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Timeline

[edit]
Further information: Pope John Paul II's relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church


[1]









caesaropapism


  • 1590 (1590) – 1594 (1594): Metropolitanate of Kiev (1458–1596) bishops planned to establish communion with Rome at their synods, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[2]
  • June 1595 (1595-06): All nine Metropolitanate of Kiev (1458–1596) bishops together send a letter to Pope Clement VIII, Vilnius, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[2]
  • 1596 (1596): The Metropolitanate of Kiev (1458–1596) bishops formally entered into ecclesial communion with the Catholic Church in the Union of Brest, Rome, Papal States.[2]




forced conversion to the ROC


  • April 1945 (1945-04): All UGCC bishops, including Archbishop Josyf Slipyj, were arrested, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.[5]




  • March 1946 (1946-03): A convention of priests as Lviv revoked the Union of Brest, Lviv, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

forced conversion of the UGCC to the ROC,


  • December 1949 (1949-12): Holy Office issued Ecclesia catholica, an instruction which stated that "each of the two partners, Catholic and non-Catholic, is to discuss questions of faith and morality and explain the teaching of his confession on the basis of equality", Vatican City.

"fundamental formula for ecumenical dialogue" "which has become foundational in the history of Catholic ecumenism."



  • February 1963 (1963-02): Slipyj emigrated from Soviet Union after release from labor camp.[5]


  • November 1964 (1964-11): The Second Vatican Council decreed, in Unitatis redintegratio (UR), that "division openly contradicts the will of Christ" so "restoration of unity among all Christians is one of the principal concerns of the" council, Vatican City.[7]


[8]



  • 1967 (1967): ROC began bilateral dialogue with the Catholic Church.[9]



  • August 1978 (1978-08): Paul VI died, Castel Gandolfo, Italy.
  • September 1978 (1978-09): ROC delegates, including Metropolitan Nikodim Rotov, attend the papal inauguration of Pope John Paul I, Vatican City.[10]
    Nikodim was, according to Paul Coyer, "in many ways de facto leader of the" ROC.[10]
    Coyer wrote that, according to the Mitrokhin Archive, "Nikodim was a KGB agent who used his advocacy of closer relations with the Vatican and various leadership roles in the World Council of Churches to further Soviet geopolitical goals among Christian leaders in the West."[10]
  • September 1978 (1978-09): Nikodim received last rites from John Paul I and died during a private papal audience, Vatican City.[10]
  • September 1978 (1978-09): John Paul I died, Vatican City.
  • October 1978 (1978-10): ROC delegates attend the papal inauguration of Pope John Paul II, Vatican City.[6]
  • March 1979 (1979-03): Letter from John Paul II to Slipyj.[6][11]
    John Paul II pointed out in the letter that freedom of religion is a fundamental right contained in the United Nations 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and "in the Constitutions of each state. By virtue of this principle to which the Apostolic See has again and again appealed and which it has declared, it is lawful for each believer to profess his own faith and to be an active member of the Church community to which he belongs. The observance of this principle of religious freedom requires that the right of living and acting proper to the Church to which each citizen belongs should be respected."[12]
  • March 1980 (1980-03): John Paul II Synod of the UGCC, Vatican City
  • December 1980 (1980-12): Synod of the UGCC unanimously declared the 1946 Lviv convention as uncanonical and void


glasnost and perestroika


[13]

  • 1988 (1988): Gorbachev met with Pimen and other ROC leaders and explicitly discussed the role of religion in the lives of ROC members.[14]
  • 1989 (1989): new laws specified the church's right to hold private property and to distribute publications.[15]










  • 1990 (1990): "establishment of new Roman Catholic dioceses in Russia has caused tension with the Russian Orthodox hierarchy. The two churches have an understanding that neither will proselytize in the "territory" of the other, so representatives of the patriarch have condemned expanding Catholic influence as an unwelcome Western intrusion.".[17]


Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from Curtis, Glenn E.; Leighton, Marian (1998) [study completed July 1996]. "Ethnic, religious, and cultural setting". In Curtis, Glenn E. (ed.). Russia: a country study. Area handbook series. Vol. DA Pam, 550–115. Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. ISBN 9780844408668.




  • December 1989 (1989-12): UGCC received legal rights, Soviet Union.
  • December 1989 (1989-12): Gorbachev met John Paul II, Vatican City.



  • May 1990 (1990-05): Pimen died, Moscow.
  • June 1990 (1990-06): Metropolitan Alexy Ridiger installed as Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow.
  • 1990s: Negotiations held for a possible meeting between Alexy II and John Paul II.[21]


  • May 1991 (1991-05): John Paul II, Vatican City.[22]


John Paul II (1991-05-31). "Letter to European bishops on the recent changes in Central and Eastern Europe". vatican.va.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)


Pontifical Commission for Russia (1992-06-01). "Principles and norms: evangelization and ecumenism in former Soviet territories". oki-regensburg.de. Archived from the original on 2005-01-20. from: "ORIGINS", October 8, 1992








  • May 1999 (1999-05):

In May 1999, Pope John Paul II visited Romania on the invitation from Patriarch Teoctist of the Romanian Orthodox Church. This was the first time a Pope had visited a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the East-West Schism in 1054, the event that separated Eastern Orthodoxy and Western Catholicism. On his arrival, the Patriarch and the President of Romania, Emil Constantinescu, greeted the Pope. The Patriarch stated, "The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity."





  • 2002 (2002): Alfeyev delivered, according to Alfeyev, a message from Alexy II to John Paul II and conditions for meeting Alexy II which included "rejection of all forms of proselytism on the canonical territory of the Moscow Patriarchate, and the recognition of the fact that Uniatism could no longer be considered as a way towards Christian unity", Vatican City.[27]


  • 2003 (2003): President Vladimir Putin met John Paul II, Vatican City.
    Both sides viewed this as a positive step toward improved understanding between the ROC and the Catholic Church.
    However, the ROC continued to complain vociferously about the Catholic presence in traditionally Orthodox areas.[28]
  • June 2003 (2003-06): Cardinal Walter Kasper and Metropolitan Kirill discussed relations.[28]
  • May 2004 (2004-05) – September 2004 (2004-09): ROC and the Catholic Church joint working group discussed specific concerns.
    Representatives of both churches reported that the working group contributed to an improved atmosphere.[28]


  • June 2004 (2004-06): Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace published overview of Catholic social teaching in Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church (CSDC), Vatican City.[29]
  • August 2004 (2004-08): A delegation from John Paul II presented an 18th-century copy of the icon of Our Lady of Kazan to Alexy II as a gesture of reconciliation, Moscow.[28][b]
  • April 2005 (2005-04): John Paul II died, Vatican City.
  • April 2005 (2005-04): Ratzinger elected as Pope Benedict XVI, Vatican City.
  • April 2005 (2005-04): Alfeyev proposed a "European Catholic–Orthodox Alliance", similar to the Conference of European Churches, "to work on a common position on all major social and ethical issues, and to speak with one voice".[33]
  • May 2005 (2005-05): Kasper proposed convoking "a synod of reconciliation" on the 1,000-year anniversary of the Council of Bari in 2098, and proposed an alliance with Orthodox and Protestants against secularism, Bari, Itali.[34]
    Kasper "described such an alliance as designed 'to help one another mutually in favor of common values, of a culture of life, of the dignity of the person, of solidarity and social justice, of peace and the safeguarding of creation'."[35]
  • September 2005 (2005-09): Alfeyev told the 6th Gniezno Convention that, "our churches are on their way to unity" but the process to achieve this goal will "take decades, if not centuries", Gniezno, Poland.{{sfn|Alfeyev|2005b}




  • December 2008 (2008-12): Alexy II died, Peredelkino, Russia.
  • January 2009 (2009-01): Kirill elected as Patriarch Kirril I, Moscow.
  • March 2009 (2009-03): Alfeyev appointed as DECR chairman, Moscow.
  • December 2009 (2009-12): Benedict XVI and Russian Federation President Dmitry Medvedev establish full diplomatic relations between the Holy See and Russian Federation, Vatican City.[36]
  • February 2016 (2016-02): Kirill met Francis and both signed a joint declaration, Havana, Cuba.
  • March 2016 (2016-03): Shevchuk told a history conference that "the time of polemics between the Churches in Ukraine should come to an end" and "a new way to approach the analysis and interpretation of historical events" should begin, based on "genuine scientific historiography, not a polemic or confessional literature and propaganda", Kyiv.[38]
  • March 2016 (2016-03): Shevchuk said that UGCC in Crimea "is waiting for a decision to which category we are to be enrolled and what terminology we are to use, regulation or elimination." "In order not to give the propaganda any opportunity to speak about the self-liquidation of the UGCC in Crimea our communities wish to complete this registration" which was required after the 2014 annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation.[39]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The report contains unofficial suggestions of the commission, "until the competent organs of the Catholic Church and of the Orthodox Churches express their judgement in regard to it."[24]
  2. ^ The 18th-century copy of the icon was smuggled out the Soviet Union under unclear circumstances. It was purchased by the Blue Army of Our Lady of Fátima and enshrined in Fátima, Portugal, in the 1970s. It was donated to the Vatican in 1993.[30] In 2005, Alexy II, and President Mintimer Shaimiev of the Republic of Tatarstan, placed the icon in the Annunciation Cathedral at the Kazan Kremlin in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation. A different copy of that icon, presented by Kirill to Francis,[31] was prominently displayed at the signing ceremony.[32]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Vlasovsky & Zhukovsky n.d.
  2. ^ a b c d Velyky n.d.
  3. ^ Rodopoulos 2001.
  4. ^ Leustean 2011, p. 263.
  5. ^ a b Lencyk n.d. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFLencykn.d. (help)
  6. ^ a b c d e Luxmoore & Babiuch 2005.
  7. ^ Vatican Council II 1964, n. 1, quoted in Kasper (2004).
  8. ^ Vatican Council II 1964, n. 9, quoted in Kasper (2004).
  9. ^ a b ROC 2008.
  10. ^ a b c d Coyer 2016a.
  11. ^ John Paul II 1979.
  12. ^ John Paul II 1979, n. 6.
  13. ^ Knox 2005.
  14. ^ Keller 1988; Curtis & Leighton, p. 208; 1996.
  15. ^ a b c Curtis & Leighton 1996, p. 208.
  16. ^ Witte 2006, p. 115.
  17. ^ Curtis, Leighton & 1996213–214.
  18. ^ John Paul II & 1987 SRS, n. 20, quoted in Luxmoore & Babiuch (2005, p. 149).
  19. ^ Solchanyk & Hvat 1990, p. 85.
  20. ^ a b c Solchanyk & Hvat 1990, p. 88.
  21. ^ Allen & San Martín 2016.
  22. ^ John Paul II 1991, n..
  23. ^ PCPCU & 1993 ED.
  24. ^ a b Balamand 1993.
  25. ^ John Paul II & 1995 UUS.
  26. ^ ROC & 2000 OSK, cited in DECR (2000).
  27. ^ Alfeyev 2005b.
  28. ^ a b c d IRF 2005.
  29. ^ CSDC 2004.
  30. ^ IRF 2005; Polk 2004.
  31. ^ VIS 2016.
  32. ^ Borgia 2016.
  33. ^ Alfeyev 2005a.
  34. ^ Alfeyev 2005b; Zenit 2005.
  35. ^ Zenit 2005.
  36. ^ Zenit 2009.
  37. ^ Hitchen 2016.
  38. ^ RISU & 2016-03-17; See Balamand (1993, n. 30).
  39. ^ RISU & 2016-03-21.

References

[edit]


  • Alfeyev, Hilarion (2005-04-24). "Habemus Papam!" [We have a pope!]. orthodoxeurope.org. Europaica: bulletin of the Representation of the Russian Orthodox Church to the European Institutions. Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate. Archived from the original on 2016-03-11. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
  • — (2005-09-17). Can Europe breathe with one lung? Catholic-Orthodox dialogue today (Speech). 6th Gniezno Convention: "Europe of dialogue. To be Christian in contemporary Europe" held 16–18 September 2005 at Gniezno, Poland. ekai.pl. Warsaw, PL: Katolicka Agencja Informacyjna (published 2005-09-18). Archived from the original on 2016-03-11. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
  • Allen, John L.; San Martín, Inés (2016-02-12). "Pope, Russian patriarch embrace in historic meeting". Crux. Boston Globe Media Partners. Crux. Archived from the original on 2016-02-13. Retrieved 2016-02-14.







  • Knox, Zoe Katrina (2005). Russian society and the Orthodox church: religion in Russia after communism. BASEES/RoutledgeCurzon series on Russian and East European studies. Vol. 13. London [u.a.]: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 9780203014530.



  • Russian Orthodox Church (2000-08-15). "Bases of the Social Doctrine of the Russian Orthodox Church" (Document). {{cite document}}: Cite document requires |publisher= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |access-date=, |website=, |url=, and |publication-date= (help); Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)





  • Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2005). "Russia". International Religious Freedom Report. Washington, DC: Department of State. ISSN 1936-4156. Archived from the original on 2012-01-13. Retrieved 2016-02-15.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)






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