick houses, generally take the courtyard style as the basic structure, and there are mainly two forms of triple courtyard and quadrangle courtyard. Whether it is the main building or the additional auxiliary buildings such as dragon guards, they all take the hall of the large house as the central axis, and organize the space with the hall as the center.[8]
Cantonese houses
[edit]
Distributed in the Greater Pearl River Delta and western Guangdong, they are mostly made of blue bricks, stone pillars and slate, and the outer walls have flower and bird patterns. Because the gable is shaped like a wok ear, it is called "Wok Ear House[9]”.
Northern dwellings
[edit]Quadrangle[10] is the most typical. Quadrangle is a traditional residence in Beijing and even North China. Beijing Quadrangle is famous because it is a residential building, but it contains profound cultural connotations and is the carrier of Chinese traditional culture.[11]
Jin style dwellings
[edit]Jinpai is just a general term, not only referring to Shanxi area, but also Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai, but among these areas, Shanxi area has a more mature architectural style. Jin style architecture can be roughly divided into two categories: one is urban architecture in Shanxi, which is Jin style architecture in a narrow sense; the other is cave dwelling architecture in northern Shaanxi and its surrounding areas, which is also the most widely distributed architecture in northwest China style.[12]
Art appreciation
[edit]Chinese architecture has a long historical tradition and glorious achievements. The Great Wall of China is a miracle in the history of human architecture; the existing wooden pagoda of Fogong Temple in Yingxian County, Shanxi Province is the tallest existing wooden structure building in the world; the Forbidden City of the Ming and Qing dynasties in Beijing is the largest existing and preserved in the world. Complete large-scale complex. Ancient Chinese architectural art is also an important object of art appreciation. The characteristics of ancient Chinese architectural art are multifaceted.The different characteristics of Chinese architecture are the historical reproduction of different dynasties.[13]
Representative buildings in China
[edit]The Great Wall
[edit]The Great Wall; as one of the "eight wonders" of the world, the Great Wall is one of the greatest buildings in the hearts of every Chinese[14]
Forbidden City
[edit]The Forbidden City, also known as the Forbidden City, is located on the central axis of the old Beijing city and was the imperial family of the Ming and Qing dynasties. It covers an area of 720,000 square meters and has a construction area of about 150,000 square meters. There are more than 9,000 palaces in total. It is the largest palace in the world and the largest and most complete ancient building complex in China.[15]
Potala Palace
[edit]
The Potala Palace is located on the Maburi Mountain in the northwest of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. After being rebuilt in the 17th century, it has become the residence of the winter palace of the Dalai Lamas of all dynasties, and it is the ruling center of the unity of politics and religion in Tibet. In 1961, the Potala Palace became one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. In 1994, the Potala Palace was listed as a World Heritage Site. The main building of the Potala Palace is the White House and the Red Palace. The whole palace has Tibetan style, more than 200 meters high, with 13 floors in appearance, but only 9 floors in reality. Because it was built on the mountainside, the large area of stone walls stands like cliffs, making the building seem to be integrated with the hills and majestic.[16]
Oriental Pearl TV Tower
[edit]
The Oriental Pearl TV Tower, referred to as "Oriental Pearl[17]", is located at No. 1 Century Avenue, Lujiazui, Pudong New Area, Shanghai. It is located on the bank of the Huangpu River. Construction started on October 30, and it was completed and put into use on October 1, 1994. It is a landmark building in Shanghai that integrates urban sightseeing, fashion catering, shopping and entertainment, historical exhibitions, Pujiang tours, exhibition performances, and radio and television transmission. one. As of 2019, it is the sixth tallest tower in Asia and the ninth tallest tower in the world[18]
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{{cite web}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "翁源新江有一片古代锅耳楼，还有一段特别显赫的历史！" [There is an ancient in Wok Ear House Wengyuan Xinjiang, and there is a particularly prominent history!].
- ^ WANG, HANPING (2021-03-25). "四合院之美，中国独有". Retrieved 2022-11-14.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 李, 秋香; 罗, 德胤; 贾, 珺 (2010). 北方民居 (in Chinese). 清华大学出版社. ISBN 9787302223030.
- ^ "盘点六大中式特色民居古建——晋派建筑" [Inventory of six ancient buildings with Chinese characteristics - Jin style architecture]. 腾讯网.
- ^ WANG, GENG (2021-10-30). "中国建筑" [Chinese architecture]. 光明网. Retrieved 2022-11-14.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ YANG, XIOAKUN (2022-05-23). "万里长城——中华民族的象征，世界七大奇迹之一" [The Great Wall]. 百度知道. Retrieved 2022-11-14.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ YI, MING (2022-08-14). "北京故宫" [The Forbidden City]. 智慧百科. Retrieved 2022-11-14.
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