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Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

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Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
ARK
AHRQ Logo
Agency overview
Formed1989; 35 years ago (1989)
Preceding agencies
  • National Center for Health Services Research and Development (1968–1973)
  • Bureau of Health Services Research (1973–1975)
  • National Center for Health Services Research (1975–1985)
  • National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment (1985–1989)
  • Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (1989–1999)
JurisdictionFederal government of the United States
Headquarters5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland
Employees1,996
Annual budgetUS$10.5 billion (2016)
Agency executives
Parent departmentUnited States Department of Health and Human Services
Parent agencyUnited States Public Health Service
Websitewww.ahrq.gov

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality[1] (AHRQ; pronounced "ark" by initiates and often "A-H-R-Q" by the public) is one of twelve agencies within the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).[2] The agency is headquartered in North Bethesda, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C. (with a Rockville mailing address). It was established as the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) in 1989 as a constituent unit of the Public Health Service (PHS) to enhance the quality, appropriateness, and effectiveness of health care services and access to care by conducting and supporting research, demonstration projects, and evaluations; developing guidelines; and disseminating information on health care services and delivery systems.

History

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AHRQ's earliest predecessor was the National Center for Health Services Research and Development, established in 1968 within the PHS Health Services and Mental Health Administration (HSMHA) during the 1966–1973 PHS reorganizations.[3] It was established largely through the efforts of members of the NIH Division of Research Grants Health Services Study Section.[4] The new center quickly absorbed the PHS Division of Chronic Diseases,[4][5] which dated back to 1949,[6] in order to access the latter's larger budget.[4]

When HSMHA was split up in 1973, the center moved into the PHS Health Resources Administration. It was renamed the Bureau of Health Services Research that year, and then the National Center for Health Services Research in 1975. In 1978 it was transferred to the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health. In 1985 it was renamed the National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment.[3]

In 1989, the agency became its own operating agency within PHS, and was renamed Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR)[3] by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 (103 Stat. 2159).

However, AHCPR became controversial when it produced several guidelines that some thought would reduce medical drugs and procedures. This included concern from ophthalmologists on a cataract guideline and concern by the pharmaceutical industry over a reduction in the use of new drugs. When the agency produced a guideline that concluded that back pain surgery was unnecessary and potentially harmful, a lobbying campaign aided by Congressmen whose backs had been operated on changed the name of the agency and scaled back the guidelines program, which existed as the National Guideline Clearinghouse.[7] until it was defunded in 2018.

AHCPR was reauthorized December 6, 1999, as the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) under the Healthcare Research and Quality Act of 1999,[2] which amended Title IX of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 299 et seq).

Funding

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AHRQ headquarters at 5600 Fishers Lane in Rockville, Maryland

The 2015 budget for AHRQ was US$440 million,[8] $24 million less than FY 2014. The budget includes $334 million in Public Health Service (PHS) Evaluation Funds, a decrease of $30 million from FY 2014, and $106 million from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Trust Fund, an increase of $13 million above FY 2014.

The FY 2015 budget is intended to ensure the Agency continues its progress on health services research to improve outcomes, affordability, and quality. The budget also supports the collection of information on health care spending and use through the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).

In July 2018, the National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) and the National Quality Measures Clearinghouse (NQMC),[9] two longtime online resources from the AHRQ, were shut down because federal funding ceased to be available to them.[10][11][12][13] Other stakeholders were exploring options for hosting the NGC [14]]; should that happen, it will return to the web.

Leadership

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Carolyn Clancy was the director from 2002 to 2014. Richard Kronick was director from 2013 to March 2016. Sharon Arnold was acting director from February to April 2016, replacing Richard Kronick in February 2016. Andrew Bindman was the director of AHRQ from April 2016 until January 2017. Prior to joining AHRQ, Bindman served as faculty of UCSF School of Medicine.[15] Gopal Khanna was appointed as Agency director on May 9, 2017, and resigned on January 11, 2021, in response to the January 6 Capitol riot.[16] Following Khanna's resignation, deputy director David Meyers served as acting director from 2021 to 2022.[17] Robert Otto Valdez was appointed director on February 27, 2022.[18]

Portrait Director Term started Term ended
Gopal Khanna May 9, 2017 January 11, 2021
David Meyers (acting) January 2021 February 2022
Robert Otto Valdez February 27, 2022 Present

Divisions

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The Agency has multiple offices and centers including the Center for Evidence and Practice Improvement (CEPI), the Center for Financing, Access and Trends, the Center for Delivery, Organization and Markets, the Center for Quality and Patient Safety, the Office of Management Services, the Office of Extramural Research and Priority Populations, and the Office of Communications. The Office of Communications was previously known as the Office of Communications and Knowledge Transfer.[19]

Within CEPI, the Evidence-Based Practice Centers[20] (EPCs) develop evidence reports and technology assessments on topics relevant to clinical and other health care organization and delivery issues—specifically those that are common, expensive, and/or significant for the Medicare and Medicaid populations. With this program, AHRQ serves as a "science partner" with private and public organizations in their efforts to improve the quality, effectiveness, and appropriateness of health care by synthesizing the evidence and facilitating the translation of evidence-based research findings. Topics are nominated by Federal and non-Federal partners such as professional societies, health plans, insurers, employers, and patient groups.[21]

References

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  1. ^ "Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality home page". United States Department of Health and Human Services.
  2. ^ a b "Healthcare Research and Quality Act of 1999". Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. United States Department of Health and Human Services.
  3. ^ a b c "Records of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research". National Archives. 2016-08-15. Retrieved 2020-08-29.
  4. ^ a b c "History of Health Services Research ProjectInterview with Kerr White". U.S. National Library of Medicine. 1998-03-12. Retrieved 2024-11-11.
  5. ^ 33 FR 9909
  6. ^ "Records of the Public Health Service [PHS], 1912-1968". National Archives. 2016-08-15. Sections 90.7, 90.8. Retrieved 2020-08-28.
  7. ^ Avorn J. Powerful Medicines: The Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs, pp. 277–288. Random House.
  8. ^ 2015 Department of Health and Human Services Budget-in-Brief Archived 2014-07-23 at the Wayback Machine, pg 10, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Accessed 2015-07-14
  9. ^ "National Quality Measures Clearinghouse (NQMC)". Ahrq.gov. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  10. ^ "AHRQ: National Guideline Clearinghouse to Shut Down July 16". Aafp.org. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  11. ^ "HHS eliminates 20 years of evidence-based medical guidelines". Healthcareitnews.com. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  12. ^ "Federal clinical guidance database to shut down because of funding cuts". Healthdatamanagement.com. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  13. ^ "HIT programs at risk as AHRQ faces elimination". Healthdatamanagement.com. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  14. ^ "AHRQ Shutters Guideline Site, But ECRI to Carry the Torch". Medpagetoday.com. 20 July 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  15. ^ "Andrew Bindman, MD | Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies". Archived from the original on 2016-06-30. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
  16. ^ Schneider, James (12 January 2021). "AHRQ director Gopal Khanna resigns in response to Capitol riot". Fyne Fettle. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  17. ^ "David Meyers, M.D. Bio". www.ahrq.gov. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  18. ^ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [@AHRQNews] (February 27, 2022). "Bob Valdez, Ph.D., has been appointed as #AHRQ's Director effective today" (Tweet). Retrieved 2022-02-28 – via Twitter.
  19. ^ "Statement of Organization, Functions, and Delegations of Authority". federalregister.gov. 15 April 2016.
  20. ^ "About Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPCs) | AHRQ Effective Health Care Program". Archived from the original on 2016-05-23. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
  21. ^ "Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPC) Program Overview". Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Retrieved 29 April 2016. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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